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100 results for “Proteaceae”
Fig. 3. – Virotia azurea H.C. Hopkins & Pillon. A in Virotia azurea (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a striking new species endemic to New Caledonia and notes on V. francii and V. leptophylla
Fig. 3. – Virotia azurea H.C. Hopkins & Pillon. A. Fruit; B. Fruit cut open to reveal the bluish mauve cotyledons. [Photos: G. Gâteblé]
Fig. 1. – Virotia azurea H.C. Hopkins & Pillon. A in Virotia azurea (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a striking new species endemic to New Caledonia and notes on V. francii and V. leptophylla
Fig. 1. – Virotia azurea H.C. Hopkins & Pillon. A. Leaf; B. Apex of a shoot showing the arrangement of leaf bases and the base of an inflorescence axis (*); C. Inflorescence (conflorescence), the flowers post-anthesis; D. A flower-pair immediately prior to anthesis, their peduncle subtended by a minute bract and a small bract present at the base of each pedicel; E. A flower post anthesis, the tepals all helically curled; F. Base of a flower, two tepals removed to show the ovary and the cup-like disc around it; G. Apex of the style, slightly swollen and ridged, forming the pollen presenter; H. Distal part of a tepal, inner surface, with the anther attached; I. Immature fruit, note prominent beak. [A, C, E– H: Gâteblé et al. 87, P; B: Munzinger et al. 1462, P; D: MacKee 15159, P; I: MacKee 46274, P] [Drawing: Andrew Brown]
Fig. 2 in Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica
Fig. 2. – Map showing the distribution of Kermadecia brinoniae H.C. Hopkins & Pillon (open squares) and K. elliptica Brongn. & Gris (solid circles, omitting collections by Vieillard as the localities are imprecise). Areas with ultramafic substrates are shown in grey.
Fig. 4 in Virotia azurea (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a striking new species endemic to New Caledonia and notes on V. francii and V. leptophylla
Fig. 4. – Distribution of Virotia azurea H.C. Hopkins & Pillon in New Caledonia. Areas with ultramafic substrate are shown in grey.
Fig. 1. – Kermadecia brinoniae H.C in Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica
Fig. 1. – Kermadecia brinoniae H.C. Hopkins & Pillon (A–K) and K. elliptica Brongn. & Gris (L–M). A. Vegetative shoot; B. Detail of leaf, abaxial surface, all veins raised except the finest branches, these shown as dotted lines; C. Inflorescence (total length 21.5 cm), showing flowers in pairs; D. Pair of flowers from C, each flower on a free pedicel (apex of axis to the left); E–F. Lateral and ventral view of opened flower with only one tepal remaining, to show the disc; G. Inner face of distal portion of tepal, showing a stamen; H–I. Apical and lateral views of mature fruit; J–K. L.S. and T.S. of mature fruit (black shading = very dense endocarp); L. Leaf, adaxial surface; M. Detail of L, abaxial surface, midrib and secondary veins raised, note numerous small areoles. [A–G: McPherson 1945, P; H– K: MacKee 16339, P; L–M: Vieillard 1106, K] [Drawing: Andrew Brown]
Figure 1 in Euryglossina (Euryglossina) perpusilla (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Euryglossinae) nesting in pre-formed cavities in Bankisa atenuata (Proteaceae)
Figure 1. Nesting holes (preformed) in a branch of a live, yet partially burnt tree of Banksia attenuata Brown located at Star Swamp Reserve, Western Australia. A number of individuals of Euryglossina (Euryglossina) perpusilla Cockerell (Colletidae: Euryglossinae) were observed entering and exiting the holes, and two specimens, both females, were collected on 9 January 2017.
Fig. 7 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Fig. 7. Proteaphila pajori sp. n., ♂: (A) habitus image showing intricately patterned wings with reticulated brown markings, scale bar = 1 mm; (B) head, dorsal view, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (C) thorax, dorsal view, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (D) head, lateral view, scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 6 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Fig. 6. Proteaphila maculosa sp. n., ♂: (A) habitus image showing intricately patterned wings with longitudinal brown markings, scale bar = 1 mm; (B) head, dorsal view, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (C) thorax, dorsal view, scale bar = 1 mm; (D) head, lateral view, scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figs 1, 2 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Figs 1, 2. (1) Proteaphila stuckenbergorum sp. n., dorsal aspect of head, showing deployment of alveoli and postfrontal vittae, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (2A) schematic illustration of thorax (lateral view); (2B) schematic illustration of thoracic vittae; (2C) dorsal view of thorax, scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 14 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Fig. 14. Proteaphila stuckenbergorum sp. n., ♀ terminalia: (A) dorsal view; (B) lateral view; (C–E) abdominal tip, dorsal (C), ventral (D), and lateral (E) views. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 10 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Fig. 10. Proteaphila pajori sp. n., ♂ terminalia: (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) lateral view (note the extremely large, apically recurved aedeagus and bulbous surstyli). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 5 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Fig. 5. Wings of Proteaphila: (A) fumose wing of P. stuckenbergorum sp. n.; (B) reticulate, patterned wing of P. pajori sp. n.; (C) longitudinally marked wing of P. maculosa sp. n.; (D) P. pajori sp. n., apex of right wing showing sapromyziform costa, i.e. stout costal setulae terminating well before apex of R4+5 (fine costal setulae not shown).
