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29 results for “Pseudocercospora”
Revisiting the historical scenario of a disease dissemination using genetic data and Approximate Bayesian Computation methodology: the case of Pseudocercospora fijiensis invasion in Africa
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The reconstruction of geographic and demographic scenarios of dissemination for invasive pathogens of crops is a key step towards improving the management of emerging infectious diseases. Nowadays, the reconstruction of biological invasions typically uses the information of both genetic and historical information to test for different hypotheses of colonization. The Approximate Bayesian Computation framework and its recent Random Forest development (ABC-RF) have been successfully used in evolutionary biology to decipher multiple histories of biological invasions. Yet, for some organisms, typically plant pathogens, historical data may not be reliable notably because of the difficulty to identify the organism and the delay between the introduction and the first mention. We investigated the history of the invasion of Africa by the fungal pathogen of banana, <em>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</em>, by testing the historical hypothesis against other plausible hypotheses. We analysed the genetic structure of eight populations from six eastern and western African countries, using 20 microsatellite markers, and tested competing scenarios of population foundation using the ABC-RF methodology. We do find evidence for an invasion front consistent with the historical hypothesis, but also for the existence of another front never mentioned in historical records. We question the historical introduction point of the disease on the continent. Crucially, our results illustrate that even if ABC-RF inferences may sometimes fail to infer a single, well-supported scenario of invasion, they can be helpful in rejecting unlikely scenarios, which can prove much useful to shed light on disease dissemination routes.</span></p>
Revisiting the historical scenario of a disease dissemination using genetic data and Approximate Bayesian Computation methodology: the case of Pseudocercospora fijiensis invasion in Africa
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GC-MS metabolite profile of Pseudocercospora fijiensis exposed to thiabendazole
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FIGURE 4 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India
FIGURE 4. Molecular Phylogenetic analysis of Pseudocercospora crotalariigena sp. nov. (AMH:10041 Holotype; NFCCI:4441 ex type): Batesian tree from LSU, ITS, ACT and TEF1α. Numbers on the branches are bootstrap values for Mega 5 Maximum likelihood (ML) and Mega 5 maximum parsimony and Bayesian posterior probability (PP). Pallidocercospora heimii and Coremiopassalora eucalypti are out groups.
FIGURE 2 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India
FIGURE 2. Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola sp.nov. (Holotype AMH: 10139) a–p Conidia. q–s Fascicles of conidiophores. Scale bars: 20 µm.
FIGURE 1. a in Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India
FIGURE 1. a Habit of the host plant (Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth.ex Kurz. b–c Symptoms on upper and lower surfaces of leaf. d Transverse Section through infection spots of leaf showing fungal colonies on lower surfaces. e Fungal culture on Potato dextrose Agar. f Fungal culture on Oatmeal Agar.
FIGURE 3. Scanning Electron Micrographs a–b in Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India
FIGURE 3. Scanning Electron Micrographs a–b Fascicles of conidiophores arising from stomata of leaf of the host plant. c Conidia attached to conidiophores (showing arrow). d Fascicle of conidiophores showing conidiogenous cells (showing arrow). Scale bars: a–c= 10 µm, d=2µm.
FIGURE 6. Pseudocercospora pteridophytophila. a. Host with leaf spots. b in Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan
FIGURE 6. Pseudocercospora pteridophytophila. a. Host with leaf spots. b. Single leaf spot with epiphyllous fascicles of conidiophores. c. Hypophyllous fascicle of conidiophores arising through a stoma (R. Kirschner 3756). d. Transversal leaf section showing internal hyphae and an epiphyllous fascicle of conidiophores arising from an intraepidermal stroma (R. Kirschner 3602). e. Conidiophores (R. Kirschner 3756). f. Conidia (R. Kirschner 3602). Scale bars: c, e = 10 µm, d, f = 20 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 9. Pseudocercospora sp. B. a–b. Leaf spots. c–d. Fasciculate conidiophores. e–g. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 10. Pseudocercospora vitis. a in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 10. Pseudocercospora vitis. a. Leaf spots on upper and lower leaf surface. b, c. Synnematal fascicles with conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. d–g. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 8. Pseudocercospora sp. A. a. Leaf spots. b–e. Fasciculate conidiophores with some conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. f–j. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 4. Pseudocercospora mazandaranensis. a. Leaf spots. b in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 4. Pseudocercospora mazandaranensis. a. Leaf spots. b. Close-up of leaf spot with fruiting. c–d. Fasciculate conidiophores. e. Branched conidiophores. f–i. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 7. Pseudocercospora sophoricola. a. Leaf spots. b. Globular stromata. c–e in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 7. Pseudocercospora sophoricola. a. Leaf spots. b. Globular stromata. c–e. Fasciculate conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. f–l. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 6. Pseudocercospora punicae. a, b. Leaf spots. c. Fruit spot. d–f. Fasciculate conidiophores. g–i in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 6. Pseudocercospora punicae. a, b. Leaf spots. c. Fruit spot. d–f. Fasciculate conidiophores. g–i. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 3. Pseudocercospora atromarginalis. a in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 3. Pseudocercospora atromarginalis. a. Leaf spots on upper and lower leaf surface. b–c. Fasciculate conidiophores. d–g. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 5. Pseudocercospora norchiensis. a. Leaf spots. b–c. Fasciculate conidiophores. d–g in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 5. Pseudocercospora norchiensis. a. Leaf spots. b–c. Fasciculate conidiophores. d–g. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 2. A in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 2. A Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree of 59 isolates of Pseudocercospora. The tree was built using concatenated sequences of the ITS, ACT and TEF1-α loci, each with a separate model of DNA evolution. Species clades from Iran are indicated in green coloured blocks and species names in black text. Culture accession numbers are listed along with host plant (orange text) and place of origin (dark blue text). The tree was rooted to Passalora eucalypti (CBS 111318). Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 are indicated with colourcoded branches and scale bar indicates number of expected changes per site.
FIGURE 1 in Multi-gene analysis of Pseudocercospora spp. from Iran
FIGURE 1. Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 2 002 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of LSU sequence alignment using MrBayes v.3.2.1. The scale bar indicates 0.1 expected changes per site. Hosts and place of origin of the isolates in this study are indicated in orange and dark blue text, respectively. The tree was rooted to Cladosporium herbarum (GenBank accession DQ678074).
FIGURE 2 in Morphology and phylogeny of a new species, Pseudocercospora haldinae (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Haldina cordifolia from India
FIGURE 2. Ex-type culture of Pseudocercospora haldinae (NFCCI 4806) on PDA after 6 weeks at 25±5°C. a. Top view. b. Reverse view. c, d. Mycelia.
FIGURE 4 in Morphology and phylogeny of a new species, Pseudocercospora haldinae (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Haldina cordifolia from India
FIGURE 4. Microphotographs of Pseudocercospora haldinae (AMH 10214, holotype). a–i. Different forms of conidia. j, k. Ramoconidia. l–o. Catenation in conidia. p. Germinating conidium. Scale bars a = 20 µm, b–p = 10 µm.
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