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62 results for “Rate Adaptation”
Trajectory-Aware Rate Adaptation for Aerial Networks Simulation Results
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Even though the concept of ubiquitous wireless connectivity is becoming a reality, there are scenarios where wireless communications coverage is insufficient or does not exist. Considering natural and man-made disaster scenarios, communications infrastructures may be damaged and become unavailable. In temporary crowded events, the existing infrastructure may not have been designed to cope with the additional traffic demand, resulting in overload. In maritime scenarios, environmental monitoring activities using autonomous vehicles will take place in offshore zones, typically not in range of existing onshore communications infrastructures.</p> <p>Flying networks, composed of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), are emerging as a flexible and cost-effective solution to provide on-demand wireless connectivity in such scenarios. UAVs have the possibility to operate virtually everywhere, and the growing payload capacity makes them suitable platforms to carry wireless communications hardware, playing the role of mobile base stations, access points or relay nodes. A flying network may typically be composed of a fleet of UAVs, organized in a multi-tier topology with so-called Flying Edge Nodes (FENs) and Flying Gateways (FGWs) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2022.103000">[1]</a>. FENs can play the role of Flying Access Points that provide the access network to the users on the ground, or the role of Flying Sensor Nodes that can perform video surveillance missions. The FENs forward the traffic to the FGWs, that act as relay nodes and are responsible for forwarding the traffic to/from the backhaul (BKH) network and ultimately to/from the Internet.</p> <p>The flying network concept brings up new challenges. The flying nodes need to be properly positioned and their wireless link configuration dynamically adjusted in order to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS) expected by the end users. In addition, these scenarios are typically highly unpredictable due to the varying locations as well as the concentration/dispersion of end-users and their movements regarding direction and velocity - e.g., vehicles or pedestrians. Therefore, a static wireless link configuration and UAV positioning are not adequate. State of the art work has been mainly focused on the optimal positioning of the flying nodes, having most of the wireless link parameters statically configured with default values. The Rate Adaptation challenge is well-known in fixed or low mobility IEEE 802.11 networks, and Minstrel High Throughput (HT) <a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/376765">[2]</a> is the default Wi-Fi rate adaptation algorithm used in the Linux kernel since the IEEE 802.11n version. However, few works propose solutions designed to consider the characteristics of other communications environments, such as flying and vehicular networks <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02295-2">[3]</a>. To the best of our knowledge, solutions that use the node trajectory information to predict the wireless channel conditions and perform rate adaptation are yet to be developed.</p> <p>The main contribution of this paper is the Trajectory-Aware Rate Adaptation (TARA) algorithm. TARA takes advantage of knowing the trajectory of all nodes in the flying network to estimate future changes in the wireless link quality and perform rate adaptation accordingly. The network performance improvement achieved with TARA was evaluated using ns-3 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12331-3_2">[4]</a>. The simulation results presented in this dataset show significant throughput gains when compared with conventional rate adaptation algorithms.</p> <p><strong>Folder Organization</strong></p> <p>The following dataset presents the results of the TARA Paper, organized in different folders for each Rate Adaptation Algorithm, as well as the random seeds that were used to obtain such results:</p> <p><strong>Naming Convention:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Rate Adaptation Algorithm<strong> </strong> <ul> <li><strong>tara </strong>– Trajectory-Aware Rate Adaptation</li> <li><strong>min </strong>– MinstrelHTWifiManager</li> <li><strong>id </strong>– IdealWifiManager</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Folder Content: </strong></p> <ul> <li><em>distances.csv - </em><strong>Distances between nodes</strong> <ul> <li>Column 1 – <strong>Simulation Time </strong>(seconds)</li> <li>Column 2 – <strong>Distance between BKH and FGW</strong> (meters)</li> <li>Column 3 – <strong>Distance between FEN and FGW </strong>(meters)</li> </ul> </li> <li><em>positions.csv</em> <em>- </em><strong>Current 3D position of nodes</strong> <ul> <li>Column 1 – <strong>Simulation Time </strong>(seconds)</li> <li>Column 2 – <strong>BKH x </strong>(meters)</li> <li>Column 3 – <strong>BKH y </strong>(meters)</li> <li>Column 4 – <strong>BKH z </strong>(meters)</li> <li>Column 5 – <strong>FEN x </strong>(meters)</li> <li>Column 6 – <strong>FEN y </strong>(meters)</li> <li>Column 7 – <strong>FEN z </strong>(meters)</li> <li>Column 8 – <strong>FGW x </strong>(meters)</li> <li>Column 9 – <strong>FGW y </strong>(meters)</li> <li>Column 10 – <strong>FGW z </strong>(meters)</li> </ul> </li> <li><em>throughput.csv</em> - <strong>Link Specific Throughput, at MAC layer level</strong> <ul> <li>Column 1 – <strong>Simulation Time </strong>(seconds)</li> <li>Column 2 – <strong>Relay Link (BKH - FGW), Throughput measured in BKH </strong>(Mbit/second)</li> <li>Column 3 – <strong>Access Link (FEN - FGW), Throughput measured in FEN </strong>(Mbit/second)</li> <li>Column 4 – <strong>Relay Link (BKH - FGW), Throughput measured in FGW </strong>(Mbit/second)</li> <li>Column 5 – <strong>Access Link (FEN - FGW), Throughput measured in FGW </strong>(Mbit/second)</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
