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Fig. 14. The provannid gastropod Provanna antiqua Squires, 1995 in Mollusks and a crustacean from early Oligocene methane-seep deposits in the Talara Basin, northern Peru

Fig. 14. The provannid gastropod Provanna antiqua Squires, 1995, from early Oligocene seep deposits at Cerro La Salina (block 1, A, F; block 4, H; block 6, B, C, D, G; block 8, E), Talara Basin, northern Peru. A. NRM Mo187044, specimen with distinctive axial and spiral sculpture, in abapertural view. B. NRM Mo187045, specimen with distinctive sculpture and showing the basal groove, in apertural view. C. NRM Mo187046, specimen with weak axial sculpture in the upper whorl, in apertural view. D. NRM Mo187047, fragmentary specimen with mainly spiral sculpture, in apertural view. E. NRM Mo187048, nearly smooth specimen showing slightly sinuous growth lines, in apertural view. F. NRM Mo187049, specimen with small shoulder and sculpture mainly in upper part of whorls, in apertural view. G. NRM Mo187050, specimen with faint axial and spiral sculpture, in apertural view. H. NRM Mo187051, two specimens with small shoulder and sculpture mainly in upper part of whorls..

Fig. 2 in Miocene abyssochrysoid gastropod Provanna from Japanese seep and whale-fall sites

Fig. 2. Abyssochrysoid gastropod Provanna hirokoae sp. nov., uppermost Middle Miocene Ogaya Formation (locality 3), Japan. A. Holotype, JUE 15901; apertural (A 1), adapertural (A 2), and apical (A 3) views. B. Paratype, JUE 15902-1; adapertural (B 1), oblique adapertural (B 2), and apical (B 3) views. C. Paratype, JUE 15902-2, apertural view. D. Paratype, JUE 15902-3; adapertural (D 1) and apical (D 2) views. E. Paratype, JUE 15902-4; apertural (E 1), adapertural (E ), and apical (E ) views.

Fig. 1 in Miocene abyssochrysoid gastropod Provanna from Japanese seep and whale-fall sites

Fig. 1. Localities of Miocene Provanna in Japan. 1, Shosanbetsu whale-fall site; 2, Rekifune whale-fall site; 3, Kuroiwa hydrocarbon seep site.

Fig. 4 in Miocene abyssochrysoid gastropod Provanna from Japanese seep and whale-fall sites

Fig. 4. Abyssochrysoid gastropod Provanna sp., Middle Miocene Nupinai Formation (locality 2). Silicone rubber moulds coated with ammonium chloride. A. JUE 15846-1, apertural view. B. JUE 15846-2, adapertural oblique view.

Fig. 3 in Miocene abyssochrysoid gastropod Provanna from Japanese seep and whale-fall sites

Fig. 3. Abyssochrysoid gastropod Provanna alexi sp. nov., lower Middle Miocene Chikubetsu Formation (locality 1), Japan. A. Holotype, JUE 15904; apertural (A1), adapertural (A2), oblique adapertural (A3), and apical (A4) views. B. Paratype, JUE 15905-1; apertural (B1), oblique adapertural (B2), adapertural (B3), and apical (B4) views. C. Paratype, JUE 15905-2; apertural (C1) and apical (C2) views. D. Paratype, JUE 15905-3; apertural (D1) and apical D2) views.

Figure 7 from: Betters MJ, Cordes EE (2024) New records of Provanna (Gastropoda, Provannidae) from the Costa Rica Margin and an identification key for the genus. ZooKeys 1189: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.109734

Figure 7 Bayesian topology of Abyssochrysoid gastropod mollusks A topology based on a 449 bp region of the mitochondrial CO1 gene. Topology was inferred using the HKY+G+I substitution model B topology based on a 266 bp region of the nuclear H3 gene. Novel sequences are bolded and highlighted in yellow. Numbers above branch nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities. Numbers below branch nodes represent the proportion of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10,000 replicates). Only values above 50% are shown. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths representing the number of base substitutions accumulated over time.

