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27 results for “Pulsed resources”
Data from "Resource pulses drive spatio-temporal dynamics of non-native bark beetles and wood borers"
<p>This is a compilation of datasets that were used for the publication entitled "Resource pulses drive spatio-temporal dynamics of non-native bark beetles and wood borers" by Eckehard G. BROCKERHOFF, Stephanie L. SOPOW, and Martin K.-F. BADER, published in the Journal of Applied Ecology, 'in press' in October 2024.</p> <p>Note: The date format is either (i) season (spring/summer/autumn/winter) plus a two-figure short form for the year (e.g., "autumn08" stands for autumn 2008), or (ii) just the year for an annual total in either four- or two-figure form in the file name (e.g., "reg2010sums.csv" or "reg10sums.csv" for the year 2010).</p> <p>1. File "mean_trap_catches.csv" = Data used for Fig. 1 - Mean trap catch data of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus over time in Kaingaroa forest stands 378 ("F2006"), 377 ("F2009"), and 383 ("F2010"). For further explanations see methods of Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>2. File "reg2010sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 2 - Year 2010, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 2 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>3. File "reg2010sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 2 - Year 2011, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 2 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>4. File "reg2010sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 2 - Year 2012, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 2 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>5. File "reg10sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 3 - Year 2010, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 3 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>6. File "reg11sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 3 - Year 2011, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 3 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>7. File "reg12sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 3 - Year 2012, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 3 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>8. File "hylu2010-fitted_dispersal_to_5km-Version_23May2024.csv" = Data shown in Fig. 4 - Extension of the prediction range to 5 km of Hylurgus ligniperda dispersal data, using a generalised additive mixed model (GAMM) with beta distributed errors and the default logarithmic link. For details see caption of Fig. 4 and methods in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p> </p>
Figure 2 in Could Fidicina mannifera (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Fidicinini) promote a resource pulse in two Brazilian Cerrado vegetation classes?
Figure 2. Profile of lipids (mg g–1) in adult males and females of F. mannifera along emerging period, collected on the Agroecological Technology Center for Small Farmers (AGROTEC), Diorama, Goiás. Open diamonds demonstrate the amount of lipids present in females.
Figure 3 in Could Fidicina mannifera (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Fidicinini) promote a resource pulse in two Brazilian Cerrado vegetation classes?
Figure 3. Precipitation (mm) for the months sampled in 2013 in the areas of cerrado woodland (closed symbol) and gallery forest (open symbol) in the Agroecological Technology Center for Small Farmers (AGROTEC), Diorama, GO, Brazil.
Figure 1 in Could Fidicina mannifera (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Fidicinini) promote a resource pulse in two Brazilian Cerrado vegetation classes?
Figure 1. Proteins (mg g–1) in adult males and females of F. mannifera along the emerging period, collected on the Agroecological Technology Center for Small Farmers (AGROTEC), Diorama, Goiás. Open diamonds show the amount of protein present in females.
Data from: Pollinator competition and the contingency of nectar depletion during an early spring resource pulse
<p>Concerns about competition between pollinators are predicated on the assumption of floral resource limitation. Floral resource limitation, however, is a complex phenomenon involving the interplay of resource production by plants, resource demand by pollinators, and exogenous factors — like weather conditions — that constrain both plants and pollinators. In this study, we examine nectar limitation during the mass flowering of rosaceous fruit trees in early spring. Our study is set in the same region as a previous study that found extremely severe nectar limitation in summer grasslands. We use this seasonal contrast to evaluate two alternative hypotheses concerning the seasonal dynamics of floral resource limitation: either (H1) rates of resource production and consumption are matched through seasonal time to maintain a consistent degree of resource limitation or (H2) a mismatch of high floral resource production and low pollinator activity in early spring creates a period of relaxed resource limitation that intensifies later in the year. We found generally much lower depletion in our study compared to the near 100% depletion found in the summer study, but depletion rates varied markedly through diel time and across sampling days, with afternoon depletion rates sometimes exceeding 80%. In some cases, there were also pronounced differences in depletion rate across simultaneously sampled floral species, indicating different degrees of nectar exploitation. These findings generally support the seasonal mismatch hypothesis (H2) but underscore the complex contingency of nectar depletion. The challenge of future work is to discern how the fluctuation of resource limitation across diel, inter-diel, and seasonal time scales translates into population-level fitness outcomes for pollinators.</p>
Data from: Pollinator competition and the contingency of nectar depletion during an early spring resource pulse
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Chipmunk body mass variations and life-histories in a pulsed resource ecosystem
<p><span>Phenotypic plasticity is the most immediate mechanism of adaptative response to environmental change. Studying plastic changes in response to fluctuating environments provides insights into how such adjustments may impact life-history traits. Here, we used a 14-year dataset of repeated body mass measurements in male eastern chipmunks (<em>Tamias striatus</em>) to assess the extent of plastic changes for this trait in a resource pulse ecosystem. We first determined the magnitude of variation in body mass at the population level in response to the drastic change in food resource availability from American beech tree seeds (<em>Fagus grandifolia</em>). Males that emerged in the spring from winter torpor following a non-mast year had a lower body mass than males emerging after a mast year, but they tended to recover this loss by mid-June. We found significant among-individual variation in spring body mass plasticity (i.e., individual by environment interaction, I x E). We then investigated the relationships between individual spring body mass plasticity, longevity and lifetime reproductive success. Interestingly, heavier males lived longer than lighter males, but more plastic males had a lower longevity and lower lifetime reproductive success than less plastic males. The report of such plastic response in a stochastic resource system provides valuable insights into the interplay between the costs and benefits of phenotypic plasticity as an adaptation to environmental fluctuations.</span></p>
