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opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data for: Reciprocal cortico-amygdala connections regulate prosocial and selfish choices in mice

Decisions that favor one's own interest versus the interest of another individual depend on context and the relationships between individuals. The neurobiology underlying selfish choices or choices that benefit others is not understood. We developed a two-choice social decision-making task in which mice can decide whether or not to share a reward with their conspecifics. Preference for altruistic choices was modulated by familiarity, sex, social contact, hunger, hierarchical status, and emotional state matching. Fiber photometry recordings and chemogenetic manipulations demonstrated that BLA neurons are involved in the establishment of prosocial decisions. In particular, BLA neurons projecting to the prelimbic region (PL) of the PFC mediated the development of a preference for altruistic choices, whereas PL projections to the BLA modulated self-interest motives on decision-making. This provides a neurobiological model of altruistic and selfish choices with relevance to pathologies associated with dysfunctions in social decision-making.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Data from: Prosociality in a despotic society

Prosociality is the intent to improve others' well-being. Existing hypotheses postulate that enhanced social tolerance and inter-individual dependence may facilitate prosocial preferences, which may favor the evolution of altruism. While most studies are restricted to 'tolerant' (cooperatively breeding and self-domesticated) species, despotic societies provide an alternative opportunity to investigate prosociality due to nepotism and ample inter-individual dependencies. Japanese macaques live in hierarchical matrilineal societies, with strong kin bonds. Besides, tolerance among non-kin may persist through reciprocity. Using a group service food-provision paradigm, we found prosocial preferences in a semi free-ranging group of Japanese macaques. The extent of provisioning was at levels comparable to tolerant species. Dyadic tolerance predicted the likelihood and magnitude of provisioning, while kinship predicted the magnitude. We emphasize the role of a complex socio-ecology fostering individual prosocial tendencies through kinship and tolerance. These findings necessitate a framework including different forms of interdependence beyond the generally tolerant species.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data from: Recombination as an enforcement mechanism of prosocial behavior in cooperating bacteria

Prosocial behavior is ubiquitous despite the relative fitness costs carried by cooperative individuals. However, the stability of cooperation in populations is fragile, and often maintained through enforcement. We propose that homologous recombination provides such a mechanism in bacteria. Using an agent-based model of recombination in a population of bacteria playing a public goods game, we demonstrate how changes in recombination rate affect the proportion of cooperating cells. In our model, recombination converts cells to a different strategy, either freeloading (cheaters) or cooperation, based on the strategies of neighboring cells and the recombination rate. Increasing the recombination rate expands the parameter space in which cooperators dominate freeloaders. However, increasing the recombination rate alone is neither sufficient nor necessary. Intermediate benefits of cooperation, lower population viscosity, and higher population size can promote cooperation in a population of cheater strains. Our findings demonstrate how recombination influences the persistence of cooperative behavior in bacteria.

publicOct 2023View details →

Data from: Recombination as an enforcement mechanism of prosocial behavior in cooperating bacteria

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publicNov 2022View details →

Data for: Reciprocal cortico-amygdala connections regulate prosocial and selfish choices in mice

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publicMay 2023View details →

Data from: Prosociality in a despotic society

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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Prosocial Decisions in Rhesus Macaques

The spreadsheet contains the performance of animals tested in various experimental conditions of two social studies. Version 2 contains a correction for performance of animal S1 in study 2a that were in the original document partially implemented as percentage of trials rather than number of trial.

opencc-zeroFeb 2021View details →

Prosocial and antisocial choices in a monogamous cichlid with biparental care

Human society is cooperative and characterized by spontaneous prosociality. Comparative studies on endotherm vertebrates suggest that social interdependence causes the evolution of proactive prosociality. To test the generality of this hypothesis, we modified a prosocial choice task for application to the convict cichlid, Amatitlania nigrofasciata, a monogamous fish with biparental care and a strong pair bond. We show that subject males learned to favor prosocial choices when their mates were the recipients in neighboring tank. When the neighboring tank was empty, males chose at random. Furthermore, in the absence of their mates, males also behaved prosocially towards a stranger female. However, if the subjects' mate was also visible in a third tank, or if a male was the potential recipient, subjects made antisocial choices. In conclusion, fish may show both spontaneous prosocial and antisocial behaviors, according to their social relationships with conspecifics and the overall social context.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data from: Delegation to artificial agents fosters prosocial behaviors in the collective risk dilemma

