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38 results for “Quaternary extinctions”
Fig. 8 in Taxonomic, biogeographic, and taphonomic reassessment of a large extinct species of paca from the Quaternary of Brazil
Fig. 8. Taphonomic aspects of the extinct paca Cuniculus rugiceps (Lund, 1837) from Cuvieri Cave (minimum age of ~30 ky), Lagoa Santa. A. Stratigraphic distribution of plotted specimens (specimens recovered by sieving are not represented) relative to the flowstone dated. Clusters of dots in the lower layers of Locus 3A and 3B represent bones preserved in anatomical association. Black arrow indicates the position of the 8 m deep pitfall. B. Excavation record of specimens in anatomical association (B1) with schematic indication of bone elements (B2). C. Left femur in posterior view (CVL3P13911), showing bone modifications caused by rodent gnawing (arrows; see the remarkable circular opening of diaphysis). D. Right innominate in medial view (CVL3B2165a), showing initial cracking caused by weathering (arrows).
Fig. 7 in Taxonomic, biogeographic, and taphonomic reassessment of a large extinct species of paca from the Quaternary of Brazil
Fig. 7. Distribution of the extinct Cuniculus rugiceps and extant species of Cuniculus and its fossil record. References in the text.
Fig. 3 in Taxonomic, biogeographic, and taphonomic reassessment of a large extinct species of paca from the Quaternary of Brazil
Fig. 3. Fossils of the extinct paca Cuniculus rugiceps (Lund, 1837) from Cuvieri Cave (minimum age of ~30 ky). A. Fossil 7 (CVL3 P13160), dorsal portion of the skull in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), right lateral (A3), left lateral (A4), and posterior (A5) views. B. Fossil 8 (CVL3 P13168), right zygomatic arch in dorsal (B1), lateral (B2), and anterior (B3) views. C. Fossil 4 (CVL3 P13342), right dentary in lateral (C1) and medial (C2) views. D. Fossil 2 (CVL3 P11221), anteroventral face of the mentonian region of a right dentary showing rugosities. White arrows, discrete notch on the dorsal edges of the orbits; black arrows, large and deep notch on the bottom of the infraorbital foramen.
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic, biogeographic, and taphonomic reassessment of a large extinct species of paca from the Quaternary of Brazil
Fig. 1. Map showing the location of the Brazilian studied areas (A), and maps of Cuvieri Cave (Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais) (B), and Toca de Cima dos Pilão Cave (Serra da Capivara, Piauí) (C). In Cuvieri Cave, fossils were excavated from Locus 3, and in Toca de Cima dos Pilão, fossils were excavated from Salão Terezinha. Map in B courtesy of Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos and Grupo Bambuí de Pesquisas Espeleológicas, map in C adapted from Acervo da Fundação Museu do Homem Americano.
Fig. 6 in Taxonomic, biogeographic, and taphonomic reassessment of a large extinct species of paca from the Quaternary of Brazil
Fig. 6. Principal component analysis performed using the pooled-within species covariance matrix based on six dentary linear distances. Graydotted lines and associated numbers show the variables that have high correlations (r> 0.5) with each of the PCs. The gray numbers represent the measurements described in SOM 1.
Fig. 2 in Taxonomic, biogeographic, and taphonomic reassessment of a large extinct species of paca from the Quaternary of Brazil
Fig. 2. Fossils from the Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, attributed to extinct pacas (ages unknown). A, B. Specimens assigned to "Cuniculus paca forma major" Lund, 1839. A. ZMK 1/1845:2029, mandible in occlusal (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. ZMK 1/1845:13450, maxilla with P4–M3 series in occlusal view (B1); fragment of jugal in lateral view (B2). C. Atlas (ZMK 1/1845:2989) assigned to "Cuniculus paca forma laticeps" by Winge (1887), which Lund (1837) described as Cuniculus rugiceps. Arrow is pointing to the rugosities on the dorsal surface. D. Syntypes of Cuniculus rugiceps from Lagoa Santa with the original label of Herluf Winge (D1) and Lund's (1837) illustration (D2) comparing the right jugal of C. rugiceps ("Fig. 3") with C. paca ("Fig. 4") (Lund 1837: pl. 3, 1840 [1841c]: pl. 20).
Fig. 4 in Taxonomic, biogeographic, and taphonomic reassessment of a large extinct species of paca from the Quaternary of Brazil
Fig. 4. Fossils of the extinct paca Cuniculus rugiceps (Lund, 1837) from Cuvieri Cave (minimum age of ~30 ky) (A, B) and modern specimen of Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766 from Rio Grande do Sul (C). A. Fossil 7 (CVL3 P13160), cranial roof in dorsal (A1) and lateral (A3) views, detail (A2). B. Fossil 8 (CVL3 P13168), right zygomatic arch in dorsal (B1) and lateral (B2) views, detail (B3). C. MCN.D 207, skull in dorsal (C1) and lateral (C3) views, details (C2, C4).
