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67 results for “Protected and conserved areas”
Navigating protected areas networks for improving diffusion of conservation practices
<p>The Natura 2000 protected area network is the cornerstone of European Union's biodiversity conservation strategy. These protected areas range across multiple biogeographic regions, and they include a diversity of species assemblages along with a diversity of managing organizations, altogether making difficult to pool relevant sites to facilitate the flow of knowledge significant to their management. Here we introduce an approach to navigating protected area networks that has the potential to foster systematic identification of key sites for facilitating the exchange of knowledge and diffusion of information within the network. To demonstrate our approach, we abstractly represented Romanian Natura 2000 network as a co-occurrence network, with individual sites as nodes and shared species as edges, further combining into our analysis network topology, community detection, and network reduction methods. We identified most representative Natura 2000 sites that may increase the transfer of information within the national network of protected areas, detected clusters of sites and key sites for maintaining network cohesiveness, and highlighted the subsample of sites that retain the characteristics of the entire network. Our analysis provides implications for protected area prioritization by proposing a network perspective approach to collaboration rooted in ecological principles.</p>
Data for "Future global mangrove losses and the key role of protected areas in their conservation"
<p>Content (spatial resolution, data info)</p> <ol> <li>Mangrove table input to the machine learning model (1 table)</li> <li>Results of mangrove cumulative loss proportion under SSP1 and SPP5 scenarios (1km, 1 ZIP)</li> <li>All processing R codes can be accessed: https://github.com/2pangp/Mangrove-TidalFlat_Distribution</li> </ol>
Fig. 1 in Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Fig. 1. Political map of Valle del Cauca (Colombia). North: El Águila (AGL), El Cairo (CR), Ansermanuevo (ASN), Argelia (ARG), Cartago (CTG), Ulloa (ULA), Alcalá (ACL), Toro (TR), Versalles (VRSL), Obando (OBD), La Unión (UN), El Dovio (DV), Roldanillo (RDNL), La Victoria (VTR), Zarzal (ZRZ), Bolívar (BLV); East: Sevilla (SVL), Caicedonia (CDN); Middle: Bugalagrande (BGG), Trujillo (TJL), Andalucía (ADL), Rio Frio (RF), Tuluá (TL), San Pedro (S/PD), Yotoco (YTC), Darién (DR), Buga (BG), Guacarí (GCR), Ginebra (GNB), Vijes (VJ), Restrepo (RTP), Cumbre (CMB), El Cerrito (CRT); South: Palmira (PMR), Yumbo (YMB), Cali (CL), Candelaria (CDR), Pradera (PDR), Florida (FRD), Jamundí (JMD); West: Buenaventura (B/tura), Dagua (DG).
Fig. 6 in Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Fig. 6. Endemic species listed according to (A) threat category, and (B) by protected areas in Valle del Cauca.
Fig. 3 in Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Fig. 3. Distribution maps for the richness of herpetofauna in the most documented areas in Valle del Cauca. (A) richness, (B) NT species, (C) VU species, (D) EN species, (E) CR species, and (F) DD species.
Fig. 5 in Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Fig. 5. The herpetofauna of Valle del Cauca according to (A) the type of protected area, and (B) species with some degree of threat in each type of protected area.
Fig. 2 in Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Fig. 2. Threat status of the percentage of herpetofaunal species in Valle de Cauca: (A) = Amphibians, (B) = Reptiles.
Fig. 4 in Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Fig. 4. Municipalities in Valle del Cauca with the greatest number of species in the threat categories: (A) Buenaventura, (B) Dagua, (C) Cali, (D) Darién, (E) El Cairo, and (F) La Cumbre.
Fig. 4 in Conservation importance of Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area, Laos, for small carnivores based on camera trap data
Fig. 4. Distribution of camera-trap records for Mustelidea and Herpestidea in Nakai-Nam Theun NPA from 2006–2011.
Fig. 3 in Conservation importance of Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area, Laos, for small carnivores based on camera trap data
Fig. 3. Distribution of camera-trap records for Viverridae and linsang in Nakai-Nam Theun NPA from 2006–2011.
