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47 results for “Pyura”
FIG. 107. — Pyura styeliformis n in Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific
FIG. 107. — Pyura styeliformis n. sp.; A, B, left and right sides of the body; C, body ventrally opened; D-G, both sides of two different bodies; H, oral tentacles; I, gonoducts. Scale bars: A-C, 5 mm; D-G, 1 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm.
Pinpointing genetic breaks in the southeastern Pacific: phylogeography and genetic structure of Pyura chilensis, a commercially important tunicate
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Accurate characterization of evolutionary units (species or populations) underlies all ecological and evolutionary studies and is crucial to conservation planning. Seascapes have long been thought to be highly permeable to gene flow, yet over the last decade building evidence has shown that barriers to gene flow in marine environments are much more common than previously thought. Here, we precisely characterize barriers to gene flow in the tunicate Pyura chilensis across 26° of latitude in the southeastern Pacific, assess the magnitude of said barriers, and explore their congruence with current biogeographic patterns of this region.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: The southeastern Pacific (SEP), from Ilo, Perú (17ºS) to Chiloe, Chile (43ºS).</p> <p><strong>Taxon: </strong><em>Pyura chilensis</em></p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We used a combination of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and a 540 bp fragment of the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) to compare individuals sampled at 26 localities spanning approximately 2500 km of the SEP. Genetic diversity was analyzed using Bayesian clustering, haplotype networks, Isolation by Distance, and cline models. Coalescent simulators were used to estimate migration rates.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The results from both the microsatellite and COI markers indicate the presence of two genetic discontinuities: one at 34°S and one at 39°S which coincide with genetic breaks reported for other species. Interestingly, we were able to determine that genetic transitions occur abruptly and within short geographic distances (~ 30 km) compared with previous studies of this tunicate. Coalescent simulations indicate the 34ºS break is less permeable than the 39ºS break, and gene flow appears to be mostly unidirectional from north to south.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Our results support other studies that show that seascapes are complex, and also highlight the importance of accurately sampling distribution ranges when making conclusions about gene flow. Overall, the two main biogeographic barriers to gene flow characterized in the southeastern Pacific are not homogenously permeable and can be narrow (< 30 km). These results are relevant for the management of fisheries in this region and specifically for this commercially important species.</p>
Pinpointing genetic breaks in the southeastern Pacific: phylogeography and genetic structure of Pyura chilensis, a commercially important tunicate
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FIGURE 8. Pyura dalbyi n in A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia
FIGURE 8. Pyura dalbyi n. sp. A. Two rows of lobed gonadic sacs without endocarps on the right of the body; B. Gut forming a sharply curved first loop enclosing the two rows of gonadic sacs on the left side of the body; C. Internal structure detailing the position of the gonoducts, hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side; D. Rectal opening (view from the top) showing the irregular, rounded lobes. The gonoduct openings of the left gonad can be observed next to the rectal opening; E. Rectal opening (view from the side). Abbreviations: LG—left gonad, HG—hepatic gland, GO—gonoduct opening, AB—anal border. Scale bars: A. 5 mm; B. 10 mm; C. 10 mm; D. 2 mm; E. 2 mm.
FIGURE 5. Pyura dalbyi n in A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia
FIGURE 5. Pyura dalbyi n. sp. A. Lateral view of a preserved specimen; B. Top view of another preserved specimen; C. Aggregated and separated live specimens photographed immediately upon collection. Scale bars: A. 10 mm; B. 10 mm.
FIGURE 6. Pyura dalbyi n in A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia
FIGURE 6. Pyura dalbyi n. sp. A. Siphonal spines as seen from the outer surface; B. Detail of the shape of the siphonal spines; C. Siphonal spines showing the entire siphonal lining, from the external surface (top) to near the base of the siphon (bottom), where it is iridescent. D. and E. Siphonal tentacles of two different specimens. Scale bars: A. 500 µm; B. 100 µm; C. 500 µm; D. 2 mm; E. 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia
FIGURE 3. Morphological variability of Pyura herdmani in South Africa. A. Specimen with large pointed papillae on the tunic, wreck of the SS Clan Stuart, False Bay, 6.8 m depth. Photograph: Matthew Melidonis; B. Individuals attached to sandy bottom at 1.5 m depth under a jetty in the West Coast National Park, Langebaan Lagoon; C. Large pedunculated aggregate characteristic of the individuals living on sandy bottoms, Langebaan Lagoon; D. Specimen found on the underside of a jetty in a marina in the Knysna lagoon; E. Specimen collected from the undersides of a jetty in Langebaan Lagoon; and F. Underwater view of a large aggregate underneath a jetty in the West Coast National Park, Langebaan Lagoon. Scale bars: A. 10 mm; C. 50 mm; D. 10 mm; E. 50 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia
FIGURE 1. Distribution of the Pyura stolonifera species complex and localities where specimens were collected. A. Approximate distribution of the species complex; B. Southern African region with South Africa highlighted; C. Northwest coast of Africa with Morocco highlighted; D. South-east Australia and Tasmania. Numbers correspond to collection localities listed in Table 1, and symbols represent species.
