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FIGURE 8 in Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov., two new species of pycnophyid Kinorhyncha (Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from the Gulf of Mexico

FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs showing general overview and details of the cuticular morphology of a male (A–F) and a female (G–J) non-type specimens of Leiocanthus satanicus sp. nov. A, ventral overview; B, ventral view of the left episternal plate of segment 1; C, ventral view of the left sternal plates of segments 2–3; D, laterodorsal to ventromedial view on right half of cuticular plates of segments 4–5; E, ventral view of the left sternal plates of segments 8–9; F, ventral view of the right sternal plate of segment 10. Scales: A, 100 μm; B–J, 10 μm. Abbreviations: cr, cuticular ridge; gco, glandular cell outlet; lvse, lateroventral seta; ps, penile spine; pvse, paraventral seta; vlse, ventrolateral seta; vmse, ventromedial seta; vmt, ventromedial tube; sensory spots are marked as dashed circles; ♂ indicates the presence of male sexually dimorphic structures.

FIGURE 4 in Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov., two new species of pycnophyid Kinorhyncha (Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from the Gulf of Mexico

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs showing general overview and details of the cuticular morphology of a female, non-type specimen of Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. A, ventrolateral overview; B, laterodorsal to paraventral view on right half of tergal and sternal plates of segments 2–3; C, laterodorsal to paraventral view on right half of tergal and sternal plates of segments 7–8; D, laterodorsal to paraventral view on right half of tergal and sternal plates of segments 5–6; E, laterodorsal to paraventral view on right half of tergal and sternal plates of segments 9–10; F, laterodorsal to ventrolateral view on right half of tergal and sternal plates of segments 4–5; G, laterodorsal to ventrolateral view on right half of tergal and sternal plates of segments 6–7; H, epibiontic Ciliophora on sternal plates of segment 1; I, epibiontic Ciliophora on left sternal plate of segment 5. Scales: A, 100 μm; B–I, 10 μm. Abbreviations: ldse, laterodorsal seta; lvse, lateroventral seta; vlse, ventrolateral seta; vmse, ventromedial seta; sensory spots are marked as dashed circles; ♂/♀ indicate the presence of sexually dimorphic structures.

FIGURE 1. A in Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov., two new species of pycnophyid Kinorhyncha (Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from the Gulf of Mexico

FIGURE 1. A, Map of the Gulf of Mexico (western Atlantic Ocean) showing sampling areas for Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov. Sampling stations: B, Mobile Bay (Alabama, U.S.A.) and off the mouth of the Mississippi River (Mississippi and Louisiana coasts, U.S.A.); C, off the coast of Campeche (Mexico).

FIGURE 7 in Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov., two new species of pycnophyid Kinorhyncha (Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from the Gulf of Mexico

FIGURE 7. Light micrographs showing trunk cuticular details of female holotype NHMD-915202 (B, C, E, G, I, K) and male paratype NHMD-915207 (A, D, F, H, J) of Leiocanthus satanicus sp. nov. A, middorsal to paralateral view on left half of tergal plate of segment 1; B, left sternal plate of segment 2; C, left sternal plates of segments 3–4; D, middorsal to laterodorsal view on left half of tergal plates of segments 2–3; E, left sternal plates of segments 5–6; F, middorsal to laterodorsal view on left half of tergal plate of segment 5; G, left sternal plate of segment 8; H, middorsal to laterodorsal view on left half of tergal plates of segments 6–7; I, left sternal plate of segment 9; J, middorsal to laterodorsal view on left half of tergal plate of segment 9; K, dorsal overview of segment 11 (inset shows the bulbous protuberance of a male). Scales: A–K, 20 μm; inset of K, 5 μm. Abbreviations: bla, butterfly–like intracuticular atria; bp, bulbous protuberance; bsj, ball-and-socket joint; ldse, laterodorsal seta; mde, middorsal cuticular elevation; ms, muscular scar; pc, pachycyclus; pdse, paradorsal seta; plse, paralateral seta; pvse, paraventral seta; sdse, subdorsal seta; ss3, type 3 sensory spot; vlse, ventrolateral seta; vmse, ventromedial seta; glandular cell outlets as closed circles, and sensory spots as dashed circles; ♂/♀ indicate the presence of sexually dimorphic structures.