Fig. 2 in Conservation importance of Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area, Laos, for small carnivores based on camera trap data
Fig. 2. Total survey effort (in camera trap days) per month over the 2006–2011 survey period (bars) and relative species encounter rate (i.e., total independent photos of small carnivore spp./total camera trap day for the month). Relative encounter rates were highest during the warmest and well-surveyed months—peaks are observed in March (start of the warm season) and October (still within the warm season). Despite high survey effort in January and December (cold season), encounter rates were low.
Fig. 1 in Conservation importance of Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area, Laos, for small carnivores based on camera trap data
Fig. 1. Camera-trap sampling effort within Nakai–Nam Theun NPA in 2006–2011 (c.f. Table 1; Johnson et al., 2007) at 10 survey blocks; in chronological order of survey: (1) Khamkeut – Nam San; (2) Nam On – Boualapha; (3) Nam On – Gnomalath; (4) Khamkeut – Thong Pae; (5) Nam Chae – Makfuang; (6) Nam Chae – Navang; (7) Phou Vang – Houay Nam Heuy; (8) Thong Xet; (9) Nam Mon – Thongkacheng; (10) Nam Theun – reservoir.
Data from: Extending full protection inside existing marine protected areas or reducing fishing effort outside can reconcile conservation and fisheries goals
<p>1. Most fish stocks worldwide are fished at maximum sustainable yield (MSY) or overfished, as many fisheries management strategies have failed to achieve sustainable fishing. Identifying effective fisheries management strategies has now become urgent.</p> <p>2. Here, we developed a spatially-explicit metapopulation model accounting for population connectivity in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, and parameterized it for three ecologically and economically important coastal fish species: the white seabream <i>Diplodus sargus</i>, the two-banded seabream <i>Diplodus vulgaris</i> and the dusky grouper <i>Epinephelus marginatus</i>.</p> <p>3. We used the model to assess how stock biomass and catches respond to changes in fishing mortality rate (<i>F</i>) and in the size of fully protected areas within the existing system of multiple-use marine protected areas (MPAs). For each species, we estimated MSY and the corresponding values of stock biomass (<i>B</i><sub>MSY</sub>) and fishing mortality rate (<i>F</i><sub>MSY</sub>), providing crucial reference points for the assessment of fisheries management.</p> <p>4. <i>D. sargus</i> is currently in low overfishing, while <i>D. vulgaris</i> and <i>E. marginatus</i> are in high overfishing. Stock recovery to <i>B</i><sub>MSY</sub> for the last two species requires a reduction of current <i>F</i> around 50%. This would guarantee an increase in both stock biomass (around 50 and 75% for <i>D. vulgaris</i> and <i>E. marginatus</i>, respectively) and catch (around 15 and 30%) after a transient time of ~15–30 years. Alternatively, doubling the size of fully protected areas over fishable areas within the existing network of MPAs would lead to positive conservation effects for all three species without substantially affecting the overall productivity of the fishery and the total economic value of the catch.</p> <p>5. <i>Synthesis and applications.</i> We provide the first assessment of stock status for three coastal species in the north-western Mediterranean and evaluate the ecological and fisheries outcomes of different management strategies. Extending full protection inside existing multiple-use marine protected areas or reducing fishing effort outside can deliver both conservation and fisheries benefits.</p>
Conservation opportunities through improved management of recently established protected areas in Southeast Asia
<p> </p> <ul> <li>The 'Table_PA_info' contains information on all 80 Protected Areas analyzed in this study.</li> <li>The 'Synth_plots' includes synthetic control model fits for all 80 Protected Areas analyzed in this study. The number displayed on the top-left of each plot corresponds to the WDPA-ID of the respective protected area. For further details on each protected area, please refer to the 'Table_PA_info' document.</li> <li>The 'placebos' document consists of placebo test plots. The number on the top-left of each plot indicates the WDPA-ID of the protected area. Refer to the 'Table_PA_info' document for more information on each protected area.</li> </ul>
Supplementary material 1 from: Virkkala R, Rajasärkkä A (2012) Preserving species populations in the boreal zone in a changing climate: contrasting trends of bird species groups in a protected area network. Nature Conservation 3: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.3.3635
Mean densities and number of observations of species in 1981–1999 and in 2000–2009
Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">For successful conservation of biodiversity, it is vital to know whether protected areas in increasingly fragmented landscapes effectively conserve species. However, how large habitat fragments must be and what level of protection is required to sustain species, remains poorly known. We compiled a global dataset on almost 2000 bird species in 741 forest fragments varying in size and protection status, and show that protection is associated with higher bird occurrence, especially for threatened species. Protection becomes increasingly important with increasing size of forest fragments. For forest fragments >50 ha our results show that strict protection (IUCN cat. I-IV) is strongly associated with higher bird occurrences, whereas fragments should be at least 175 ha to observe a positive effect of moderate protection (cat. V-VI). This meta-analysis quantifies the importance of fragment size, protection status, and their interaction for the conservation of bird species communities, and stresses that protection should not be limited to large pristine areas.</p>
A dark side of conservation biology: protected areas fail in representing subterranean biodiversity. Databases.
