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14 results for “Proctoporus”
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus
Figure 1. Preferred Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of four genes of the Cercosaurini with outgroups representing the other clades of the Gymnophthalmidae from Castoe et al. (2004). Values above branches represent posterior probability values. Branch lengths of the Cercosaurini are informative, whereas branch lengths of the outgroups are not informative. Labels (a) and (b) indicate individuals of a species from Castoe et al. (2004). The vertical bars on the right of the figure indicate the new generic status of the target taxa.
Figure 5 in A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru
Figure 5. Type locality of Proctoporus machupicchu: (A, C) Montane forest, (B) Urubamba River, (D) Habitat of Proctoporus machupicchu. Photo: (6 A–C) Luis Mamani; 6 D (Javier Farfan).
Figure 3 in A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru
Figure 3. Dorsal and ventral views of living specimens of Proctoporus machupicchu. A–B adult female (MHNC 13362); C–D adult female (MHNC 13513); and E–F inmature male (MHNC 13373); and G not collected of immature male showing femoral pores.
Figure 4 in A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru
Figure 4. Map showing the distribution of Proctoporus species known from southeast of Peru, based on species listed in Appendix I and in Uzzell (1970), Doan and Castoe (2003), Doan et al. (2005), Chavez et al. (2011), and Goicoechea et al. (2013). Green circle, Proctoporus machupicchu sp. nov.; blue triangle, P. bolivianus; blue square, P. carabaya; red square, P. chasqui; blue circle, P. iridescens; blue pentagon, P. kiziriani; red circle, P. lacertus; red triangle, P. unsaacae; and red pentagon P. sucullucu.
Fig. 2 in A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru
Fig. 2. (A, B, C) Head of the holotype of Proctoporus machupicchu (MHNC 13362), lateral, dorsal, and ventral view; and (D, E, F) Paratype (MHNC 13373) lateral, dorsal. and ventral view of the head. Scale bar 5 mm.
Linked collectors and determiners for: A taxonomic revision of Proctoporus bolivianus Werner (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of three new species and resurrection of Proctoporus lacertus Stejneger.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A taxonomic revision of Proctoporus bolivianus Werner (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with the description of three new species and resurrection of Proctoporus lacertus Stejneger". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/2d8f0338-4a38-4806-916d-1ee20d4d3f58">https://bionomia.net/dataset/2d8f0338-4a38-4806-916d-1ee20d4d3f58</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/2d8f0338-4a38-4806-916d-1ee20d4d3f58">https://gbif.org/dataset/2d8f0338-4a38-4806-916d-1ee20d4d3f58</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 1 in A new species of Andean lizard Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from montane forest of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Peru
Fig. 1. Holotype of Proctoporus machupicchu (MHNC 13362; SVL 41.2 mm).
Data from: Molecular phylogenetics, species diversity, and biogeography of the Andean lizards Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)
The family Gymnophthalmidae comprises ca. 220 described species of Neotropical lizards distributed from southern Mexico to Argentina. It includes 36 genera, among them Proctoporus, which contains six currently recognized species occurring across the yungas forests and wet montane grasslands of the Amazonian versant of the Andes from central Peru to central Bolivia. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships and species limits of Proctoporus and closely related taxa by analyzing 2121 base pairs of mitochondrial (12S, 16S, and ND4) and nuclear (c-mos) genes. Our taxon sampling of 92 terminals includes all currently recognized species of Proctoporus and 15 additional species representing the most closely related groups to the genus. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses recovered a congruent, fully resolved, and strongly supported hypothesis of relationships that challenges previous phylogenetic hypotheses and classifications, and biogeographic scenarios. Our main results are: (i) discovery of a strongly supported clade that includes all species of Proctoporus and within which are nested the monotypic Opipeuter xestus (a genus that we consider a junior synonym of Proctoporus), and two species of Euspondylus, that are therefore transferred to Proctoporus; (ii) the paraphyly of Proctoporus bolivianus with respect to P. subsolanus, which is proposed as a junior synonym of P. bolivianus; (iii) the detection of seven divergent and reciprocally monophyletic lineages (five of them previously assigned to P. bolivianus) that are considered confirmed candidate species, which implies that more candidate species are awaiting formal description and naming than currently recognized species in the genus; (iv) rejection of the hypothesis that Proctoporus diversified following a south to north pattern parallel to the elevation of the Andes; (v) species diversity in Proctoporus is the result of in situ diversification through vicariance in the grasslands of the high Andes, with at least five dispersals contributing to montane forest species.
FIGURE 4 in A new species ofAndean lizard, Proctoporus (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae), from the highland of Parque Nacional Otishi in Peru
FIGURE 4. Map showing the type locality of Proctoporus otishi sp. nov. in the highland of Parque Nacional Otishi.
FIGURE 2 in A new species ofAndean lizard, Proctoporus (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae), from the highland of Parque Nacional Otishi in Peru
FIGURE 2. Ventral and dorsal view and drawing of the head of the holotype of Proctoporus otishi sp. nov. (MUSM 20754, SVL = 45.3 mm, TL = 31.8 mm, male). Drawing by R. Cruz.
FIGURE 5 in A new species ofAndean lizard, Proctoporus (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae), from the highland of Parque Nacional Otishi in Peru
FIGURE 5. Images of eggs of Proctoporus otishi sp. nov. found under mosses. Photos taken by Lily O. Rodríguez.
FIGURE 3 in A new species ofAndean lizard, Proctoporus (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae), from the highland of Parque Nacional Otishi in Peru
FIGURE 3. Image of the paratype of Proctoporus otishi sp. nov. (MUSM 20753, SVL = 49.6 mm, TL = 68.7 mm, female) in life. Photos taken by Lily O. Rodríguez.
FIGURE 1 in A new species ofAndean lizard, Proctoporus (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae), from the highland of Parque Nacional Otishi in Peru
FIGURE 1. View of scales characterization of Euspondylus caideni (MUBI 14330): ventral (A), dorsal (B), and lateral (C) side of the head; eye (D), groin (E), and lateral side of the body (F). Anal scales (a), ciliars (c), collar scales (co), dorsal scales (ds), femoral pores (fe), first transversal dorsal row (dsr), freno ocular (fo), frontal (fr), frontonasal (fn), frontoparietals (fp), gulars (g), genials (ge), infralabials (i), interparietal (in), loreal (lo), mental (m), nasal (n), nasal suture (ns), nasoloreal suture (nls), palpebral disc (pd), parietals (pa), postmental (pm), postoculars (po), postparietals (pp), preanals (pra), prefrontals (pf), pregulars (pg), rostral (r), small lateral scales (sls), suboculars (su), supraoculars (so), superciliars (sc), supralabials (sl), supratemporals (st), temporals (t), ventral scales (vs), anterior infralabials (light blue), supralabials anterior to the posteroventral angle of the subocular (gray).
Data from: Molecular phylogenetics, species diversity, and biogeography of the Andean lizards Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)
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