Figure 5 from: Betters MJ, Cordes EE (2024) New records of Provanna (Gastropoda, Provannidae) from the Costa Rica Margin and an identification key for the genus. ZooKeys 1189: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.109734

Figure 5 Representative radulae of Costa Rican Provanna species AP. laevis from mussel shells BP. laevis from unknown substrate CP. ios from mussel shells DP. ios from unknown substrate E, FP. pacifica from wood. Scale bars: 20 µm (F); 30 µm (E); 40 µm (C); 50 µm (A, B, D).

Figure 4 from: Betters MJ, Cordes EE (2024) New records of Provanna (Gastropoda, Provannidae) from the Costa Rica Margin and an identification key for the genus. ZooKeys 1189: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.109734

Figure 4 Provanna morphotypes sampled from the CRMA, BP. laevis from mussel shells, Mound 12, AD4917, 965 m C, DP. ios from unknown substrate, Jaco Scar, SD214, 1803 m E Specimens of P. pacifica from sunken wood, Mound 11, AD4988, 1017 m F Specimen of P. cf. lomana from mussel shells, Quepos Seep, AD4924, 1413 m. Both the dorsal and ventral view of each shell is shown. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 1 from: Betters MJ, Cordes EE (2024) New records of Provanna (Gastropoda, Provannidae) from the Costa Rica Margin and an identification key for the genus. ZooKeys 1189: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.109734

Figure 1 Map of the Costa Rica Margin A overview of the Costa Rica continental shelf with hydrocarbon seep sites labelled B close-up view of the sites Mound 12 and Mound 11, which appear overlapping in the larger map. Bottom bathymetry is demarcated by black lines every 250 m.

Figure 2 from: Betters MJ, Cordes EE (2024) New records of Provanna (Gastropoda, Provannidae) from the Costa Rica Margin and an identification key for the genus. ZooKeys 1189: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.109734

Figure 2 Visual definitions of morphological characters and measurements used in the study A shell morphological characters B informative measurements assessed for our own specimens C radular terminology and morphological characters. Abbreviations: SW: Shell Width, SL: Truncated Shell Length, GL: Maximum Granule Length, AL: Aperture Length, AW: Aperture Width.

Figure 8 from: Betters MJ, Cordes EE (2024) New records of Provanna (Gastropoda, Provannidae) from the Costa Rica Margin and an identification key for the genus. ZooKeys 1189: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.109734

Figure 8 Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Provanna based on a 452 bp region of the mitochondrial CO1 gene. Novel sequences are bolded and highlighted in yellow. Topology was inferred using the HKY+G+I substitution model. Numbers above branch nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities. Numbers below branch nodes represent the proportion of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (10,000 replicates). Only values above 50 are shown. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths representing the number of base substitutions accumulated over time.

Figure 6 from: Betters MJ, Cordes EE (2024) New records of Provanna (Gastropoda, Provannidae) from the Costa Rica Margin and an identification key for the genus. ZooKeys 1189: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.109734

Figure 6 A the four morphotypes sampled B–F comparison of morphological traits among each morphotype. The number of individuals represented on the graph and included in one-way ANOVAs are denoted by "n =" above or below each bar. Resultant p-values from one-way ANOVAs are denoted above each graph (p-value: 0 < *** < 0.001 < ** < 0.01 < * 0.05). Provanna cf. lomana was excluded from all ANOVAs due to the small number of individuals, but is included here for graphical comparison. Note that the graphs of Shell Roundness E and Aperture Roundness F have y-axes that do not start at zero. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 3 from: Betters MJ, Cordes EE (2024) New records of Provanna (Gastropoda, Provannidae) from the Costa Rica Margin and an identification key for the genus. ZooKeys 1189: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.109734

Figure 3 . Examples of Provanna shell morphological variety AP. kuroshimensis, no sculpturing, growth lines present, flattened suture B–F constricted suture: BP. cooki, spiral sculpture only, no sculptural elements CP. chevalieri, axial sculpture only, no sculptural elements D–F both axial and spiral sculpturing: DP. fenestrata, sculptures about equal in strength, no sculptural elements EP. clathrata, axial sculpture stronger than spiral, blunt, sloping nodules FP. reticulata, spiral sculpture stronger than axial, minor spines.