FIGURE 2 in Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov., two new species of pycnophyid Kinorhyncha (Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from the Gulf of Mexico

FIGURE 2. Line art illustrations of adult Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. A, male in ventral view; B, male in dorsal view; C, female segment 2 in ventral view; D, female segments 10–11 in ventral view. Scale: 100 μm. Abbreviations: bla, butterfly-like atrium; bsj, ball-and-socket joint; cr, cuticular ridge; dpl, dorsal placid; gco, glandular cell outlet; ldse, laterodorsal seta; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvne, lateroventral nephridiopore; lvse, lateroventral seta; mde, middorsal elevation; ms, muscular scar; pc, pachycyclus; pdse, paradorsal seta; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spine; S, segment (followed by number of corresponding segment); sdgco, subdorsal glandular cell outlet; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; spf, secondary pectinate fringe; ss3, type 3 sensory spot; vlgco, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet; vlse, ventrolateral seta; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgco, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmse, ventromedial seta; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot; vmt, ventromedial tube; vpl, ventral placid.

FIGURE 3 in Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov., two new species of pycnophyid Kinorhyncha (Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from the Gulf of Mexico

FIGURE 3. Light micrographs showing trunk overview and the main trunk cuticular details of female holotype NHMD-915196 (A, C–D, F–G) and male paratype NHMD-915197 (B, E, H–J) of Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. A, ventral overview; B, middorsal to laterodorsal view on left half of tergal plate of segment 1; C, left sternal plate of segment 2; D, middorsal to laterodorsal view on left half of tergal plates of segments 2–3; E, left sternal plate of segment 2; F, left sternal plates of segments 5–6; G, middorsal to laterodorsal view on left half of tergal plates of segments 8–9; H, left sternal plates of segments 7–8; I, left sternal plate of segment 10; J, left sternal plate of segment 9. Scales: A, 100 μm; B–J, 20 μm. Abbreviations: bla, butterflylike atrium; bsj, ball-and-socket joint; ldse, laterodorsal seta; lvse, lateroventral seta; mde, middorsal elevation; ms, muscular scar; pc, pachycyclus; pdse, paradorsal seta; ps, penile spine; spf, secondary pectinate fringe; vlse, ventrolateral seta; vmse, ventromedial seta; vmt, ventromedial tube; glandular cell outlets are marked as closed circles, and sensory spots as dashed circles; ♂/♀ indicate the presence of sexually dimorphic structures.

FIGURE 5 in Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov., two new species of pycnophyid Kinorhyncha (Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from the Gulf of Mexico

FIGURE 5. Line art illustrations of adult Leiocanthus satanicus sp. nov. A, male in ventral view; B, male in dorsal view; C, female segment 2 in ventral view; D, female segments 10–11 in ventral view. Scale: 100 μm. Abbreviations: bla, butterflylike atrium; bp, bulbous protuberance; bsj, ball-and-socket joint; cr, cuticular ridge; dle, dagger-like extension; dpl, dorsal placid; gco, glandular cell outlet; ldse, laterodorsal seta; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lvse, lateroventral seta; mde, middorsal elevation; ms, muscular scar; pc, pachycyclus; pdse, paradorsal seta; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; plse, paralateral seta; plss, paralateral sensory spot; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spine; pvse, paraventral seta; S, segment (followed by number of corresponding segment); sdgco, subdorsal glandular cell outlet; sdse, subdorsal seta; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; ss3, subdorsal type 3 sensory spot; spf, secondary pectinate fringes; vlse, ventrolateral seta; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgco, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmse, ventromedial seta; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot; vmt, ventromedial tube; vpl, ventral placid.