Fig. 5 in Taxonomic, biogeographic, and taphonomic reassessment of a large extinct species of paca from the Quaternary of Brazil
Fig. 5. Lower cheek teeth of the extinct paca Cuniculus rugiceps (Lund, 1837) from Cuvieri Cave (minimum age of ~30 ky). A1, B–F, ontogenetic sequence of cheek teeth. A. Fossil 6 (CVL3 P13344) (image inverted). A1, dp4–m2, the m3 is lacking due to fragmentation. A2, dentary in medial view showing p4 replacing the dp4 (arrow). B. Fossil 4 (CVL3 P13342) (image inverted), showing dp4–m3. C. Fossil 1 (CVL3 4052), showing the p4 erupting and the m3 completely functional. D. Fossil 5 (CVL3 P13145), showing p4–m3. E. Fossil 3 (CVL3 P13149), showing p4–m3. F. Fossil 2 (CVL3 P11221), showing p4–m3. G, H. Isolated molars from Toca de Cima dos Pilão deposits; in occlusal (G1, H1) and lingual (G2, H2) views. G. FUMDHAM 188-19036, possible right m3. H. FUMDHAM 188-19521, possible right m2.
Figure 11 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 11. Left pectoral and forelimb skeleton of Voay robustus: humerus in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views; ulna in medial (C) and lateral (D) views; radius in dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views; scapula, lateral view (G); coracoid, lateral view (H). Scale = 1 cm, but elements not from the same individual. The radius is BMNH r2091; the remaining bones are currently BMNH uncategorized.
Figure 15. BMNH r2027 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 15. BMNH r2027, Voay robustus, sutured nuchal osteoderms, posterior (A) and dorsal (B) views. Scale = 1 cm.
Figure 8 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 8. Right external otic recess and aperture, illustrating condition of descending squamosal lamina. A, TMM m-1786, Crocodylus niloticus. B, AMNH 3101, Voay robustus. C, AMNH 10082, Osteolaemus osborni (holotype). Scale = 1 cm.
Figure 13. BMNH uncategorized, Voay robustus. A in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 13. BMNH uncategorized, Voay robustus. A, right ischium, lateral view. B, right pubis, lateral view.
Figure 14 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 14. Hindlimb skeleton of Voay robustus: BMNH uncategorized, right femur, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views; MNHN 1908−5, left tibia, anterior (C) and posterior (D) views; BMNH uncategorized, right fibula, medial (E) and lateral (F) views. Scale = 1 cm.
Figure 7. BMNH r2193 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 7. BMNH r2193, Voay robustus, right quadrate ramus showing condition of descending lamina of squamosal (dLs). Scale = 1 cm.
Figure 6 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 6. Right maxillae, medial view, showing medial wall of caviconchal recess (ccr). A, BMNH r2193, Voay robustus. B, UCMP 140795, Crocodylus niloticus. C, UF 34784, Osteolaemus tetraspis. Scale = 1 cm.
Figure 5. Internal choana, ventral view. A, AMNH 3101, Voay robustus. B, TMM m-1786, Crocodylus niloticus. C, AMNH 10083 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 5. Internal choana, ventral view. A, AMNH 3101, Voay robustus. B, TMM m-1786, Crocodylus niloticus. C, AMNH 10083, Osteolaemus osborni (holotype). Scale = 1 cm.
Figure 9 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 9. Right suborbital fenestra, lateral oblique view, showing condition of the anterior ramus of the ectopterygoid (ear). A, BMNH uncategorized, Voay robustus. B, TMM m-1786, Crocodylus niloticus. Scale = 1 cm.
Figure 17 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 17. Strict consensus of 344 972 equally optimal trees (consistency index = 0.408, retention index = 0.794, length = 472); maximum parsimony analysis, 66 ingroup taxa, 166 morphological characters (see the Appendix).
The hidden legacy of megafaunal extinction: loss of functional diversity and resilience over the late Quaternary at Hall's Cave
<p>This dataset contains trait data and R code used in the analysis for the paper "Hedberg, C.P., Lyons S.K., & Smith F.A. (2021). THe Hidden Legacy of megafaunal extinction: loss of functional diversity and resilience over the Late Quaternary at Hall's Cave. Global Ecology and Biogeography. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13428"</p> <p>We collected data for eight functional traits (mass, diet, arboreality, cursoriality, soil disturbance, group size, activity period, migration habit) that collectively describe a species' ecological role and influence on ecosystem processes. With these data, we investigated changes in functional diversity and redundancy of a local mammal community over time at Hall's Cave, a site in Central Texas with a continuous record from 21,000 years ago to the present. Additionally, we included several common introduced and domestic species to the modern community to test whether they restore some lost ecological function. </p> <p>We found that declines in functional diversity were greater than expected given the decrease in species richness, implying lost taxa contributed higher than average distinct ecological function. Functional distances between remaining species increased through time leading to lowered functional redundancy in younger communities. However, recently introduced taxa increased functional diversity to levels similar to the Holocene and partially restored functional space occupied by Late Pleistocene fauna. Our local-scale analysis demonstrates how prolonged biodiversity erosion not only leads to functionally depauperate communities, but critically lowers ecological resilience to future disturbance.</p>
Figure 10. BMNH r2081 in Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar
Figure 10. BMNH r2081, Voay robustus, parietal, dorsal view. Scale = 1 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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