FIGURE 2. Pyura stolonifera from False Bay, South Africa. A in A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia
FIGURE 2. Pyura stolonifera from False Bay, South Africa. A. Large aggregate of P. stolonifera in the lower intertidal; B. Individual collected in the lower intertidal; C. Large aggregates covering vertical walls. Photograph: Matthew Melidonis; D. Aggregates of individuals with the tunic covered by colonial ascidian Didemnum sp., except around the siphons; E. Detail of a subtidal aggregate on a horizontal surface; F. Solitary individual, 7.4 m depth. Scale bars: B. 10 mm; F. 100 mm.
FIGURE 4. A. A in A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia
FIGURE 4. A. A dense mat of P. praeputialis covering a rock platform in Balmoral Beach, Sydney; B. Individuals displaying the characteristic upright stance. Photograph: Craig Styan; C. An aggregate in the lower intertidal area at Point Cartwright, Queensland; D. An individual specimen collected at Balmoral Beach, Sydney, showing the elongated shape characteristic of P. praeputialis from the Australian east coast; E. and F. Aggregates growing in tidal pools in Newcastle, New South Wales, and Stradbroke Island, Queensland, respectively. Scale bar: D. 20 mm.
FIGURE 7. Pyura dalbyi n in A revision of the Pyura stolonifera species complex (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), with a description of a new species from Australia
FIGURE 7. Pyura dalbyi n. sp. A. Branchial sac between folds, showing straight stigmata; B. Branchial sac with six marked branchial folds; C. and D. Dorsal tubercle in a small and large individual, respectively; E. and F. Dorsal lamina with languets in a small and a large individual, respectively; Abbreviations: DL—dorsal lamina, DT—dorsal tubercle, AA—atrial (excurrent) aperture. Scale bars: A. 500 µm; B. 5 mm; C. 1 mm; D. 2 mm; E. 2 mm; F. 2 mm.
FIGURE 27. Pyura ocellata n in Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition
FIGURE 27. Pyura ocellata n. sp. A, specimens with tunic in formalin, scale bar = 1 cm; B, both sides of a specimen removed from tunic; C, tunic external surface; D, stained specimen ventrally opened; E,F, spinules, scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURE 16. Pyura munita. A in Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae
FIGURE 16. Pyura munita. A, one specimen, scale bar = 5mm; B, C, dissections (stained); D, E, spinules, scale bar D = 35µ.
FIGURE 21. Pyura vittata. A in Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae
FIGURE 21. Pyura vittata. A, dissection; B, one specimen; C, gonad lobes and heart vessel. Scale bars A,B =1cm.
FIGURE 12. Pyura gangelion. A, B in Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae
FIGURE 12. Pyura gangelion. A, B, two specimens, scala bar =1cm; C, atrial membrane, scale bar = 5mm; D, rim of the atrial membrane aperture with spinules; E, F, spinules scale bar = 0.1mm.
FIGURE 19. Pyura vannamei. A in Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae
FIGURE 19. Pyura vannamei. A dissection (stained); B, one specimen in formalin; C, prepharyngeal area (stained). Scale bars A and C = 1cm.
FIGURE 10. Pyura discrepans. A in Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae
FIGURE 10. Pyura discrepans. A, specimen with tunic; B, specimen without tunic; C, detail of the dorsal lamina (stained). Scale bars A,B = 1cm.
FIGURE 17 in Pyura (Tunicata: Ascidiacea: Pyuridae) on the coasts of Panama
FIGURE 17. Pyura vittata (Stimpson 1852). A. Dissected view, showing the digestive tract (enlarged intestinal pouch) and left gonad. B. Detail of primary intestinal loop with endocarps. E. Detail of the left gonadal lobes with endocarps.
FIGURE 16 in Pyura (Tunicata: Ascidiacea: Pyuridae) on the coasts of Panama
FIGURE 16. Pyura vittata (Stimpson 1852). A. Right side of animal with the tunic removed. B. Left side of animal with the tunic removed. C. Internal view of oral siphons with spinules. D. Oral siphonal spinules. E. Detail of anterior region (stained). F. Detail of oral tentacles (stained). G. Dissected view with pharynx. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; D = 100 µm.
FIGURE 12 in Pyura (Tunicata: Ascidiacea: Pyuridae) on the coasts of Panama
FIGURE 12. Pyura munita (Van Name, 1902), USNM 1092832. A. Dissected anterior region showing iridescent vellum (arrows). B. microscopic view of vellum showing tile-like scales.
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