FIGURE 6 in First report of kinorhynchs from Hokkaido, Japan, including a new species of Pycnophyes (Pycnophyidae: Homalorhagida)

FIGURE 6. Pycnophyes oshoroensis sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A. Overview of dorsal side. B. Neck and segments 1 and 2, lateral view. C. Segments 3–5, lateral view. D. Segments 8–10, dorsal view. E. Enlargement of lateral side of segment 9. Circles of dotted line indicate sensory spots. Abbreviations: amp, anterior middorsal projection; ldse, laterodorsal seta; lts, lateral terminal spine; pro, protonephridial pore; pdse, paradorsal seta; pl, placid; plse, paralateral seta; rc, reticulate cuticular area; seg, segment; vlse, ventrolateral seta. Digits after abbreviations refer to segment number.

FIGURE 2 in First report of kinorhynchs from Hokkaido, Japan, including a new species of Pycnophyes (Pycnophyidae: Homalorhagida)

FIGURE 2. Cephalorhyncha asiatica (Adrianov, 1989), male, ZIHU 3850, neck and trunk segments. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view.

FIGURE 10. Kinorhynchus yushini Adrianov, 1989 in First report of kinorhynchs from Hokkaido, Japan, including a new species of Pycnophyes (Pycnophyidae: Homalorhagida)

FIGURE 10. Kinorhynchus yushini Adrianov, 1989, female, ZIHU 3883, Nomarski photomicrographs. A. Overview, ventral side. B. Segments 1–4, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–4, ventral view. D. Segments 7–11, dorsal view. E. Segments 7–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: dae, dagger-like lateral element; esp, episternal plate; ldse, laterodorsal seta; mde, middorsal elevation; mdp, middorsal process; mlse, midlateral seta; msp, midsternal plate; tca, thin cuticle area.

FIGURE 5 in First report of kinorhynchs from Hokkaido, Japan, including a new species of Pycnophyes (Pycnophyidae: Homalorhagida)

FIGURE 5. Pycnophyes oshoroensis sp. nov., holotype, female, ZIHU 3872 A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view.

FIGURE 4 in First report of kinorhynchs from Hokkaido, Japan, including a new species of Pycnophyes (Pycnophyidae: Homalorhagida)

FIGURE 4. Cephalorhyncha asiatica (Adrianov, 1989), male, ZIHU 3850, Nomarski photomicrographs. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Neck and segments 1–4, ventral view. D. Neck and segments 1–4, ventral view, more dorsally focused than C. E. Segmemts 5–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: las, lateral accessory spine; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; lts, lateral terminal spine; lva, lateroventral articulation; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tubule; mds, middorsal spine; mva, midventral articulation; mvp, midventral placid; pc, pachycyclus; ps1, penile spine 1; ps2, penile spine 2; vlt, ventrolateral tubule.

Fig. 13 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 13. SEM photographs of females (ZMB 12476: A; ZMB 12474: B–C, E; ZMB 12456: D), male (ZMB 12470: F) of Setaphyes kielensis from Sylt. A: dorsolateral overview, right side of the trunk; B: lateral view of the left side of segments 1–4; C: lateral view of the left side of segments 8–9; D: dorsolateral overview, left side of the trunk; E: lateral view of the left side of segments 5–7; F: lateral view of the left side of segments 9–11. Abbreviations: ldse, laterodorsal setae; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvse, lateroventral setae; pdse, paradorsal setae; ppf, primary pectinate fringe. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the number of the corresponding segment. Dashed circles mark sensory spots.

Fig. 3 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 3. Diagram of mouth cone and introvert in Setaphyes dentatus showing the distribution and type of scalids by ring and sector. Abbreviations:? position of inner oral styles not revealed; S, sector followed by number of sector.

Fig. 6 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 6. SEM photographs of female (ZMB 12746: B, D, F) and adult of indeterminate sex (ZMB 12750: A, C, E) of Setaphyes dentatus from the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, Algeciras population. A: dorsal view of segments 1–4; B: ventral view of segments 1–3; C: dorsal view of segments 4–7; D: ventral view of segments 3–7; E: dorsal view of segments 7–10; F: ventral view of segments 8–10. Abbreviations: ldse, laterodorsal setae; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvse, lateroventral setae; mde, middorsal elevation; mdp, middorsal process; pdse, paradorsal setae; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; vlse, ventrolateral setae; vmse, ventromedial setae. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the number of the corresponding segment. Dashed circles mark sensory spots.

