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Fig. 5 in Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function

Fig. 5. Effectiveness of repellency of extract-treated filter paper discs on ant workers in a choice situation. Each bar represents the mean ± SD number of ants in contact with the filter paper disc during a 30 min period. Hatched bars: untreated filter paper; empty bars: solvent-treated filter paper; black bars: extract-treated filter paper. Each experiment was evaluated by a pairwise comparisons t-test; **, P, 0.01; *, P, 0.05; n.s., no significant difference. Monomorium pharaonis (A) and Polyrhachis vicina (B).

Fig. 3 in Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function

Fig. 3. Phase contrast microscopic comparison of exuded droplets from pronotal margin (a) and haemolymph (b) of male adult (different haemocytes are visible). Scale bar 5 20 Mm.

Fig. 4 in Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function

Fig. 4. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of exuded fluid. Exuded fluid from pronotal margins (RF1), exuded fluid from elytral margins (RF2), and haemolymph from adult severed legs of firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (H).

Fig. 2. A in Biological Characteristics of the Terrestrial Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Cleoptera: Lampyridae)

Fig. 2. A: The male pupa was glowing when it was disturbed. B: Female pupa. C: Competitive mating behavior of male adults. D: Mating behavior of a pair. E-F: Reflex bleeding of adults (E: male; F: female; Arrows indicate the haemolymph on elytral and pronotal margins)

Fig. 1. A in Biological Characteristics of the Terrestrial Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Cleoptera: Lampyridae)

Fig. 1. A: The 6th instar larva was preying on snail. B: The 2nd instar larvae were feeding on the same snail in the laboratory. C-D: The larva was cleaning the residue of snails by caudal grasping organs.

Fig. 3 in Biological Characteristics of the Terrestrial Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Cleoptera: Lampyridae)

Fig. 3. Patterns of developmental process of the light organ in the pharate and teneral adult. (LLO, larval light organ) A–C) Male light organ (A. 1 h later after emergence; B. the LLO becomes small after 3 h; C. the LLO disappeared after 5 h); D–F) Female light organ (D. 1 h later after emergence; B. the LLO emitted faint light after 2 h; C. the LLO disappeared after 4 h)

FIGURE 10 in Two new species of Pyrocoelia Gorham (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Southwest China

FIGURE 10. Distribution map of Pyrocoelia cenwanglaoensis and Pyrocoelia rubrothorax and their morphologically similar species from China.

FIGURE 9 in Two new species of Pyrocoelia Gorham (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Southwest China

FIGURE 9. Maximum likelihood tree of Pyrocoelia species, including Pyrocoelia cenwanglaoensis sp. n. (star marked), P. rubrothorax sp. n. (dot marked) and related genus (Diaphanes), based on cox1 barcoding sequences. Bootstrap values greater than 0.7 are shown in the tree (1000 bootstrap replicates).

FIGURE 5–6. 5 in Two new species of Pyrocoelia Gorham (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Southwest China

FIGURE 5–6. 5) Aedeagus of Pyrocoelia cenwanglaoensis (a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. lateral view). Scale bar = 1 mm; 6) Aedeagal sheath of Pyrocoelia cenwanglaoensis (a. dorsal view; b. ventral view). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3–4. 3 in Two new species of Pyrocoelia Gorham (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Southwest China

FIGURE 3–4. 3) Male abdomen and light organs on each of ventrites 5–6 of Pyrocoelia cenwanglaoensis. Scale bar = 1 mm; 4) Male abdomen and light organ only on ventrite 6 of Pyrocoelia rubrothorax. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7–8. 7 in Two new species of Pyrocoelia Gorham (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Southwest China

FIGURE 7–8. 7) Aedeagus of Pyrocoelia rubrothorax (a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. lateral view). Scale bar = 1 mm; 8) Aedeagal sheath of Pyrocoelia rubrothorax (a. dorsal view; b. ventral view). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1–2. 1 in Two new species of Pyrocoelia Gorham (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Southwest China

FIGURE 1–2. 1) Habitus of male holotype of Pyrocoelia cenwanglaoensis Zhu & Zhen, sp. nov (a. dorsal view; b. ventral view). Scale bar = 10 mm. 2) Habitus of male holotype of Pyrocoelia rubrothorax Zhu & Zhen, sp. nov (a. dorsal view; b. ventral view). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Biological Characteristics of the Terrestrial Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Cleoptera: Lampyridae)

Fig. 4. The light spectrum of male adult P. pectoralis emitting a single light pulse for courtship.

Figure 8 from: Jeng M, Engel M, Yang P (2011) Discovery of the female of Pyrocoelia prolongata in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Lampyridae). ZooKeys 116: 49-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.116.1412

Figure 8 - Habitat of Pyrocoelia prolongata Jeng & Lai female A General locality in Yako logging trail, a dry streambed at 2700 m above sea level, southern Taiwan B Close-up, indicating where the female was discovered (arrow).

Figures 2-6 from: Jeng M, Engel M, Yang P (2011) Discovery of the female of Pyrocoelia prolongata in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Lampyridae). ZooKeys 116: 49-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.116.1412

Figures 2-6 - Pyrocoelia prolongata Jeng and Lai, female 2 Antenna 3 Partial head in frontal aspect (frons, antennal sockets, clypeus-labrum, and mandibles), antennae removed 4 Hind leg (metatrochanter–metatarsus) 5 Thoracic segments (TH1–3), coxae (CX1–3), and first abdominal segment (AB1), lateral aspect; sp (#) = spiracle on #th segment 6 Abdominal segments 6–8, ventral aspect, T#, P#, and S# = abdominal tergite, pleurite, and sternite of #th segment; PO = photogenic organs.

Figure 7 from: Jeng M, Engel M, Yang P (2011) Discovery of the female of Pyrocoelia prolongata in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Lampyridae). ZooKeys 116: 49-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.116.1412

Figure 7 - Photos of female of Pyrocoelia prolongata Jeng & Lai A Dorsal aspect B Ventrolateral oblique aspect. Note the pink and bronze luster on the dorsum as well as the distinct photogenic organs (PO) on the venter.

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Figure 1 from: Jeng M, Engel M, Yang P (2011) Discovery of the female of Pyrocoelia prolongata in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Lampyridae). ZooKeys 116: 49-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.116.1412

Figure 1 - Female dorsal habitus of Pyrocoelia prolongata Jeng and Lai.

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Fig. 2 in Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function

Fig. 2. SEM views of pronotal and elytral margins of male adult firefly. Regular depressions along the pronotal margin (a), intact depression structure from pronotal margin

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Fig. 1 in Reflex-bleeding in the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Morphological Basis and Possible Function

Fig. 1. Reflex-bleeding in the adult firefly, Pyrocoelia pectoralis. A white droplet of blood exuded from the adult male pronotal margin (a), reflex-bleeding occurred along the adult male elytral margins (b) and a transparent droplet of blood exuded from the adult female pronotal margin (c). Scale bar 5 0.5 mm.