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10 results for “Radiative kernel”
Arctic Gridded surface cloud fraction radiative kernels (GCF-CRKs)
<p><span>These <a name="OLE_LINK1"></a>gridded surface cloud fraction radiative kernels (GCF-CRKs) are created by integrating refined downwelling surface shortwave radiation (DSSR) estimates and a high-precision cloud fraction (CF). The DSSR is corrected by a CF-dependent model, which leveraging the correlation between the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave radiative parameters and surface radiation, combined with high-precision fused CF datasets from multiple satellite sources. </span></p> <p><span><span> </span>There are five individual files. “SFC_SW_Kernel_Arc.nc” is for CRKs of all clouds, “SFC_SW_lowcloud_Kernel_Arc.nc” is for CRKs of low-level clouds, “SFC_SW_midlowcloud_Kernel_Arc.nc” is for CRKs of mid-low-level clouds, “SFC_SW_midhighcloud_Kernel_Arc.nc” is for CRKs of mid-high-level clouds, and “SFC_SW_highcloud_Kernel_Arc.nc” is for CRKs of high-level clouds. The four cloud layers are derived from four pressure layers (surface to 700 hPa, 700-500 hPa, 500-300 hPa, and 300-50 hPa, representing low, middle-low, middle-high, and high clouds, respectively) based on the CERES-SYN stratification standard.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>The file format is netcdf4, and was created by Matlab. To read these files, any software supporting netcdf4 can be used. These files only involved sunlit months from Apr to Sep during 2000-2020, with the longitude from -180°~180° and the latitude from 60°N~90°N.</span></p>
Radiative kernels for Isca v1.0
<p>The radiative kernels for <a href="https://github.com/ExeClim/Isca">Isca</a> v1.0, in which the basic states are from simulations (T42, 25 vertical levels) without sea ice and clouds. Here we provided radiative kernels for a hierarchy of radiation schemes in Isca, including:</p> <ul> <li>Frierson scheme (gray radiation scheme without water vapor feedback): temperature radiative kernel at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and surface temperature radiative kernel.</li> <li>Byrne and O'Gorman (BOG) scheme (gray radiation scheme, but with water vapor feedback): temperature and water vapor radiative kernels at TOA and surface temperature radiative kernel.</li> <li>RRTM scheme (full radiation scheme): Similar as the BOG scheme, but only zonal mean results.</li> </ul> <p>The scripts to calculate the offline radiative kernels can be found at: <a href="https://github.com/lqxyz/Isca_kernels">https://github.com/lqxyz/Isca_kernels</a>, and the input data is available at DOI:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4071837">10.5281/zenodo.4071837</a>.</p>
TOA and surface cloud radiative kernels calculated with RRTM
<p> These cloud radiative kernels (CRK) are calculated with RRTM, with meteorological variables from ERA-interim as inputs. The file format is netcdf4, and was created by python. To read these files, any software supporting netcdf4 can be used. </p> <p> Longwave cloud radiative effect at surface is primarily decided by cloud base properties, while top-of-atmosphere (TOA) cloud radiative effect is primarily decided by cloud top properties, so the standard version of surface CRK is a function of latitude, longitude, month, cloud optical thickness (τ) and cloud base pressure (CBP), and the TOA CRK is a function of latitude, longitude, month,τ and cloud top pressure (CTP). Considering that the cloud property histograms provided by climate models are functions of CTP instead of CBP at present, we created a set of surface CRK on CTP-τ cloud fraction histograms using the statistical relationship between CTP, CBP and τ from collocated CloudSat-MODIS observations.</p> <p> There are five individual files. "SFC_CRK_CBP2.nc" is for surface CRK on CBP-τ histograms, "SFC_CRK_CTP2.nc" is for surface CRK on CTP-τ histograms, and "TOA_CRK_CTP2.nc" is for TOA CRK on CTP-τ histograms. The atmospheric CRK can be calculated as the difference between "TOA_CRK_CTP2.nc" and "SFC_CRK_CTP2.nc". The other two files denote separate CRK for ice and liquid clouds. </p> <p> </p> <p> Notes: (1) this version is used in the submitted draft for publication, and it might be renewed in the future.</p> <p> (2) To avoid NAN values, the value of CBP/CTP is set to be the lowest level near surface for cloud bins with CBP/CTP greater than surface air temperature (cloud base or top is below surface). </p> <p> </p>
A monthly shortwave radiative forcing kernel for surface albedo change using CERES satellite data
We present a radiative kernel for surface albedo change founded on a novel, simplified parameterization of shortwave radiative transfer driven with inputs from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Energy Balance and Filled (EBAF) Edition 4.0 products based on a 16-year climatology (2001-2016). Both monthly temporally-explicit and monthly climatological mean CERES albedo change kernels (CACK) are provided with their respective uncertainty layers. Octave script files for generating monthly CACK from CERES EBAF data and demonstrating the application of CACK with user-specified temporal and spatial extents are also included.
