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Fig. 6 in Plasticity in the shape and growth pattern of asteriscus otolith of black prochilodus Prochilodus nigricans (Teleostei: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

Fig. 6. Regressions between radius of each increments and increments growth estimated in Prochilodus nigricans from Solimões (red), Japurá (blue) and Negro (black) Amazon Basin, Brazil.

Fig. 5 in Plasticity in the shape and growth pattern of asteriscus otolith of black prochilodus Prochilodus nigricans (Teleostei: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

Fig. 5. Canonical variate analysis of the organized data of the analysis cluster. Representation the four different morphotypes of asteriscus otoliths of Prochilodus nigricans. (red cross) Morphotype 3; (blue square) Morphotype 2; (purple asterisk) Morphotype 4; (green ex) Morphotype 1.

Fig. 4 in Plasticity in the shape and growth pattern of asteriscus otolith of black prochilodus Prochilodus nigricans (Teleostei: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

Fig. 4. Four morphotype asteriscus otolith Prochilodus nigricans established by cluster analysis from the amplitudes of wavelets. a. morphotype 1; b. morphotype 2; c. morphotype 3 and d. morphotype 4 respectively, sampled of rivers Solimões, Japurá and Negro. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Plasticity in the shape and growth pattern of asteriscus otolith of black prochilodus Prochilodus nigricans (Teleostei: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

Fig. 1. Partial map of the Amazon basin showing the study area where Prochilodus nigricans were collected. Rivers: Solimões, Japurá and Negro, Brazil.

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Data from: Response of Prochilodus nigricans to flood pulse variation in the central Amazon

The influence of the flood pulse on fish populations has been posited, but infrequently tested or quantified. Here, we tested the effect of habitat on population size, using Prochilodus nigricans as a case study species. Floodplain habitat was based on the littoral zone area occupied by P. nigricans to feed. The magnitude of this habitat in each hydrological year, the moving littoral (ML), was expressed as the sum of daily littoral areas during the advancing flood pulse, using satellite-based passive microwave data. Annual population size was estimated by age-class, using a dynamic age-structured model (MULTIFAN-CL) based on catches, effort, and fish length frequencies from the Manaus-based fishery over 12.75 years. The principal null hypothesis was that ML, using three lag times, had no effect on population size of a single age class of P. nigricans. The population size at 29 months of age was positively related (P=0.00030) to floodplain habitat (ML) earlier in the same year, when the fish were 21-27 months old. The result implies a density-dependent relationship for the population with respect to its feeding habitat. Potential mechanisms governed by flood pulse variation and habitat quality for this and other species utilizing floodplain habitats are discussed.

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Data from: Response of Prochilodus nigricans to flood pulse variation in the central Amazon

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Fig. 3 in Plasticity in the shape and growth pattern of asteriscus otolith of black prochilodus Prochilodus nigricans (Teleostei: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

Fig. 3. Cluster analysis based on the euclidean distances of the wavelet functions by shape analysis of asteriscus otoliths Prochilodus nigricans between rivers. S (Solimões); J (Japurá) and N (Negro).

Fig. 2 in Plasticity in the shape and growth pattern of asteriscus otolith of black prochilodus Prochilodus nigricans (Teleostei: Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) freshwater Neotropical migratory fish

Fig. 2. Canonical variate analysis of the first 5 PC compo- nents and fish length data of the Prochilodus nigricans for all localities, with 95% confidence. Solimões (blue); Japurá (red) and Negro (green).

Fig. 7 in Population dynamics of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in the Putumayo River

Fig. 7. Standard length-converted catch curves (SL) and mortality estimates for Prochilodus nigricans females (a), males (b) and all individuals (sexed and unsexed) combined (c) calculated from the von Bertalanffy growth function parameters at a mean temperature of 27°C. Z, M and F represent the instantaneous rates of total, natural and fishing mortality, respectively. E is the exploitation rate (E = F.Z-1). Black dots = data points in the curve on which the regression was fitted.

Fig. 6 in Population dynamics of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in the Putumayo River

Fig. 6. Standard length at first sexual maturity for males (black dots) and females (white circles) of Prochilodus nigricans in the Putumayo River.

Fig. 5 in Population dynamics of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in the Putumayo River

Fig. 5. Standard length frequency histograms and the corresponding von Bertalanffy growth function for females (a) and males (b) between January 2015 and April 2017 and for all individuals (sexed and unsexed) combined of Prochilodus nigricans in the Putumayo River between 2009 and 2017 (c-f).

Fig. 4 in Population dynamics of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in the Putumayo River

Fig. 4. Mean monthly values of the gonado-somatic index (GSI) and monthly proportions of breeding females for Prochilodus nigricans in the Putumayo River in relation to the water level (black smoothed line).

Fig. 3 in Population dynamics of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in the Putumayo River

Fig. 3. Changes in the body condition, expressed by the log10-transformed standard length (LS) and total (Wt) mass relationships, of females (a) and males (b) Prochilodus nigricans during the different hydrological seasons. Relationships for females: y=3.1631x-1.8544. r2=0.9151 (Low); y=2.8597x-1.4749. r2=0.8917 (Rising); y=2.6298x-1.1517. r2=0.8772 (High); y=2.8619x-1.4652. r2=0.9552 (Receding). Relationships for males: y=2.8206x-1.4231. r2=0.871 (Low); y=2.6672x-1.2156. r2=0.8705 (Rising); y=2.3268x-0.7462. r2=0.8687 (High); y=2.8927x-1.5134. r2=0.9569 (Receding).

Fig. 2 in Population dynamics of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in the Putumayo River

Fig. 2. Size frequency distribution for both Prochilodus nigricans females and males in the upper Putumayo River between 2009 and 2017.

Fig. 1 in Population dynamics of Prochilodus nigricans (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in the Putumayo River

Fig. 1. Geographic location of the study area around Puerto Leguízamo in the Putumayo River, Colombian Amazon.