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FIGURE 6 in Redescription and diagnoses of the genera Profundulus and Tlaloc (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), Mesoamerican endemic fishes

FIGURE 6 | Tlaloc candalarius. A. Male (MZ-UNICACH 7567, 71.4 mm SL); B. Female (MZ-UNICACH 7567, 78.8 mm SL); note the orange coloration of the dorsal and anal fins in the male.

FIGURE 8 in Redescription and diagnoses of the genera Profundulus and Tlaloc (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), Mesoamerican endemic fishes

FIGURE 8 | Geographical distribution of species of the genera Tlaloc and Profundulus in southern Mexico and Central America.

FIGURE 7 in Redescription and diagnoses of the genera Profundulus and Tlaloc (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), Mesoamerican endemic fishes

FIGURE 7 | Bony spinules in fin rays of male Tlaloc labialis, indicated by arrow (MZ-UNICACH 6740, 75.7 mm SL), articulated with the lateral surfaces of the anal fin rays.

FIGURE 3 in Redescription and diagnoses of the genera Profundulus and Tlaloc (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), Mesoamerican endemic fishes

FIGURE 3 | Lateral view of left jaws, suspensorium and opercular series in specimens cleared and stained. A. Tlaloc portillorum (MZ-UNICACH 7222, 70.5 mm SL); B. Profundulus mixtlanensis (MZ-UNICACH 6716, 55.6 mm SL). Arrow points to dorsal margin of the interoperculum, with a long or short extension. Abbreviations: de, dentary; pm, premaxilla; ra, retroarticular; mx, maxilla; pl, palatine; qu, quadrate; ar, articular; ms, mesopterygoid; io, interopercle; sy, sympletic; hy, hyomandibula; po, preopercle; op, opercle; so, subopercle.

FIGURE 4 in Redescription and diagnoses of the genera Profundulus and Tlaloc (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), Mesoamerican endemic fishes

FIGURE 4 | Ventral view of left lacrimal. A. Tlaloc portillorum (MZ-UNICACH 7222, 70.5 mm SL); B. T. hildebrandi (MZ-UNICACH 2266, 75.1 mm SL); C. Profundulus mixtlanensis (MZ-UNICACH 6716, 55.6 mm SL); and D. P. punctatus (MZ-UNICACH 6632, 67.3 mm SL). Arrow point to ventral margin of the lacrimal.

FIGURE 5 in Redescription and diagnoses of the genera Profundulus and Tlaloc (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), Mesoamerican endemic fishes

FIGURE 5 | Male general morphology and caudal fin squamation, life colour patterns in: A. Tlaloc labialis; and B. Profundulus punctatus. Solid arrow points to the squamation of the caudal fin, dashed arrow points to the humeral spot.

FIGURE 1 in Redescription and diagnoses of the genera Profundulus and Tlaloc (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), Mesoamerican endemic fishes

FIGURE 1 | Morphometric characters, based on sketches of Profundulus in lateral view. Morphometric measurements in the Material and Methods section.

FIGURE 2 in Redescription and diagnoses of the genera Profundulus and Tlaloc (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), Mesoamerican endemic fishes

FIGURE 2 | Ventral view of the neurocranium, in specimens cleared and stained. A. Tlaloc portillorum (MZ-UNICACH 7222, 70.5 mm SL); B. Vomer region of T. candalarius (MZ-UNICACH 3899, 61.7 mm SL); C. Vomer region of Profundulus kreiseri (MZ-UNICACH 7214, 59.6 mm SL); and D. Neurocranium of P. mixtlanensis (MZ-UNICACH 6716, 55.6 mm SL). Abbreviations: V, vomer (Y-shaped); E, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; P, parasphenoid; AF, autopterotic fossa.