Fig. 8 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Fig. 8. Proteaphila stuckenbergorum sp. n., ♂: (A) habitus image showing fumose wings; (B) head, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figs 3, 4 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Figs 3, 4. (3) Schematic illustration of inner ♂ genitalia: (3A) Proteaphila maculosa sp. n., dorsal view; (3B) P. stuckenbergorum sp. n., ventral view; (4) lateral view of the different head shapes: (4A) P. stuckenbergorum sp. n., (4B) P. pajori sp. n., (4C) P. maculosa sp. n.
Fig. 13 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Fig. 13. Proteaphila pajori sp. n., ♀ terminalia: (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 9 in A new genus of lauxaniid fly from South Africa (Diptera: Acalyptratae: Lauxaniidae), associated with proteas (Proteaceae)
Fig. 9. Proteaphila maculosa sp. n., ♂ terminalia: (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Xylomelum occidentale (Proteaceae) accesses relatively mobile soil organic phosphorus without releasing carboxylates
<p>1. Hundreds of Proteaceae species in Australia and South Africa typically grow on phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils, exhibiting a carboxylate-releasing P-mobilising strategy. In the Southwest Australian Biodiversity Hotspot, two <i>Xylomelum </i> (Proteaceae) species are widely distributed, but restricted within that distribution.</p> <p>2. We grew <i>X. occidentale</i> in hydroponics at 1 μM P. Leaves, seeds, rhizosheath and bulk soil were collected in natural habitats.</p> <p>3. <i>Xylomelum occidentale</i> did not produce functional cluster roots and occupied soils that are somewhat less P-impoverished than those in typical Proteaceae habitats in the region. Based on measurements of foliar manganese concentrations (a proxy for rhizosphere carboxylate concentrations) and P fractions in bulk and rhizosheath soil, we conclude that <i>X. occidentale</i> accesses organic P, without releasing carboxylates. Solution <sup>31</sup>P-NMR revealed which organic P forms <i>X. occidentale</i> accessed.</p> <p>4. <i>Xylomelum occidentale</i> uses a strategy that differs fundamentally from that typical in Proteaceae, accessing soil organic P without carboxylates. We surmise that this novel strategy is likely expressed also in co-occurring non-Proteaceae that lack a carboxylate-exuding strategy, and plants in similar habitats. These co-occurring species are unlikely to benefit from mycorrhizal associations, because plant-available soil P concentrations are too low.</p> <p>5. <i>Synthesis.</i> Our findings show the first field evidence of effectively utilising soil organic P by <i>X. occidentale</i> without carboxylate exudation and explain their relatively restricted distribution in an old P-impoverished landscape, contributing to a better understanding of how diverse P-acquisition strategies coexist in a megadiverse ecosystem.</p>
Data from: Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae
<p>The size of plant stomata (adjustable pores that determine uptake of CO<sub>2</sub> and loss of water from leaves) is considered to be evolutionarily important. This study uses fossils from the major southern hemisphere family Proteaceae to test whether stomatal cell size responded to Cenozoic climate change. We measured the length and abundance of guard cells (the cells forming stomata), the area of epidermal pavement cells, stomatal index and maximum stomatal conductance from a comprehensive sample of fossil cuticles of Proteaceae, and extracted published estimates of past temperature and atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. We developed a novel test based on stochastic modelling of trait evolution to test correlations among traits. Guard cell length increased, and stomatal density decreased significantly with decreasing palaeotemperature. However, contrary to expectations, stomata tended to be smaller and more densely packed at higher atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Thus, associations between stomatal traits and paleoclimate over the last 70 MY in Proteaceae suggest that stomatal size is significantly affected by environmental factors other than atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Guard cell length, pavement cell area, stomatal density, stomatal index covaried in ways consistent with coordinated development of leaf tissues.</p>
Data from: Isolation by distance and isolation by environment contribute to population differentiation in Protea repens (Proteaceae L.), a widespread South African species
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa is renowned for its botanical diversity, but the evolutionary origins of this diversity remain controversial. Both neutral and adaptive processes have been implicated in driving diversification, but population-level studies of plants in the CFR are rare. Here, we investigate the limits to gene flow and potential environmental drivers of selection in Protea repens L. (Proteaceae L.), a widespread CFR species. METHODS: We sampled 19 populations across the range of P. repens and used genotyping by sequencing to identify 2066 polymorphic loci in 663 individuals. We used a Bayesian FST outlier analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) marking genomic regions that may be under selection; we used those SNPs to identify potential drivers of selection and excluded them from analyses of gene flow and genetic structure. RESULTS: A pattern of isolation by distance suggested limited gene flow between nearby populations. The populations of P. repens fell naturally into two or three groupings, which corresponded to an east-west split. Differences in rainfall seasonality contributed to diversification in highly divergent loci, as do barriers to gene flow that have been identified in other species. CONCLUSIONS: The strong pattern of isolation by distance is in contrast to the findings in the only other widespread species in the CFR that has been similarly studied, while the effects of rainfall seasonality are consistent with well-known patterns. Assessing the generality of these results will require investigations of other CFR species.
Fig. 1 from: Olde, Peter (2021) Grevillea trichantha, a third species with hairy flowers in the Triloba Group (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae: Hakeinae) from the Marchagee Track, south-west Western Australia. Telopea: 24 303-309 https://doi.org/10.7751/telopea15325
<p>a. Flowering branchlet of Grevillea trichantha. b. New growth of Grevillea trichantha. c. Grevillea trichantha in natural habitat. Photos: a, c by P.M. Olde; b by I. Gilmour.</p>
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