Home assistant chat-bots, self-driving cars, drones or automated negotiation systems are some of the several examples of autonomous (artificial) agents that have pervaded our society. These agents enable the automation of multiple tasks, saving time and (human) effort. However, their presence in social settings raises the need for a better understanding of their effect on social interactions and how they may be used to enhance cooperation towards the public good, instead of hindering it. To this end, we present an experimental study of human delegation to autonomous agents and hybrid human-agent interactions centered on a non-linear public goods dilemma with uncertain returns in which participants face a collective risk. Our aim is to understand experimentally whether the presence of autonomous agents has a positive or negative impact on social behaviour, equality and cooperation in such a dilemma. Our results show that cooperation and group success increases when participants delegate their actions to an artificial agent that plays on their behalf. Yet, this positive effect is less pronounced when humans interact in hybrid human-agent groups, where we mostly observe that humans in successful hybrid groups make higher contributions earlier in the game. Also, we show that participants wrongly believe that artificial agents will contribute less to the collective effort. In general, our results suggest that delegation to autonomous agents has the potential to work as commitment devices, which prevent both the temptation to deviate to an alternate (less collectively good) course of action, as well as limiting responses based on betrayal aversion.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Data from: Testosterone eliminates strategic prosocial behavior in healthy males

Humans are strategically more prosocial when their actions are being watched by others than when they act alone. Using a psychopharmacogenetic approach, we investigated the computational and endocrinological mechanisms of such audience-driven prosociality. 187 male participants received either a single dose of testosterone or a placebo and performed a prosocial and self-benefitting reinforcement learning task. Crucially, the task was performed either in private or when being watched. Rival theories suggest that the hormone might either diminish or strengthen audience-depended generosity. We show that exogenous testosterone fully eliminated strategic, i.e., feigned, generosity and thus decreased submission to audience expectations. We performed reinforcement-learning drift-diffusion computational modeling to elucidate which latent aspects of decision-making testosterone acted on. The modeling revealed that testosterone compared to placebo did not deteriorate reinforcement learning per se, rather, when being watched, the hormone altered the degree to which the learned information on choice value translated to action selection. This indicates that when being watched, the hormone was influencing participants towards choices that are less optimal for prosociality, which resulted in nonconforming behavior. Indeed, exploratory personal values analysis suggests that the effect of testosterone in our reinforcement learning task is underpinned by a shift from socially conforming to nonconforming decisions. Together, these results indicate that instead of deceptively increasing socially desirable behavior, testosterone - by acting on situational personal values - counteracts submission to audience expectations, despite plausible reputational costs.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2018View details →

The causal role of the somatosensory cortex in prosocial behavior - Pain Localizer

Participants with no reported neurological, psychiatric, or other medical problems or any contraindication to fMRI, underwent a total of 40 electrical and 40 mechanical stimulations, split in 8 runs (4 electrical and 4 mechanical) of 10 (5 high intensity and 5 low intensity) stimulations each on their right hand. For more information about task please refer to the pubblication. See the associated readme file for more details.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2018View details →

The causal role of the somatosensory cortex in prosocial behavior - EEG dataset

Participants performed a costly helping paradigm while their brain activity was recorded. For more information about the paradigm see the associate pubblication. For more infomation about the data see README.txt

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Prosocial Behavior and the Individual Normative Standard of Fairness within a Dynamic Context: Experimental Evidence

The data is of the economic experiment conducted in Georgia in summer 2022. The experiment was conducted online via LIONESS web-based software. The experiment was conducted in Georgian Language. The instructions and PC screen information translated from Georgian language into English language. The participants were mostly students of different major, average age of 20, about 16% were non-students. 63% was female. The data consist of two treatments: (1) Control treatment - two round standard double blind dictator game, dictators' roles were kept constant in both rounds (2) Treatment T1 - consisted from three parts, in part 1 subjects play standard double blind Dictator Game, in part 2 subjects play tend rounds of Public Goods Game with peer punishment, and in part 3 subjects play same standard double blind Dictator Game; dictators' stay in same role in part 1 and part 3. In part 2 , in Public Goods Game was partner treatment with constant group composition.

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Supporting Young Women's Reproductive Health by Harnessing Prosociality Among Drug Shopkeepers

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05525533. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

publicMay 2022View details →

Data from: Delegation to artificial agents fosters prosocial behaviors in the collective risk dilemma

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.