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12 results for “Protoconites”
FIGURE 8 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 8. The ordinary least-squares linear regression of the shape of mirrored Protoconites minor with log10- transformed centroid size. Characteristic specimens are shown in thin-plate splines corresponding to the shapes of specimens in RW 1–2 plane.
FIGURE 9 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 9. The ordinary least-squares linear regression of the shape of straight-shelled Protoconites minor with log10- transformed centroid size. Characteristic specimens are shown in thin-plate splines corresponding to the shapes of specimens in RW 1–2 plane.
FIGURE 10 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 10. Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation showing morphological variance during the ontogeny. Size of these specimens increases from right to left and from top to bottom. 1. No. Y-596 (2)- 2; 2. No. Y-735A (20)-2; 3. No. Y-800A (19)-2; 4. No. Y-469B (5); 5. No. Y-581 (2); 6. No. Y-134 (10); 7. No. Y-523; 8. No. Y-1236 (2); 9. No. Y-29; 10. No. Y-617A (4)-3; 11. No. Y-558A (17); 12. No. Y-141A (19)-1; 13. No. Y-558A (33); 14. No. Y-617A (2); 15. No. Y-546A (2); 16. No. Y-732A (20); 17. No. Y-142A (8)-1; 18. No. Y-816A (4); 19. No. Y-1230A (45); 20. No. Y-425A (2); 21. No. Y-561A (5); 22. No. Y-567 (2); 23. No. Y-732A (32)-1; 24. No. Y-173A (4); 25. No. Y-1227A (10); 26. No. Y-51A (2); 27. No. Y-24B (2). "Y" means the locality of the fossils from Yangjiachong section.
FIGURE 7 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 7. Morphospace of straight shell Protoconites minor generated by the Relative Warp (RW) analysis. 1. plot for RW 1–2; 2. plot for RW 1–3. All thin-plate splines correspond to the shapes of specimens in RW 1–2 and RW 1–3 planes, respectively.
FIGURE 6 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 6. Protoconites minor morphospace generated by the Relative Warp (RW) analysis using mirrored specimens. 1. plot for RW 1–2; 2. plot for RW 1–3. All thin-plate splines correspond to points (indicated as a line) within the morphospace in RW 1–2 and RW 1–3 planes, respectively.
FIGURE 5 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 5. Protoconites minor morphospace generated by the Relative Warp (RW) analysis using un-mirrored specimens with indication of characteristic thin-plate splines. 1. plot for RW 1–2; 2. plot for RW 1–3. Thin-plate splines show the shapes of specimens in RW 1–2 and RW 1–3 planes, respectively.
FIGURE 4 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 4. Histogram showing the size spectra of Protoconites minor. 1. size distribution of all specimens analyzed in this study; 2. size distribution without laterally bended specimens.
FIGURE 2 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 2. Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Yichang, Hubei, China. 1. No. Y-24B (2); 2. No. Y-41A (5)-1; 3. No. Y-765A (3); 4. No. Y-127B (1); 5. No. Y-28 (2); 6. No. CH-179A (3); 7. No. Y-273A (1); 8. No. Y-41A (14); 9. No. Y-445 (2); 10. No. Y-494 (2)-2; 11. No. Y-40A (11); 12. No. Y-1234 (3); 13. No. Y-844A (2); 14. No. Y-785 (2); 15. No. Y-40B (9)-1; 16. No. Y-880 (6); 17. No. Y-596 (2)-1; 18. No. Y-531 (3)-2. "CH" means the locality of the fossils from Dingjiaping section, "Y" means the locality of the fossils from Yangjiachong section.
FIGURE 3 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 3. Definition of landmarks and semi-landmarks and the result of superimposition. 1. and 2. landmarks and semi-landmarks set on both straight and laterally bent specimens. Type II landmarks are 1, 2, and 3, and sliding semilandmarks are 4–34 in 1. and 2.; 3. consensus configuration after superimposition using Generalized Procrustes Analysis.
FIGURE 1 in Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
FIGURE 1. Locality and stratigraphy of the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Yichang, Hubei Province, China. 1. Sketch map of the People's Republic of China, showing the position of the collecting locality in Hubei Province; 2. Simplified geological sketch map of the Three Gorges area, Hubei Province, South China, showing the outcrops of Cambrian strata. Red boxes around 3 (Yanjiahe area) and 4 (Dingjiaping area) denote areas that are enlarged for additional detail; 3. Detailed geological sketch map of the Yanjiahe area, showing the outcrops of the Yanjiahe Formation; 4. Detailed geological sketch map of the Dingjiaping area, showing the outcrops of the Yanjiahe Formation. (In 3 and 4 map: White = Ediacaran Dengying Formation; Pink and light green = Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation; Yellow and light blue = the Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation; Green = Cambrian Shipai Formation; Black triangles indicate locations of measured stratigraphic sections) 5. Stratigraphic sequence of Lower Cambrian strata in the Gunziao section, Three Gorge area, indicating the horizons where fossils were collected.
Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
<p>The Ediacaran to Cambrian transition is a critical interval of time during which major evolutionary changes occurred. Recently, abundant <em>Protoconites minor</em> have been recovered from the silty shales of the lower Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation (Terreneuvian, Fortunian – Stage 2) in the Three Gorges area of South China. These fossils represent an important ecological diversification of macroscopic organisms at the onset of the Cambrian. <em>Protoconites minor</em> is a probable cnidarian-grade organism preserved by carbon compression. Herein, geometric morphometric analyses are applied to crack out specimens of <em>P. minor</em> to reveal any cryptic morphological details that may have implications for their morphological diversity, ontogenetic processes, and taxonomic identification. These statistical analyses reveal a strong relationship between size and shape, which indicates that the overall shape of <em>P. minor</em> was mainly controlled by allometric growth. The smaller specimens are generally wider at the anterior, and more commonly have straight-sides. Larger individuals tend to be narrower at the anterior, with bending more common. Our analyses demonstrate that there are transitional forms between larger, strongly bent specimens and smaller, straight specimens, suggesting that the assemblage likely consists of a single species.</p>
Geometric morphometric analysis of Protoconites minor from the Cambrian (Terreneuvian) Yanjiahe Formation in Three Gorges, South China
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