Conditional natal dispersal provides a mechanism for populations tracking resource pulses after fire
<p>Animals that persist in spatially structured populations face the challenge of tracking the rise and fall of resources across space and time. To combat these challenges, theory predicts that species should use conditional dispersal strategies that allow them to emigrate from patches with declining resources and colonize new resource patches as they appear. We studied natal dispersal movements in the black-backed woodpecker (<i>Picoides arcticus</i>), a species known for its strong association with recent post-fire forests in western North America. We radio-tracked juveniles originating from seven burned areas and tested hypotheses that environmental and individual factors influence dispersal distance and emigration rates – investigating emigration while additionally accounting for imperfect detection with a novel Bayesian model. We found that juveniles were more likely to leave natal areas and disperse longer distances if they were heavier or hatched in older burned areas where resources are increasingly scarce. Juveniles were also more likely to leave their natal burn if they hatched in a nest closer to the fire perimeter. While dispersing across the landscape, black-backed woodpeckers selected for burned forest relative to unburned available habitat. Together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that black-backed woodpecker populations track resource pulses across fire-prone landscapes, with conditional natal dispersal acting as a mechanism for locating and colonizing newly burned areas. Lending empirical support to theoretical predictions, our findings suggest that changes in resource distribution may shape dispersal patterns and, consequently, the distribution and persistence of spatially structured populations. </p>
Conditional natal dispersal provides a mechanism for populations tracking resource pulses after fire
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Data from: Increased duration of aquatic resource pulse alters community and ecosystem responses in a subarctic plant community
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Aggregative responses of marine predators to a pulsed resource
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Chipmunk body mass variations and life-histories in a pulsed resource ecosystem
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Resource pulses influence the spatio-temporal dynamics of a large carnivore population
<p>Resource availability is a key component in animal ecology, yet the manner in which carnivore populations respond to spatial and temporal fluctuations of resources remains<br> unclear. We take a population-level approach to determine how resource pulses, in this case a temporary hyper-abundance of prey, influence the densities and space-use of cheetahs <em>Acinonyx jubatus</em>. The Maasai Mara in Kenya experiences an annual migration of > 1.4 million wildebeest <em>Connochaetes taurinus</em> and large numbers of zebras <em>Equus quagga</em> and Thomson's gazelle <em>Eudorcas thomsonii</em> thereby providing a natural experiment to examine the influence of resource pulses on carnivore movement and densities. To draw inferences on fluctuating cheetah densities and space-use, we collected unstructured search-encounter data during eight sampling sessions, four during and four out of the migration, and analysed these using Bayesian spatially-explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models with sex-specific detection function parameters. Both density and space-use fluctuated seasonally but this varied according to sex. Local cheetah densities increased in areas and during times when prey abundance was highest but this was more pronounced for females than males. In terms of space-use, movements were larger during the migration than out of the migration but this was more pronounced for males than females. These results suggest that males are influenced more by resource distribution whereas females by resource abundance. Overall densities did vary but there was no clear pattern in relation to resource pulses. Understanding the behavioural drivers of population dynamics in relation to resource pulses can provide important insights into ecological processes at multiple ecological levels.</p>
Data from: Pulsing hydrology determines top-down control of basal resources in a tropical river-floodplain ecosystem
Variable hydrology of rivers strongly affects biophysical factors that influence primary production and population densities, thereby affecting the relative influence of bottom-up and top-down processes in trophic networks. Many tropical floodplain rivers have sustained seasonal flood pulses driven by precipitation patterns of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. These changes in flow alter concentrations of dissolved nutrients, aquatic primary productivity, and per-unit-area densities of aquatic organisms. Therefore, one would predict that the strength of top-down effects of animals on basal resources should shift as the annual flood pulse progresses. We conducted a series of field experiments in a Neotropical lowland river to test for effects of hydrologic phase, habitat (in-channel vs. floodplain aquatic habitat), and benthic feeding fish and meiofauna on particulate organic matter, chlorophyll, and benthic microalgae. Net ecosystem productivity of this oligotrophic river is higher during the low phase of the annual flood cycle, which is also when resident fishes are at highest densities and there is a seasonal influx of migratory benthic feeding fish. We therefore hypothesized that top-down effects of benthic-feeding fish would fluctuate temporally, with strongest effects during low water levels. We found that fish controlled the abundance of particulate organic matter and algae on solid substrates, but not on sand, during falling- and low-water phases within both channel and floodplain habitats. Except for diatom assemblages, which responded to fish exclusion, the taxonomic structure of algal and meiofauna assemblages was not significantly influenced by fish exclusion treatments, but varied in relation to habitat type and hydrologic phase. Meiofauna densities were highest during the low-water period; experimental exclusion of meiofauna during this period had a significant effect on accumulation of particulate organic matter in sand. By controlling abundance of important basal resources, fishes and meiofauna have large potential to influence other components of this tropical ecosystem. Our findings emphasize the predictable, gradual, changes in consumer-resource interactions associated with the seasonal flood pulse in tropical river systems.