An experimental test of the Growth Rate Hypothesis as a predictive framework for microevolutionary adaptation
<p><span>The growth rate hypothesis (GRH), a central concept of ecological stoichiometry, posits that the relative body phosphorus content of an organism is positively related to somatic growth rate as protein synthesis, which is necessary for growth, requires P-rich rRNA and has strong support at the interspecific level. Here, we explore the use of the GRH to predict microevolutionary responses in consumer body stoichiometry. For this, we subjected zooplankton populations to selection for fast population growth (PGR) in P-rich (HPF) and P-poor (LPF) food environments. With common garden transplant experiments, we demonstrate that in HP populations evolution towards increased PGR was concomitant with an increase in relative phosphorus content. In contrast, LP populations evolved higher PGR without an increase in relative phosphorus content. We conclude that the GRH has the potential to predict microevolutionary change, but that its application is contingent on the environmental context. Our results highlight the potential of cryptic evolution in determining the performance response of populations to elemental limitation of their food resources.</span></p>
Dataset for study: Adaptive Hip Exoskeleton Control using Heart Rate Feedback Reduces Oxygen Cost during Ecological Locomotion
<p>This record contains the dataset for a manuscript currently under preparation and submission. See the description PDF file for more details. The information here will be updated according to the progress in the peer review and publication procedure.</p>
Data from: Selection on growth rate and local adaptation drive genomic adaptation during experimental range expansions in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila
<p>1. Populations that expand their range can undergo rapid evolutionary adaptation of life-history traits, dispersal behaviour, and adaptation to the local environment. Such adaptation may be aided or hindered by sexual reproduction, depending on the context.</p> <p>2. However, few empirical and experimental studies have investigated the genetic basis of adaptive evolution during range expansions. Even less attention has been given to the question how sexual reproduction may modulate such adaptive evolution during range expansions.</p> <p>3. We here studied genomic adaptation during experimental range expansions of the protist <em>Tetrahymena thermophila</em>in landscapes with a uniform environment or a pH-gradient. Specifically, we investigated two aspects of genomic adaptation during range expansion. Firstly, we investigated adaptive genetic change in terms of the underlying numbers of allele frequency changes from standing genetic variation and <em>de novo</em><span> variants. We focused on how sexual reproduction may alter this adaptive genetic change. Secondly, we identified genes subject to selection caused by the expanding range itself, and directional selection due to the presence or absence of the pH-gradient. We focused this analysis on alleles with large frequency changes that occurred in parallel in more than one population to identify the most likely candidate targets of selection. </span></p> <p><span>4. We found that sexual reproduction altered adaptive genetic change both in terms of <em>de novo</em></span><span> variants and standing genetic variation. However, sexual reproduction affected allele frequency changes in standing genetic variation only in the absence of long-distance gene flow. Adaptation to the range expansion affected genes involved in cell divisions and DNA repair, whereas adaptation to the pH-gradient additionally affected genes involved in ion balance, and oxidoreductase reactions. These genetic changes may result from selection on growth and adaptation to low pH. </span></p> <p><span>5. In the absence of gene flow, sexual reproduction may have aided genetic adaptation. Gene flow may have swamped expanding populations with maladapted alleles, thus reducing the extent of evolutionary adaptation during range expansion. Sexual reproduction also altered the genetic basis of adaptation in our evolving populations via <em>de novo </em>variants, possibly by purging deleterious mutations or by revealing fitness benefits of rare genetic variants. </span></p>
Dataset for Adaptive Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy with a Deformable Mirror for Video-Rate Volumetric Imaging