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FIGURE 1 in Range extension of the Honduran endemic killifish Tlaloc portillorum (Matamoros & Schaefer 2010) (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae): new records from the upper reaches of the Patuca and Choluteca Rivers

FIGURE 1. (A) Map of Honduras showing localities where Tlaloc portillorum has been collected. Dashed lines depict major river basin borders (basin names in blue font with white background). Major city names in uppercase and bold font. (B) Photograph of live specimen of T. portillorum (5.5 cm standard length) from the Guacerique River (longitude= -87.109, latitude= 14.033), a tributary of the Choluteca River basin. (C) Habitat of T. portillorum. From the Guacerique River, tributary of the Choluteca River basin (longitude -87.111, latitude 14.032).

FIGURE 3 in Range extension of the Mexican-endemic killifish Profundulus chimalapensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), with comments on its phylogenetic placement and possible intergeneric hybridization with Tlaloc Álvarez & Carranza 1951

FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of Profundulidae based on comparative COI sequence data, highlighting (in red) the phylogenetic position of samples from the newly discovered populations of P. chimalapensis (Sabinal, Suchiapa, and Ostuta rivers), as well as from the putative hybrids between P. chimalapensis and Tlaloc. For these samples, terminal labels consist of the species name followed by the voucher specimen in parentheses. For the remaining samples (in black), terminal labels consist of the species name followed by the GenBank accession number of the corresponding COI sequence. Outgroup (Fundulus heteroclitus) not shown. Nodal support as bootstrap values (B).

FIGURE 2 in Range extension of the Mexican-endemic killifish Profundulus chimalapensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), with comments on its phylogenetic placement and possible intergeneric hybridization with Tlaloc Álvarez & Carranza 1951

FIGURE 2. Photographs of the three collecting sites/areas representing the new records of P. chimalapensis that prompted the range extension reported here: A) Río Sabinal near the resurgence of the Paso Burro cave (featuring JA and SGH while electrofishing), B) Río Ostuta, and C) Río Suchiapa near the resurgence of the Chorro Grande cave.

FIGURE 1 in Range extension of the Mexican-endemic killifish Profundulus chimalapensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), with comments on its phylogenetic placement and possible intergeneric hybridization with Tlaloc Álvarez & Carranza 1951

FIGURE 1. Map of the study area showcasing the geographic distribution of P. chimalapensis based on records from the species description (Del Moral-Flores et al., 2020), a subsequent taxonomic synthesis of the family Profundulidae (DomínguezCisneros et al., 2023), and the new records herein reported.

FIGURE 4. Photographs from a in Range extension of the Mexican-endemic killifish Profundulus chimalapensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), with comments on its phylogenetic placement and possible intergeneric hybridization with Tlaloc Álvarez & Carranza 1951

FIGURE 4. Photographs from a selection of preserved specimens representing the newly discovered populations of P. chimalapensis from: Río Sabinal [CNPE-IBUNAM 24365] (A), including putative P. chimalapensis × Tlaloc hybrids (B), a stream draining from the Chorro Grande cave into the Río Suchiapa [CNPE-IBUNAM 24366] (C), and Río Ostuta [CNPEIBUNAM 24367] (D). Scale bar = 1 cm.

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TABLE 1 in Range extension of the Honduran endemic killifish Tlaloc portillorum (Matamoros & Schaefer 2010) (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae): new records from the upper reaches of the Patuca and Choluteca Rivers