CAM3 Radiative Kernel
<p>CAM3 radiative kernel data</p>
HadGEM3-GA7.1 radiative kernels
<p>This dataset provides radiative kernels based on the HadGEM3-GA7.1 atmospheric model. The kernels are produced with respect to a pre-industrial baseline. For a full description of their construction and comparison to other radiative kernels, see the open access publication in Earth System Science Data:</p> <p>Smith, C. J., Kramer, R. J., and Sima, A.: The HadGEM3-GA7.1 radiative kernel: the importance of a well-resolved stratosphere, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2157–2168, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2157-2020">https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2157-2020</a>, 2020</p> <p>Four kernels are available:</p> <ul> <li>HadGEM3-GA7.1_TOA_kernel_L19.nc : top-of-atmosphere radiative kernels interpolated vertically to 19 CMIP6 standard pressure levels (1000, 925, 850, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 70, 50, 30, 20, 10, 5, 1 hPa). This kernel should be able to be applied to any model output from CMIP6, following a horizontal regridding.</li> <li>HadGEM3-GA7.1_srf_kernel_L19.nc : as above, for radiation changes at the surface</li> <li>HadGEM3-GA7.1_TOA_kernel_L85.nc : top-of-atmosphere kernels on the native 85-level HadGEM3 vertical grid. This version is only directly useable if dealing directly with native L85 HadGEM3 or UKESM1 model output (and in which case is likely to be more accurate than the L19 version). These versions also contain model level mean pressures and layer thicknesses, so this kernel can be interpolated to other model vertical grids. </li> <li>HadGEM3-GA7.1_srf_kernel_L85.nc : as above for surface fluxes.</li> </ul>
Input data for Isca radiative kernel offline calculation
<p>Input data for calculating the radiative kernels (offline) for Isca, including:</p> <ul> <li>three hourly climatology from Isca with Byrne & O'Gorman (BOG) radiaiton scheme</li> <li>three hourly climatology from Isca with RRTM radiaiton scheme</li> <li>ozone file for RRTM</li> </ul>
An Assessment of Short-term Global and East Asian Local Climate Feedbacks using New Radiative Kernels
<p>High-resolution figures</p>
TES/Aura L2 Instantaneous Radiative Kernel Nadir Special Observation V008
TL2IRKNS_8 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Instantaneous Radiative Kernel Nadir Special Observation Version 8 data product. TES was an instrument aboard NASA's Aura satellite and was launched from California on July 15, 2004. Data collection for TES is complete. Using TES radiances, Jacobians and ozone profiles with hemispherical integration, it was possible to compute the TOA (top-of-atmosphere) flux from the infrared ozone band (in W/m2), instantaneous radiative kernels (IRK) (in W/m2/ppb), and logarithmic instantaneous radiative forcing kernels (LIRK) (in W/m2) for ozone. The IRK provided unique information for questions of chemistry-climate coupling since this was a direct measure of the radiative role of ozone, which explicitly accounted for more dominant radiative processes such as clouds and water vapor. These products can be compared to climate model predictions of the same quantities.TES Level 2 data contains retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality, and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) were also provided. L2 modeled spectra were evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compared observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updated the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files included information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consisted of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits. A nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey was a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consisted of four files, where each file was composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations only used a single set of filter mix. A Global Survey consisted of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 3,200 retrievals were performed. Each observation was the input for retrievals of species volume mixing ratios (VMRs), temperature profiles, surface temperature and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density, and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reported information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object was bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product could have had a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging is employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals were not reported. The organization of data within the Swath object was based on a superset of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) pressure levels that was used to report concentrations of trace atmospheric gases. The reporting grid was the same pressure grid used for modeling. There