Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 21 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 21. Chaetal morphology of Pseudopolydora multispinosa sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 40906, formalin-fixed and stained with MG). A. Parapodia of chaetiger 5. B–C. Notopodial spines of chaetiger 5. D. Neuropodium of chaetiger 12, showing glandular cells intensely stained with MG around a series of hooded hooks. E. Hooded hooks from neuropodium of chaetiger 12. Abbreviations: arrow showing the direction towards the inside of the U-shaped row of spines; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 50 µm; B–E = 20 µm.

Fig. 19 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 19. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora melanopalpa sp. nov. (formalin-fixed and stained with MG specimens, MIMB 40909). A. Parapodia of chaetiger 5. B. Anterior-row spines of chaetiger 5, view from the outside of the U-shaped spine row.C. Posterior-row falcate spine of chaetiger 5, lateral view. D. Notopodial spines of chaetiger 5, lateral view. E. Neuropodium of chaetiger 10, showing glandular pouch associated with a series of hooded hooks. F. Hooded hooks from middle neuropodium. G. Small previtellogenic oocyte on a genital blood vessel. Abbreviations: arrows showing the direction towards the inside of the U-shaped row of spines; bv = genital blood vessel; gp = glandular pouch; ne = neuropodial postchaetal lamella; oo = oocyte; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A, E = 50 µm; B–D, F–G = 20 µm.

Fig. 18 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 18. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora melanopalpa sp. nov. (formalin-fixed and stained with MG specimens, MIMB 40909). A–C. Anterior ends, dorsal (A), ventral (B), and left lateral (C) view. D. Middle chaetigers, left lateral view. E. Chaetigers 7–14, dorsal view. F–G. Middle chaetigers, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ch5, ch13 = chaetigers 5 and 13; ne = nephridia in female fertile chaetigers; oc = occipital antenna; po = nephridiopore. Scale bars = 200 µm.

Fig. 17 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 17. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora melanopalpa sp. nov. (formalin-fixed and stained with MG specimens). A. Holotype (MIMB 40908). B–E. Paratypes (MIMB 40909). A–E. Anterior ends, left lateral (A–B), dorsal (C–D), and ventral (E) view. Abbreviations: ch5 = chaetiger 5; la = lateral peristomial lip; pr = prostomium; ve = ventral peristomial lip. Scale bars = 200 µm.

Fig. 15 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 15. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. C. Chaetae of chaetiger 5. D. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10. E. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium. F. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations: no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm.

Fig. 20 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 20. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora multispinosa sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 40906, formalinfixed and stained with MG). A–C. Anterior end, left lateral (A) and dorsal (B–C) view. D–F. Anterior end, ventral view, showing changing of MG staining in time after return of the specimen to clean ethanol: after 1 minute (D), after 15 minutes (E), after 1 hour (F). Abbreviations: ch5 = chaetiger 5; la = lateral peristomial lip; ve = ventral peristomial lip. Scale bars = 200 µm.

Fig. 16 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 16. Larval and juvenile morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. Live larvae in reflected (A–C) and transmitted (D–E) light. A. 13-chaetiger larva, dorsal view. B. 14-chaetiger larva, left lateral view. C. The same, ventral view. D. The same, dorsal view. E. The same, anterior end. F. 21-chaetiger juvenile, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm.

Fig. 14 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 14. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between number of yellow bands on palp and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. C. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and distribution of pennoned capillaries in notopodia (referring to number of the last chaetiger with pennoned capillaries) and total number of chaetigers. D. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers.

Fig. 11 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 11. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora auha sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 40907), formalin-fixed and stained with MG). A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Posterior chaetigers, ventral view. C. Posterior end, left lateral view. D. Notopodium of chaetiger 5. E. Notochaetae of chaetiger 5. F. A series of hooded hooks from neuropodium of chaetiger 12. Abbreviations: arrow showing the direction towards the inside of the U-shaped row of spines of chaetiger 5; an = anterior-row spine from notopodium of chaetiger 5; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; po = posterior-row spine from notopodium of chaetiger 5; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E–F = 20 µm.

Fig. 7 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 7. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868) (live individuals). A–B. MIMB 40895. C–D. MIMB 40897. E–F. MIMB 40899. A. Anterior end, semi-pressed, dorsal view, showing arrangement of glandular pouches in neuropodia. B. Chaetigers 6–7, semi-squashed, dorsal view, showing double glandular pouches in each neuropodium. C. Middle chaetigers, dorsal view, showing paired gatherings of glandular cells on the dorsum. D–F. Female fertile chaetigers, dorsal view, showing distal parts of paired nephridia opening to a common middorsal nephridiopore on each chaetiger. Abbreviations: ga = gatherings of glandular cells; gl = glandular pouches in neuropodia; ne = nephridia in female fertile chaetigers; oo = oocytes; po = nephridiopore. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B–F = 100 µm.

Fig. 2 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 2. Majority rule consensus tree of the Bayesian inference analysis of the combined 16S (234 bp), 18S (1639 bp), 28S (294 bp), and Histone 3 (306 bp) sequences (2473 bp in total) of Pseudopolydora spp. rooted with sequences of Polydorella dawydoffi Radashevsky, 1996. Posterior probabilities are shown on the branches. The numbers without letters preceding collecting locations are unique numbers from the VIR database linking the individuals on the tree with the sampling data in Table 1 and Supp. Table ESM1. Pseudopolydora complexes are defined by unique sets of characters shared by the species.

Fig. 5. Adult characteristics ofPseudopolydora spp. from theArabian Gulf, Kuwait.A–C in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 5. Adult characteristics ofPseudopolydora spp. from theArabian Gulf, Kuwait.A–C. Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868). D. P. arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020. E. P. kuwaiti sp. nov. A. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers. B. Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers. C–E. Relationships between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger LBC divided by the total number of chaetigers TNC) and total number of chaetigers.