<p>1. Underlying data of figures in the paper </p> <p>2. Background images used to process the experimental data</p> <p>3. image stack of 250 nm beads</p> <p>4. image stack of sunflower pollen grains</p> <p>5. image stacks and videos of Fluo-4 labelled cells</p> <p>6. image stacks and videos of CMO-labelled cells</p> <p>The data is organised according to the figures they are related to in the following publication:</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/Hong%2C+Wenzhi">Wenzhi Hong</a><em>, </em><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/Wright%2C+Terry">Terry Wright</a><em>, </em><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/Sparks%2C+Hugh">Hugh Sparks</a><em>, </em><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/Dvinskikh%2C+Liuba">Liuba Dvinskikh</a><em>, </em><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/MacLeod%2C+Ken">Ken MacLeod</a><em>, </em><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/Paterson%2C+Carl">Carl Paterson</a><em>, and </em><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/Dunsby%2C+Chris">Chris Dunsby</a> </p> <p>, "Adaptive light-sheet fluorescence microscopy with a deformable mirror for video-rate volumetric imaging", Appl. Phys. Lett. 121, 193703 (2022) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125946">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125946</a></p>
An experimental test of the Growth Rate Hypothesis as a predictive framework for microevolutionary adaptation
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Data from: Selection on growth rate and local adaptation drive genomic adaptation during experimental range expansions in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Developmental life history is associated with variation in rates of climatic niche evolution in a salamander adaptive radiation
Rates of climatic niche evolution vary widely across the tree of life and are strongly associated with rates of diversification and the accumulation of species diversity among clades. However, why the climatic niche evolves more rapidly in some lineages than others remains unclear. Variation in life history traits often plays a key role in determining the environmental conditions under which species can survive, and therefore, could impact the rate at which lineages can expand in available climatic niche space. Here, we explore the relationships among life-history variation, climatic niche breadth, and rates of climatic niche evolution. We reconstruct a new phylogeny for the genus Desmognathus, an adaptive radiation of salamanders distributed across eastern North America, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Using this phylogeny, we estimate rates of climatic niche evolution for species with long, short, and no aquatic larval stage. Rates of climatic niche evolution are unrelated to the mean climatic niche breadth of species with different life histories. Instead, we find that the evolution of a short larval period promotes greater exploration of climatic space, leading to increased rates of climatic niche evolution across species having this trait. We propose that morphological and physiological differences associated with variation in larval stage length underlie the heterogeneous ability of lineages to explore climatic niche space. Rapid rates of climatic niche evolution among lineages with short larval periods were an important dimension of the clade's adaptive radiation and likely contributed to the rapid rate of lineage accumulation following the evolution of an aquatic life history in this clade. Our results show how variation in a key life-history trait can constrain or promote divergence of the climatic niche, leading to variation in rates of climatic niche evolution among lineages.
Climate-related adaptation of metabolic rate across the distribution of a broadly tolerant invasive forest pest
<p>Metabolic rate is a widely-studied physiological species trait related to energetics, climate, and geographic distributions. Hypotheses have been proposed to explain variation in metabolic rate, but evidence has been mixed due to the limited sampling scope of intraspecific studies. Successful biological invasions offer a unique opportunity to examine the development of intraspecific physiological variation and how it relates to climate, invasive spread, and species range limits. Here we conducted a macro-scale study of routine metabolic rate variation across the Spongy moth (<em>Lymantria dispar</em>) invasive range in North America. We found a positive latitudinal cline with population-specific metabolic rates increasing from the southern range to the north that was significantly related to climate. Our comprehensive macrophysiological analyses provide further evidence that local adaptation of physiological and life history traits to climate has played a significant role in the spread of <em>L. dipsar</em> across the landscape in the past 150 years.</p>
Corals adapted to extreme and fluctuating seawater pH increase calcification rates and have unique symbiont communities
