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FIGURE 2 in A species continuum exists between Pseudomallada prasinus and P. abdominalis (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 2. Sulfurhead male Pp1 from Cipressa, Italy, with yellow vertex and barely visible brown subantennal suture. White face (clypeus, frons, scape), costal cross veins 50% dark.

FIGURE 5 in A species continuum exists between Pseudomallada prasinus and P. abdominalis (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 5. Number of setal pairs on longest costal cross veins. Upper graphs: Number of setal pairs in non-furwing males and females (Pp1, yellow strain) and furwing males and non-furwing females of Pp2 (green strain). Lower graphs: Number of setal pairs in hybrids between Pp1 females and Pp2 males (left) as well as between Pp2 females and Pp1 males (right). Hybrid males have intermediate numbers, independent of their parental males.

FIGURE 3 A–G. A in A species continuum exists between Pseudomallada prasinus and P. abdominalis (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 3 A–G. A. Sulfurhead male Pp1, frontal view, with white face (clypeus, frons, scape) and a reddish brown subantennal suture. B. Female Pp2 (green strain), frontal view, with white face (clypeus, frons, scape) and a reddish brown subantennal suture. C. Female Pp2 (red strain) with white face (clypeus, frons, scape) and a reddish brown subantennal suture. D. Male Pp3 (orange strain), frontal view, with green face (clypeus, frons, scape), subantennal suture not colored. E. Female Pp3 (pink strain) with green face (clypeus, frons, scape), subantennal suture not colored. F. Female Pp3 (pink strain), frontal view, with green face (clypeus, frons, scape), subantennal suture not colored. G. Male Pp3 (black strain), frontal view, with green face (clypeus, frons, scape), subantennal suture not colored.

FIGURE 4 in A species continuum exists between Pseudomallada prasinus and P. abdominalis (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 4. Third instar (L3) larvae, showing ventral surfaces. Right: Diapausing L3 of Pp3 (black strain) with dark lateral markings. Left: Non-diapausing L3 of Pp3 (black strain). Middle: Non-diapausing L3 of Pp1 sulfurhead.

FIGURE 1 A–D. A in A species continuum exists between Pseudomallada prasinus and P. abdominalis (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 1 A–D. A. Furwing male of P. abdominalis from pine trees at Ernen, Switzerland. Costal cross veins and veins surrounding the im cell completely dark. B. Forewing veins of non-furwing Pp1 male (yellow strain) from Follonica, Italy. Longest costal cross veins about 50% dark; im cell surrounded by about 20% dark veins. C. Furwing Pp2 male (green strain) from Agarone, Switzerland, with dense pilosity; im cell surrounded by 10% dark veins. D. Non-furwing Pp3 male (orange strain) from Agarone, Switzerland, with exceptionally dark costal cross veins; im cell surrounded by 40% dark veins.

FIGURE 11 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 11. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) based on 10 factors isolates the "marianus" morph in both sexes from the two other morphs.

FIGURE 6 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 6. Portrait of a "marianus" female without any coloration of the subantennal suture above the black genal stripe.

FIGURE 5 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 5. Different portions of black on the three veins surrounding the intramedian cell (im cell). In im 5 two or three sides contain black or at least speckled parts. Im 6 was observed only in P. abdominalis.

FIGURE 9 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 9. "Sulfurhead" male with yellow vertex and large twin dots (brown and black) on mesothorax. All males in the prasinus group have a broad, almost trapezoid pronotum.

FIGURE 4 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 4. Double number of setae on costal cross veins in "furwing" males (4a), as compared to similar numbers in "nonfurwing" males (4b) and females.

FIGURE 3 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 3. Different portions of black in costal cross veins. Ccv4 is typical for P. ventralis, ccv5 for P. abdominalis and P. zelleri.

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FIGURE 7 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 7. Portrait of a "greenhead" female with a red suture under the antenna.

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FIGURE 8 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 8. Portrait of a "sulfurhead" female with a reddish brown subantennal suture.

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FIGURE 2 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 2. Pseudomallada prasinus (marianus morph), female from Agarone, Ticino, Switzerland.

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FIGURE 12. Adult female P in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 12. Adult female P. prasinus (Faido, Ticino, Switzerland) with pear-shaped black interantennal spot, costal cross veins with a green center part of more than 60%, and an intramedian cell (im cell) surrounded by three mainly white veins. Abdomen without dorsal spots.

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FIGURE 10 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 10. Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. Forewing length (in mm) and portion of dark veins around intramedian (im-) cell (for darkness classes 1–6 see Fig. 5) as main components for separating the "real" P. prasinus from the other morphs. Females: greenhead N = 48, marianus N = 22, sulfurhead N = 20. Males: greenhead N = 46, marianus N = 21, sulfurhead N= 14. No overlap zone in females, small overlap zone in males.

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FIGURE 1 in In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

FIGURE 1. Two sibling larvae of the "marianus" morph, both reared under long day conditions. The larger one developed into a mature L3, while the small one remained in obligatory diapause for six months as a second instar.