Fig. 1 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 1. Maps showing records (yellow circles) and type localities (stars) of Pseudopolydora spp. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait (see Supp. Table ESM1). A. P. antennata (Claparède, 1868). B. P. arabica Radashevsky & Al-Kandari, 2020 (red star = type locality: Al-Salmiya, Kuwait). C. P. kuwaiti sp. nov. (red star = type locality: Al-Judailiat). D. Yellow star = type locality of Pseudopolydora auha sp. nov.: Auha Is.; red star = type locality of P. melanopalpa sp. nov.: Sulaibikhat Bay; green star = type locality of Pseudopolydora multispinosa sp. nov.: Al-Salmiya, Kuwait.

Fig. 4 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 4. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868) (live individuals). A. MIMB 40895. B–C, E. MIMB 40897. D. MIMB 40899. F. MIMB 40896. A–B, D. Anterior ends, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, left lateral view. E. Posterior end, dorsal view. F. Middle stalk chaetigers regenerating seven anterior chaetigers, dorsal view. Abbreviations: oc = occipital antenna. Scale bars: A–B, F = 200 µm; C–E = 10 µm.

FIGURE 35. Tripolydora spinosa. A–H in Spionidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Aonides, Dipolydora, Polydorella, Prionospio, Pseudopolydora, Rhynchospio, and Tripolydora

FIGURE 35. Tripolydora spinosa. A–H—AM W.47872. A. Anterior end in dorsal view with palps missing; B. Same in ventral view; C. Posterior end, left lateral view; D–F. Notochaetae of chaetiger 4; D. Anterior-row capillary chaeta; E. Posterior-row capillary chaeta; F. Superior-group capillary chaeta; G, H. Notopodial anterior-row heavy aciculate spines of chaetiger 5; I. Posterior-row capillary notochaeta of chaetiger 7; J–N. Neurochaetae of chaetiger 7; J. Anterior-row winged capillary chaeta; K. Tridentate hooded hook in lateral view; L. Same in frontal view; M. Alimbate hair-like alternating capillary chaeta; N. Inferior winged capillary chaeta; O. Inferior sabre chaeta from a neuropodium of a posterior chaetiger.

FIGURE 31 in Spionidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Aonides, Dipolydora, Polydorella, Prionospio, Pseudopolydora, Rhynchospio, and Tripolydora

FIGURE 31. Pseudopolydora cf. rosebelae. A, B—AM W.45381. A. Anterior end, right lateral view; B. Same, left lateral view. Scale bars: A, B—1 mm. Photo: A, B—Alexander Semenov.

FIGURE 27 in Spionidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Aonides, Dipolydora, Polydorella, Prionospio, Pseudopolydora, Rhynchospio, and Tripolydora

FIGURE 27. Prionospio cf. tridentata. A, D—MIMB 28130; B—AM W.45259; C—AM W.45379. A. Anterior end, ventral view, showing oesophagus, anterior part of midgut and three pairs of nephridia in chaetigers 4–6; B. Anterior end, left lateral view, showing shape of postchaetal lamellae; C. Head, dorsal view, showing bell-shaped prostomium and two pairs of small eyes; D. Chaetiger 7, dorsal view, showing prominent transverse crest joining notopodial postchaetal lamellae. Abbreviations: mg—midgut, ne—nephridia, oe—oesophagus. Scale bars: A, B—100 Μm; C, D—50 µm.

FIGURE 25 in Spionidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Aonides, Dipolydora, Polydorella, Prionospio, Pseudopolydora, Rhynchospio, and Tripolydora

FIGURE 25. Prionospio cf. tatura. A, C, D–F—AM W.45266; B—AM W.45265. A, B. Anterior ends, dorsal view; C. Posterior end, dorsal view; D–F. Neurochaetae from median chaetiger; D. Sabre chaeta; E. Alternating capillary; F. Multidentate hooded hook. Scale bars: A–C—50 µm.

FIGURE 28 in Spionidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Aonides, Dipolydora, Polydorella, Prionospio, Pseudopolydora, Rhynchospio, and Tripolydora

FIGURE 28. Prionospio cf. tridentata. A–G—MIMB 28130. A–C. Developed coelomic oocytes with soft envelope; D. Chaetigers 7 and 8, dorsal view, showing soft heart body inside main dorsal vessel; E. Pinnate branchia of chaetiger 5; F. Fragment of pinnate branchia, showing longitudinal ciliary band on lateral side, and blood capillaries forming a loop inside each pinna; G. Right neuropodia of chaetigers 11 and 12, ventral view. Abbreviations: ca—blood capillaries; cb—ciliary bands, dv—main dorsal blood vessel, gv—germinal vesicle, hb—heart body, nl—nucleolus, sa—sabre chaetae, ve—vesicles, depressions in oocyte envelope. Scale bars: A–D—30 µm. E—100 Μm; F, G—50 µm.

FIGURE 34. Rhynchospio darwini n in Spionidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Aonides, Dipolydora, Polydorella, Prionospio, Pseudopolydora, Rhynchospio, and Tripolydora

FIGURE 34. Rhynchospio darwini n. sp. A—NTM W025648; B–H—AM W.45382. A. Anterior end in dorsal view with palps missing; B. Anterior end in left lateral view with palps missing; C. Left palp, inner lateral view; D. Posterior end, left lateral view; E–H. Neurochaetae from middle chaetiger; E. Alternating capillary chaeta with narrow wing; F. Tridentate hooded hook in lateral view; G. Same in frontal view; H. Inferior sabre chaeta.