<p><b>TABLE 1.</b> Table with geographic information, for each sample included in Figure one. Type series as in Matamoros & Schaefer, 2010; The source Museum collections LSUMZ= Louisiana State University Museum Zoology, collection of fishes; USM= University of Southern Mississippi, collection of fishes.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>ID</b></th><th><b>City or Town</b></th><th><b>Basin/Sub-basin</b></th><th><b>Longitude</b></th><th><b>Latitude</b></th><th><b>Altitude (m)</b></th><th><b>Source</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1</th><td>Siguatepeque</td><td>Ulúa-Calam</td><td>-87.876</td><td>14.533</td><td>1368</td><td>Holotype/USM31400</td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>Siguatepeque</td><td>Ulúa-Calam</td><td>-87.876</td><td>14.533</td><td>1368</td><td>Paratypes/USM31589</td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td>Siguatepeque</td><td>Ulúa-Calam</td><td>-87.878</td><td>14.554</td><td>1368</td><td>Paratypes/USM31598</td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td>Siguatepeque</td><td>Ulúa-Calam</td><td>-87.878</td><td>14.554</td><td>1368</td><td>Paratypes/USM31592</td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td>Siguatepeque</td><td>Ulúa-Calam</td><td>-87.881</td><td>14.541</td><td>1414</td><td>Paratypes/USM31597</td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td>Ojojona</td><td>Nacaome-Verdugo</td><td>-87.294</td><td>13.928</td><td>1391</td><td>Salgado-Maldonado <i>et al</i>. 2015</td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td>Lepaterique</td><td>Nacaome-Verdugo</td><td>-87.466</td><td>14.061</td><td>1462</td><td>Salgado-Maldonado <i>et al</i>. 2014</td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td>Lepaterique</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.432</td><td>14.070</td><td>1656</td><td>Salgado-Maldonado <i>et al</i>. 2014</td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td>Ojojona</td><td>Nacaome-Verdugo</td><td>-87.294</td><td>13.928</td><td>1391</td><td>Salgado-Maldonado <i>et al</i>. 2014</td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td>Potrerillos</td><td>Ulúa-Selguapa</td><td>-87.881</td><td>14.541</td><td>1450</td><td>Pinacho-Pinacho <i>et al</i>. 2015</td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td>Ojojona</td><td>Nacaome-Verdugo</td><td>-87.318</td><td>13.930</td><td>1575</td><td>LSUMZ16071</td></tr><tr><th>12</th><td>San Sebastian</td><td>Nacaome-Verdugo</td><td>-87.360</td><td>13.962</td><td>1673</td><td>LSUMZ16073</td></tr><tr><th>13</th><td>Ojojona</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.373</td><td>13.989</td><td>1415</td><td>LSUMZ16075</td></tr><tr><th>14</th><td>Lepaterique</td><td>Nacaome-Verdugo</td><td>-87.466</td><td>14.064</td><td>1464</td><td>USM31628</td></tr><tr><th>15</th><td>Lepaterique</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.432</td><td>14.071</td><td>1675</td><td>USM31631</td></tr><tr><th>16</th><td>Siguatepeque</td><td>Ulúa-Selguapa</td><td>-87.870</td><td>14.535</td><td>1347</td><td>USM45512</td></tr><tr><th>17</th><td>Siguatepeque</td><td>Ulúa-Calam</td><td>-87.875</td><td>14.550</td><td>1337</td><td>USM31652</td></tr><tr><th>18</th><td>Potrerillos</td><td>Ulúa-Canoas</td><td>-87.878</td><td>14.554</td><td>1332</td><td>USM31590</td></tr><tr><th>19</th><td>Ojojona</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.287</td><td>13.954</td><td>1286</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>20</th><td>El Aguacatal</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.362</td><td>14.012</td><td>1409</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>21</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.101</td><td>14.013</td><td>1309</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>22</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.096</td><td>14.015</td><td>1295</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>23</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.098</td><td>14.016</td><td>1314</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>24</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.097</td><td>14.016</td><td>1319</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>25</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.096</td><td>14.017</td><td>1301</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>26</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.111</td><td>14.032</td><td>1259</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>27</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.110</td><td>14.033</td><td>1314</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>28</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.109</td><td>14.033</td><td>1314</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>29</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.108</td><td>14.034</td><td>1265</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>30</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.107</td><td>14.034</td><td>1274</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>31</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.106</td><td>14.035</td><td>1277</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>32</th><td>Tatumbla</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.107</td><td>14.036</td><td>1276</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>33</th><td>Lepaterique</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.412</td><td>14.054</td><td>1516</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>34</th><td>Lepaterique</td><td>Nacaome-Verdugo</td><td>-87.462</td><td>14.065</td><td>1487</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>35</th><td>Tegucigalpa</td><td>Choluteca-Guacerique</td><td>-87.205</td><td>14.084</td><td>942</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>36</th><td>Tamara</td><td>Choluteca-El Hombre</td><td>-87.293</td><td>14.175</td><td>1317</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>37</th><td>Comayagua</td><td>Ulúa-Humuya Alto</td><td>-87.654</td><td>14.445</td><td>576</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>38</th><td>Comayagua</td><td>Ulúa-Humuya Alto</td><td>-87.654</td><td>14.467</td><td>573</td><td>This Publication</td></tr><tr><th>39</th><td>San Francisco de Orica</td><td>Patuca-Guayape</td><td>-86.977</td><td>14.908</td><td>1570</td><td>This Publication</td></tr></tbody></table>