Data from: Responses of social and solitary bees to pulsed floral resources
Pulsed food resources lead to mismatches between distribution of consumers and resources in space and time. Many studies have investigated how pollinators and floral resources covary in space, but few have looked at their covariance among years. I studied responses of two bee taxa, Bombus (a social genus) and Anthophora (a solitary genus), to variation in flowering by Astragalus scaphoides, a perennial herb that flowers in alternate years. First, I quantified the rate at which individual plants were visited by bees. Anthophora showed evidence of a demographic response to resource pulses—that is, more individuals were seen in the year after a high-flowering year—whereas Bombus did not. Second, I quantified pollinator behavior by following individual bees and recording the proportion of visits to A. scaphoides within single foraging bouts. The proportion of visits to A. scaphoides by both taxa increased with A. scaphoides's flowering density. Higher specialization in high-flowering years likely makes both taxa better pollinators in high-flowering years. If these taxa differ in effectiveness as pollinators, then these responses translate into variation in pollination services in space and time, specifically, more activity by Bombus in high-flowering years and more by Anthophora in years following high-flowering years. They also emphasize that pollinator activity depends in part on past—as well as current—floral resources.
Data from: Linking songbird nest predation to seedling density: sugar maple masting as a resource pulse in a forest food web
The ecological literature presents considerable evidence for top-down forcing on the maintenance of species diversity. Yet, in temperate forests, bottom-up forces often exert a strong influence on ecosystem functioning. Here, we report on the indirect influence of a pulsed resource, sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seed production, on nest survival in a migratory songbird. We hypothesized that seed production in year t would determine daily nest survival rate in year t + 1 through its effects on seed-eating rodents. We used the density of sugar maple seedlings (with cotyledons) in year t + 1 as a proxy for seed production in year t and predicted that it would be inversely related to songbird nest survival the same year. We estimated the density of sugar maple seedlings, eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) activity, and daily nest survival rate in the ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) over four successive years in a northern hardwood forest of New Brunswick, Canada. Seedling density varied by two orders of magnitude between years, whereas an index of chipmunk activity changed by an order of magnitude. Both variables were positively correlated and negatively correlated to daily nest survival rate. A logistic-exposure model including only seedling density received the greatest level of support (lowest AICc). Previous studies have reported the effect of sugar maple masting on seed-eating rodent populations, but the strong link we report between seedling density and songbird nest survival is novel. A nocturnal seed-eating nest predator, deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), was not considered in our models, which may explain why chipmunk was not the best predictor of daily nest survival rate. The trophic linkages we observed are remarkably strong for a temperate forest ecosystem and might become more prevalent in northeastern North America, at least on calcium-rich soils, with the loss of large-diameter beech trees as a result of beech bark disease.
Magnitude and timing of resource pulses interact to affect plant invasion
Human activities can cause resource fluctuations through reducing uptake by the resident vegetation (e.g., disturbance) or through changing external resource supply (e.g., fertilization). Resource fluctuations often occur as pulses which are low frequency, large magnitude and short duration, and now are recognized as an important driver of plant invasions. However, resource pulses often vary dramatically in a number of attributes, yet how these attributes mediate the impacts of resource pulses on plant invasions remains unclear. Erigeron canadensis is a serious invader of disturbed habitats and agricultural fields in China. Thus, it experiences nutrient pulses with different magnitudes and timings. Here, we grew E. canadensis and six co-occurring native plant species with three different magnitudes of nutrient enrichment (low, medium or high). For each magnitude, we added equivalent amounts of nutrients with a constant supply as a control or one of three pulses with different timings (early, middle or late stages). We found that pulse magnitude, timing and their interaction significantly affected E. canadensis growth (biomass production) and invasion (proportion of biomass in a pot). For each timing, E. candensis growth and invasion increased with nutrient magnitude. At low magnitude, middle and late pulses promoted E. canadensis growth and invasion. At medium magnitude, late pulses suppressed E. canadensis growth, but did not affect its invasion. At high magnitude, early and middle pulses strongly suppressed E. canadensis growth and invasion. In contrast, natives generally exhibited different responses to nutrient pulses. Our study shows that plant responses are not just dependent on the presence of a resource pulse but also on its attributes. In contrast to theory and many empirical studies, our results show that resource fluctuation does not always promote plant invasion. We highlight that the attributes of resource pulses are key to understanding the impact of resource fluctuations on plant invasion.
Data from: Linking songbird nest predation to seedling density: sugar maple masting as a resource pulse in a forest food web
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Data from: Pulsed resource availability changes dietary niche breadth and partitioning between generalist rodent consumers
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No evidence of early life resource pulse effects on age-specific variation in survival, reproduction and body mass of female Siberian flying squirrels
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