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15 results for “Psilocybe”
Phylogenomics of the psychoactive mushroom genus Psilocybe and evolution of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster
<p>Psychoactive mushrooms in the genus <em>Psilocybe</em> have immense cultural value and have been used for centuries in Mesoamerica. Despite a recent surge in interest in these mushrooms due to emerging evidence that psilocybin, the main psychoactive compound, is a promising therapeutic for a variety of mental illnesses, their phylogeny and taxonomy remain substantially incomplete. Moreover, the recent elucidation of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster is known for only five species of <em>Psilocybe</em>, four of which belong to only one of two major clades. We set out to improve the phylogeny for <em>Psilocybe</em> using shotgun sequencing of 71 fungarium specimens, including 23 types, and conducting phylogenomic analysis using 2,983 single-copy gene families to generate a fully supported phylogeny. Molecular clock analysis suggests the stem lineage arose ~67 mya and diversified ~56 mya. We also show that psilocybin biosynthesis first arose in <em>Psilocybe</em>, with 4–5 possible horizontal transfers to other mushrooms between 40 and 9mya. Moreover, predicted orthologs of the psilocybin biosynthetic genes revealed two distinct gene orders within the cluster that corresponds to a deep split within the genus, possibly consistent with the independent acquisition of the cluster. By mining genomic data beyond markers for phylogenetic inference, we gained novel insights into the evolutionary origins of psilocybin biosynthesis that have implications for understanding the functional role of this powerful chemical and can inform translational applications for human well-being.</p>
Discovery of the closest free-living relative of the domesticated “magic mushroom” <em>Psilocybe cubensis</em> in Africa
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Phylogenomics of the psychoactive mushroom genus Psilocybe and evolution of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 3 in Psilocybe ningshanensis (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales), a new species from China
FIGURE 3. Microscopic features of Psilocybe ningshanensis in Congo Red. a, b, c Cheilocystidia; d, e, f Pleurocystidia. Scale bars: 25 µm. Photos by X.L. He.
FIGURE 1 in Psilocybe ningshanensis (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales), a new species from China
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree of Psilocybe based on ITS sequences data using the Maximum Likelihood method. Bootstrap scores of>60 are presented at the nodes. Symbol ● indicates the new species, Psilocybe ningshanensis.
FIGURE 2. a, b, c in Psilocybe ningshanensis (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales), a new species from China
FIGURE 2. a, b, c Fresh fruitbody of Psilocybe ningshanensis species (SXIM20200025); d, e, f Dried fruitbody (SXIM20200037). Scale bars: 1 cm. Photos by Y. Liu.
FIGURE 4 in Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China
FIGURE 4. Psilocybe keralensis (IFRD415173), A: Basidia, B: Basidiospores, C: Cheilocystidia, D: Pleurocystidia, E: Caulocystidia. Scal bar=10 μm.
FIGURE 3. Psilocybe ruiliensis A–C, E–G in Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China
FIGURE 3. Psilocybe ruiliensis A–C, E–G:(holotype, IFRD415241), D: (IFRD415240), A: Pileipellis, B: Caulocystidia, C–D: Cheilocystidia, E: Pleurocystidia, F: Basidia, G: Basidiospores. Scal bar=10 μm.
FIGURE 5 in Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China
FIGURE 5. Psilocybe aff. fasciata (IFRD415224), A: Pileipellis, B: Cheilocystidia, C: Basidia, D: Basidiospores, E: Caulocystidia. Scale bar = 10 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China
FIGURE 1. Phylogram inferred from analyses of a combined LSU and ITS dataset using MrBayes. Values above and below branches are posterior probabilities (pp≥0.80) and RAxML bootstrap (BS≥50%) values. For node with little difference between RAxML and BI analyses, only the pp value is displayed and BS value is not shown but indicated by '/'. The terminal taxa represent individual specimens with GenBank accession numbers. nrLSU and ITS numbers are indicated as LSU/ITS and the sequences that are lacking are not shown, and only one number is represented the sequence that is including nrLSU and ITS data. Species from Yunnan province and new sequences generated in this study are in bold.
FIGURE 2 in Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China
FIGURE 2. Basidiomata of Psilocybe species. A–G: Psilocybe keralensis, A, E: IFRD415173, B: IFRD415174, C–D: IFRD414040, F–G: IFRD414213; H, L: Psilocybe aff. fasciata, IFRD415224; I–K, M–N: Psilocybe ruiliensis, I–J: IFRD415243, K, N: holotype, IFRD415241, M: IFRD415240.
FIGURE 4 in Psilocybe chuxiongensis, a new bluing species from subtropical China
FIGURE 4. Psilocybe chuxiongensis (holotype) A, B: Basidiomata. C: Pileipellis. D: Basidiospores. E: Basidia. F: Pleurocystidia. G: Cheilocystidia. H: Caulocystidia. Scal bar: 10 µm.
FIGURES 1–3 in Psilocybe chuxiongensis, a new bluing species from subtropical China
FIGURES 1–3. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species and other bluing Psilocybe species obtained from GenBank, inferred from ITS, nrLSU, and combined rpb2-tef1-α sequences, respectively. Values above and below branches are MP bootstrap (≥50%) and posterior probabilities (≥0.80) values, respectively. Terminal taxa represent individual specimens with GenBank accession numbers; new species and new sequences (KF586470–KF586483) are labeled in bold. FIGURE 1. nrLSU parsimonious majority-rule consensus tree (L = 114, CI = 0.693, RI = 0.843, RC = 0.584, HI = 0.307). FIGURE 2. ITS parsimonious majority-rule consensus tree (L = 372, CI = 0.772, RI = 0.901, RC = 0.695, HI = 0.228). FIGURE 3. Combined rpb2-tef1-α nucleotide Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree.
Psilocybe Cubensis Mushrooms With or Without Fluoxetine for Refractory Depression: a Phase 2a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial (COGUNILA)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06898606. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
FIGURE 4 in Psilocybe ningshanensis (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales), a new species from China
FIGURE 4. Microscopic features of Psilocybe ningshanensis. a Basidia; b–c Basidiospores; d Pileipellis; a In Congo Red, b, c, d in 5 % KOH. Scale bars: a, b, d: 25 µm, c: 10 µm. Photos by X.L. He.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.