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Figure 3 in Pseudoplectania africana (Sarcosomataceae, Pezizales), a new species from South Africa

Figure 3. Pseudoplectania africana – microscopical characters (PRM 954013); A, section of an apothecium († in tap water); B, crystals in hymenium (in tap water); C, crystal freely floating in the mount (in tap water); D, asci with ascospores and paraphyses († in tap water); E, free ascospores (†in tap water); F, ascospore with de Bary bubble († stained with LACB); G, nuclei in ascospores († stained with DAPI); H, two types of paraphyses († in tap water); I, J, hymenial hairs († in tap water); K, bifurcate paraphyse († in tap water); L, ectal excipulum († in tap water); M, medullary excipulum († in tap water); N, external hairs († in tap water); O, basal tomentum († in tap water). Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B, N = 50 µm, C–M, O = 10 µm. Photos: A–F, H–O, Z. Sochorová; G, M. Sedlárová.

Figure 5 in Pseudoplectania africana (Sarcosomataceae, Pezizales), a new species from South Africa

Figure 5. Pseudoplectania spp. – crystals and appearance in UV light; A,E,F, P. nigrella; A, section in UV light (KL BK-4914); E, aggregate of crystals in excipulum (KL BK-4914, in tap water); F, crystals in excipulum (BRNM 728214, in tap water); B, P. lignicola (PRM 954130) – section in UV light; C, P. episphagnum (PRM 954123) – section in UV light; D, P. melaena (BRNM 705053) – section in UV light. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–D = 100 µm, E, F = 10 µm

Figure 4 in Pseudoplectania africana (Sarcosomataceae, Pezizales), a new species from South Africa

Figure 4. Pseudoplectania spp. – crystals and appearance in UV light; A,B, P. africana (PRM 954013) – sections in UV light; C,E,H, P. ericae – C, section in UV light (PRM 954125); E, crystals in hymenium (PRM 954124, in tap water); H, crystals in ectal excipulum (PRM 954124, in tap water); D, F, G, P. tasmanica (MCVE 27583); D, section in UV light; F, crystals in hymenium (in tap water); G, section of the apothecium (in tap water). Scale bars: A–D, G = 100 µm; E, F, H = 10 µm

Figure 1 in Pseudoplectania africana (Sarcosomataceae, Pezizales), a new species from South Africa

Figure 1. Bayesian phylogeny inference based on concatenated alignment of LSU and ITS sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown above branches; Urnula craterium serves as an outgroup.

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Figure 2 in Pseudoplectania africana (Sarcosomataceae, Pezizales), a new species from South Africa

Figure 2. Pseudoplectania africana – apothecia in situ (PRM 954013). Photos: Z. Sochorová.

FIGURE 4 in Pseudoplectania mystica (Ascomycota, Pezizales), a new cup fungus with an endophytic habit of a broad range of host plants

FIGURE 4. Crystals in the hymenium of Pseudoplectania mystica (photos by Jia Y. Lin, from holotype HKAS133073). a. Overview of crystals in the hymenium. b. Thicker crystals. c. Thinner crystals. d. Medium-sized crystals. Bars: a = 100 µm, b–d = 20 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Pseudoplectania mystica (Ascomycota, Pezizales), a new cup fungus with an endophytic habit of a broad range of host plants

FIGURE 3. Microscopic structures of Pseudoplectania mystica (drawings by Jia Y. Lin, from holotype HKAS133073). a. Ascospores. b. Ascus with 8 developed ascospores and an invisible operculum. c. Hymenium elements, from left to right: the sporiferous part of an ascus with 8 developed ascospores and an invisible operculum, the sporiferous part of an empty ascus with its operculum opened, 2 hymenial hairs, and 5 paraphyses. d. Medullary excipulum. e. Ectal excipulum. f. External hairs. g. Basal tomenta. Bars: a, c–g = 10 µm, b = 50 µm (f and g sharing same bar).

FIGURE 2 in Pseudoplectania mystica (Ascomycota, Pezizales), a new cup fungus with an endophytic habit of a broad range of host plants

FIGURE 2. The fresh ascomata and habitat of Pseudoplectania mystica (photos by Ling-Han Guo). a–c. Habitat of the specimens—a bamboo forest dominated by a single bamboo species (probably Phyllostachys sp.); the yellow arrows indicate where the ascomata grew. d. Immature ascomata with a blackish hymenial surface growing on dead rhizome roots of bamboo (HTBM1851). e. Immature ascomata with a brownish hymenial surface growing on dead rhizome roots of bamboo (HTBM1853). f. Immature ascoma with a greyish hymenial surface growing on the mossy dead rhizome roots of bamboo (HTBM1854). g. Longitudinal sections of an immature ascoma (L24011). h. Mature ascomata growing on senescing to dead rhizome joints and internodes of bamboo (HKAS133073, holotype). i. Mature ascomata growing on mossy dead rhizome roots of bamboo (HKAS133074). The scale in i is valid for d–i.

FIGURE 1 in Pseudoplectania mystica (Ascomycota, Pezizales), a new cup fungus with an endophytic habit of a broad range of host plants

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree of Pseudoplectania inferred from concatenated nrITS-nrLSU alignment. Nodes are annotated if supported by ≥50% MLB or ≥0.9 BPP. The clades and subclades concerned are highlighted with background colours and coded. The specimens that we collected are highlighted in bold. (HT), (PT) and (NT) represent holotype, paratype and neotype, respectively. The sites diverging from the majority rule consensus within subclade a that represent the new species are shown with highlights on the left of the tree. The results of species delimitation generated from the ABGD and ASAP programs, and the host of each specimen (according to the references in Table 1) are shown on the right of the tree.