Figure 3 from: Matamoros W, Schaefer J, Hernández C, Chakrabarty P (2012) Profundulus kreiseri, a new species of Profundulidae (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from northwestern Honduras. ZooKeys 227: 49-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.227.3151

Figure 3 - Photographs of the habitat of Profundulus kreiseri. A Type locality of Profundulus kreiseri, 15.197667°N, 88.616°W. A small creek that drains directly into the Chamelecón River, near the new hydroelectric dam. Department of Santa Barbara, Municipality of Macuelizo B Small creek that drains into the main river. Department of Santa Barbara, 15.029520°N, 88.508°W.

Figure 1 from: Matamoros W, Schaefer J, Hernández C, Chakrabarty P (2012) Profundulus kreiseri, a new species of Profundulidae (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from northwestern Honduras. ZooKeys 227: 49-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.227.3151

Figure 1 - Map of Honduras and neighboring countries showing the distribution of all species of Profundulus. The type locality of Profundulus kreiseri (15.197667°N, 88.616°W) is represented by a white star, and a second known locality for the species (15.029520°N, 88.508°W) is represented by a dark star.

Figure 2 from: Matamoros W, Schaefer J, Hernández C, Chakrabarty P (2012) Profundulus kreiseri, a new species of Profundulidae (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from northwestern Honduras. ZooKeys 227: 49-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.227.3151

Figure 2 - Photographs of preserved specimens of A Profundulus kreiseri sp. n., USM 39022, holotype, 53.2 mm SL, Río Chamelecón, Honduras B Profundulus punctatus, UMMZ 194154, 47.0 mm SL, Rio Nahualete, Guatemala; and C Profundulus guatemalensis, UMMZ 190542, 43.7 mm SL, Río Maria Linda, Guatemala. The diagnostic characters of each species (A–C) are shown in D–F the white bar shows the extent of squamation on the caudal fin D Profundulus kreiseri sp. n., USM 39022, holotype (note that scales cover less than half of the caudal fin, and there are no rows of dark spots on the caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base) E Profundulus punctatus, UMMZ 194154 (note that the entire anterior half of the caudal fin is covered with scales, and rows of dark dots occur on the caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base; and F Profundulus guatemalensis, UMMZ 190542 (note that scales extend beyond the midpoint of the caudal fin, and there are no rows of dark spots on the posterior portion of the caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base).

Figure 4 from: Matamoros W, Schaefer J, Hernández C, Chakrabarty P (2012) Profundulus kreiseri, a new species of Profundulidae (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from northwestern Honduras. ZooKeys 227: 49-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.227.3151

Figure 4 - Bayesianand maximum parsimony trees based on cytochrome b sequences. Number above each node represents Bayesian posterior probabilities. Number below each node represents nonparametric bootstrap support. Subgenus membership is shown with either light gray branches (Tlaloc) or dark gray branches (Profundulus). C = Chamelecón River, U = Ulúa River, N = Nacaome River.

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Figure 3 from: Pinacho-Pinacho CD, García-Varela M, Hernández-Orts JS, Mendoza-Palmero CA, Sereno-Uribe AL, Martínez-Ramírez E, Andrade-Gómez L, López-Jiménez A, Hernández-Cruz E, de León GP-P (2015) Checklist of the helminth parasites of the genus Profundulus Hubbs, 1924 (Cyprinodontiformes, Profundulidae), an endemic family of freshwater fishes in Middle-America. ZooKeys 523: 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.523.6088

Figure 3 - Species of monogeneans and the single cestode found in Profundulus spp. A–D Gyrodactylus sp. E–F Urocleidoides sp. G–H Bothriocephalus acheilognathi.