<p>We obtained distribution data for leiodids by digitizing the information provided by Fresneda and Salgado (2017). This information was updated and expanded with additional data from several sampling campaigns (unpublished data). For subterranean spiders, we included the entirety of the Alps range extending from France in the east westward through Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia, by integrating available data in Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Spider of Europe), Araneae.it and other literature sources.</p>
Data for: Beyond Protected Areas: The importance of mixed-use landscapes for the conservation of Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus)
<p>Elephants were once widely distributed across the Indonesian island of Sumatra but now exist in small, isolated populations. Using the best data currently available on elephant occurrence, we mapped suitable habitat for elephants on Sumatra (<em>Elephas maximus sumatranus</em>). We used direct sightings and indirect observations of elephant signs, as well as six remotely-sensed proxies of surface ruggedness, vegetation productivity and structure, and human land use and disturbance, to model habitat suitability in a Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment. We validated the habitat suitability prediction using an independent geolocation dataset collected from global positioning system (GPS) collars fitted on elephants, and also assessed the functional connectivity between known elephant population ranges by deriving a resistance surface for Circuitscape from this prediction. Thirty-two percent (135,646 km<sup>2</sup>) of Sumatra's land area was predicted to be suitable habitat, with 43 patches of suitable habitat located across Sumatra. Areas with high connectivity were concentrated in the Riau and North Sumatra provinces. Though our analysis highlights the need to improve the quality of data collected on Sumatran elephants, it suggests that more suitable habitat remains on Sumatra than is used by known populations. Targeted habitat conservation, especially of the suitable habitat in and by the Lamno, Balai Raja, Tesso Tenggara, Tesso Utara, Bukit Tigapuluh, Seblat, Padang Sugihan, and Bukit Barisan Selatan ranges, may improve the long-term viability of the critically endangered species.</p>
Identifying Mozambique's most critical areas for plant conservation: An evaluation of protected areas and important plant areas
<p>Successful protected area networks must represent biodiversity across taxonomic groups. However, too often plant species are overlooked in conservation planning, and the resulting protected areas may, as a result, fail to encompass the most important sites for plant diversity. The Mozambique Tropical Important Plant Areas project sought to promote the conservation of Mozambique's flora through the identification of Important Plant Areas (IPAs). Here, we use the Weighted Endemism including Global Endangerment (WEGE) index to identify the richest areas for rare and endemic plants in Mozambique and subsequently evaluate how well represented these hotspots are within the current protected area and IPA networks. We also examine the congruence between IPA and protected areas to identify opportunities for strengthening the conservation of plants in Mozambique. We found that high WEGE scores, representing areas rich in endemic/near‐endemic and threatened species, predict the presence of IPAs in Mozambique, but do not predict the presence of protected areas. We also find that there is limited overlap between IPAs and protected areas in Mozambique. We demonstrate how IPAs could be an important tool for ensuring priority sites for plant diversity are included within protected area network expansions, particularly following the adoption of the "30 by 30" target agreed within the post‐2020 Convention on Biological Diversity framework, with great potential for this method to be replicated elsewhere in the global tropics.</p>
Data from: Extending full protection inside existing marine protected areas or reducing fishing effort outside can reconcile conservation and fisheries goals
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