Fig. 9 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 9. Line art illustration of Setaphyes kielensis. A: Male, ventral view; B: Male, dorsal view; C: Female, segments 1–3, ventral view; D: female, segments 9–11, ventral view. Scale bar: 100 μm. Abbreviations: ap, apodeme; cr, cuticular ridge; cs, cuticular scar; dpl, dorsal placid; ica, intracuticlular atria; ldse, laterodorsal setae; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvse, lateroventral setae; mde, middorsal elevation; ms, muscular scar; ne, nephridiopore; pdse, paradorsal setae; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; ps, penile spine; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; spf, secondary pectinate fringe; vlse, ventrolateral setae; vmse, ventromedial setae; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot; vmtu, ventromedial tube; vpl, ventral placid.

Fig. 12 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 12. SEM photographs of females (ZMB 12456: A, E, G; ZMB 12467: B; ZMB 12471 D), males (ZMB 12477: C, H–I; ZMB 12463: F) of Setaphyes kielensis from Sylt. A: ventral overview; B: ventral view of segments 1–4; C: ventral view of segments 1–2; D: right sternal plates of segments 2–3; E: ventral view of segments 6–8; F: ventral overview; G: ventral view of segments 9–10; H: ventral view of segments 10–11; I: detail of the penile spines and bristles. Abbreviations: br, bristle; gco, glandular cell outlets; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvse, lateroventral setae; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spines; sp, spermatophore; vlse, ventrolateral setae; vmse, ventromedial setae; vmtu, ventromedial tube. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment. Dashed circles mark sensory spots.

Fig. 1 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 1. Map of the sampling localities. Black circles indicate localities in which specimens of Setaphyes dentatus were found. White circles indicate localities in which specimens of Setaphyes kielensis were found. A: enlarged map of the Iberian Peninsula; B: enlarged map of the North Frisian region; C: enlarged map of the Anatolian region.

Fig. 4 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of females (ZMB 12617: A, D; ZMB 12409: B–C, F–H) and male (ZMB 12418: E, I) of Setaphyes dentatus from Sylt. A: Sector 1 (midventral) of the introvert; B: Dorsal view on segments 1–5; C: Ventral view on segments 1–6; D: Mouth cone, outer oral styles (ring 01); E: Cuticular ornamentation on segment 10. Note that punctuate appearance represents preservation artefact. F: Dorsal view on segments 5–11; G: Ventral view on segments 6–11. H: Female LTS; I: Male LTS. Lambda symbols (Λ) mark anterior attachment points of spinoscalids on introvert (A). Abbreviations: co, cuticular ornamentation; cs, cuticular scars; dpl, dorsal placid; ldse, laterodorsal setae; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvse, lateroventral setae; mde, middorsal elevation; mdp, middorsal process; oos, outer oral style; pcr, patch of cuticular ridges; pdse, paradorsal setae; ps, penile spine; psp, primary spinoscalid; sp, spinoscalid (followed by the number of corresponding ring); ts, trichoscalid; vlse, ventrolateral setae; vmse, ventromedial setae; vpl, ventral placid. Numbers after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment.

Fig. 11 in The genus Setaphyes (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) in European waters: Redescription of Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) and Setaphyes kielensis (Zelinka, 1928), including notes on morphometrics, sexually dimorphic features and reproduction of the genus

Fig. 11. SEM photographs of the head of Setaphyes kielensis (male ZMB 12455: A–D). A: Detail of mouth cone ring 00 showing the outer oral style morphology; B: introvert sector 4 (laterodorsal); C: introvert sector 2 (ventrolateral); D: detail of neck (dorsal view) showing the trichoscalids and the placids. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; bef, basal elongated fringe; bs, basal sheath; bsf, basal short fringe; ct, cuticular thickening; dpl, dorsal placid; ep, end-piece of spinoscalid; psp, primary spinoscalid; sp, spinoscalid (followed by number of corresponding ring); ts, trichoscalid. Lambda symbols (Λ) mark attachment points of scalids.