were 67 reporting levels from 1211.53 hPa, which allowed for very high surface pressure conditions, to 0.1 hPa, about 65 km. In addition, the products reported values directly at the surface when possible or at the observed cloud top level. Thus in the Standard Product files each observation could potentially contain estimates for the concentration of a particular molecule at 67 different pressure levels within the atmosphere. However, for most retrieved profiles, the highest pressure levels were not observed due to a surface at lower pressure or cloud obscuration. For pressure levels corresponding to altitudes below the cloud top or surface, where measurements were not possible, a fill value was applied.To minimize the duplication of information between the individual species standard products, data fields common to each species (such as spacecraft coordinates, emissivity, and other data fields) have been collected into a separate standard product, termed the TES L2 Ancillary Data product (ESDT short name: TL2ANC). Users of this product should also obtain the Ancillary Data product.
TES/Aura L2 Instantaneous Radiative Kernel Nadir V008
TL2IRKN_8 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Atmospheric Temperatures Limb Version 8 data product. TES was an instrument aboard NASA's Aura satellite and was launched from California on July 15, 2004. Data collection for TES is complete. Using TES radiances, Jacobians and ozone profiles with hemispherical integration, made it possible to compute the TOA (top-of-atmosphere) flux from the infrared ozone band (in W/m2), instantaneous radiative kernels (IRK) (in W/m2/ppb), and logarithmic instantaneous radiative forcing kernels (LIRK) (in W/m2) for ozone. The IRK provided unique information for questions of chemistry-climate coupling since this is a direct measure of the radiative role of ozone which explicitly accounted for more dominant radiative processes such as clouds and water vapor. These products can be compared to climate model predictions of the same quantities.TES Level 2 data contains retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality, and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) were also provided. L2 modeled spectra were evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compared observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updated the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files included information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consisted of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits. A nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey was a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consisted of four files, where each file was composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations only used a single set of filter mix. A Global Survey consisted of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 3,200 retrievals were performed. Each observation was the input for retrievals of species volume mixing ratios (VMRs), temperature profiles, surface temperature and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density, and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reported information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object was bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product could have had a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging is employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals were not reported. The organization of data within the Swath object was based on a superset of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) pressure levels that was used to report concentrations of trace atmospheric gases. The reporting grid was the same pressure grid used for modeling. There were 67 reporting levels from 1211.53 hPa, which allowed for very high surface pressure conditions, to 0.1 hPa, about 65 km. In addition, the products reported values directly at the surface when possible or at the observed cloud top level. Thus in the Standard Product files each observation could potentially contain estimates for the concentration of a particular molecule at 67 different pressure levels within the atmosphere. However, for most retrieved profiles, the highest pressure levels were not observed due to a surface at lower pressure or cloud obscuration. For pressure levels corresponding to altitudes below the cloud top or surface, where measurements were not possible, a fill value was applied.To minimize the duplication of information between the individual species standard products, data fields common to each species (such as spacecraft coordinates, emissivity, and other data fields) have been collected into a separate standard product, termed the TES L2 Ancillary Data product (ESDT short name: TL2ANC). Users of this product should also obtain the Ancillary Data product.
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