<p>Ocean acidification (OA) is a severe threat to coral reefs mainly by reducing their calcification rate. Identifying the resilience factors of corals to decreasing seawater pH is of paramount importance to predict the survivability of coral reefs in the future. This study compared corals adapted to variable pH<sub>T</sub> (i.e., 7.23–8.06) from the semi-enclosed lagoon of Bouraké, New Caledonia, to corals adapted to more stable seawater pH<sub>T</sub> (i.e., 7.90-8.18). In a 100-day aquarium experiment, we examined the physiological response and genetic diversity of Symbiodiniaceae from three coral species (<em>Acropora tenuis</em>, <em>Montipora</em> <em>digitata</em> and <em>Porites</em> sp.) from both sites under three stable pH<sub>NBS</sub> conditions (8.11, 7.76, 7.54) and one fluctuating pHNBS regime (between 7.56 and 8.07). Bouraké corals consistently exhibited higher growth rates than corals from the stable pH environment. Interestingly, <em>A</em>. <em>tenuis</em> from Bouraké showed the highest growth rate under the 7.76 pH<sub>NBS</sub> condition, whereas for <em>M. digitata</em> and <em>Porites</em> sp. from Bouraké, growth was highest under the fluctuating regime and the 8.11 pH<sub>NBS</sub> conditions, respectively. While OA generally decreased coral calcification by ca. 16%, Bouraké corals showed higher growth rates than corals from the stable pH environment (21% increase for <em>A. tenuis</em> to 93% for <em>M. digitata</em>, with all pH conditions pooled). This superior performance coincided with divergent symbiont communities that were more homogenous for Bouraké corals. Corals adapted to variable pH conditions appear to have a better capacity to calcify under reduced pH compared to corals native to more stable pH conditions. This response was not gained by corals from the more stable environment exposed to variable pH during the 100-day experiment, suggesting that long-term exposure to pH fluctuations and/or differences in symbiont communities benefit calcification under OA.</p>
The code used to simulate range expansion in "The effect of the recombination rate between adaptive loci on the capacity of a population to expand its range"
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Developmental life history is associated with variation in rates of climatic niche evolution in a salamander adaptive radiation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Corals adapted to extreme and fluctuating seawater pH increase calcification rates and have unique symbiont communities
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Cold adaptation increases rates of nutrient flow and metabolic plasticity during cold exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
Metabolic flexibility is an important component of adaptation to stressful environments, including thermal stress and latitudinal adaptation. A long history of population genetic studies suggest that selection on core metabolic enzymes may shape life histories by altering metabolic flux. However, the direct relationship between selection on thermal stress hardiness and metabolic flux has not previously been tested. We investigated flexibility of nutrient catabolism during cold stress in Drosophila melanogaster artificially selected for fast or slow recovery from chill coma (i.e. cold-hardy or -susceptible), specifically testing the hypothesis that stress adaptation increases metabolic turnover. Using 13C-labelled glucose, we first showed that cold-hardy flies more rapidly incorporate ingested carbon into amino acids and newly synthesized glucose, permitting rapid synthesis of proline, a compound shown elsewhere to improve survival of cold stress. Second, using glucose and leucine tracers we showed that cold-hardy flies had higher oxidation rates than cold-susceptible flies before cold exposure, similar oxidation rates during cold exposure, and returned to higher oxidation rates during recovery. Additionally, cold-hardy flies transferred compounds among body pools more rapidly during cold exposure and recovery. Increased metabolic turnover may allow cold-adapted flies to better prepare for, resist and repair/tolerate cold damage. This work illustrates for the first time differences in nutrient fluxes associated with cold adaptation, suggesting that metabolic costs associated with cold hardiness could invoke resource-based trade-offs that shape life histories.
Data from: Maternal effects in a wild songbird are environmentally plastic but only marginally alter the rate of adaptation
Despite ample evidence for the presence of maternal effects (MEs) in a variety of traits and strong theoretical indications for their evolutionary consequences, empirical evidence to what extent MEs can influence evolutionary responses to selection remains ambiguous. We tested the degree to which MEs can alter the rate of adaptation of a key life-history trait, clutch size, using an individual-based model approach parameterized with experimental data from a long-term study of great tits (Parus major). We modeled two types of MEs: (i) an environmentally plastic ME, in which the relationship between maternal and offspring clutch size depended on the maternal environment via offspring condition, and (ii) a fixed ME, in which this relationship was constant. Although both types of ME affected the rate of adaptation following an abrupt environmental shift, the overall effects were small. We conclude that evolutionary consequences of MEs are modest at best in our study system, at least for the trait and the particular type of ME we considered here. A closer link between theoretical and empirical work on MEs would hence be useful to obtain accurate predictions about the evolutionary consequences of MEs more generally.
Data from: Elevated evolutionary rates of biting biomechanics reveal patterns of extraordinary cranio-dental adaptations in some herbivorous dinosaurs
<p>Adaptation to specialist ecologies is a key innovation that has contributed to the evolutionary success of many vertebrate clades, underpinning the acquisition of diverse skull morphologies. Dinosaurs, which dominated Mesozoic terrestrial faunas, acquired herbivory multiple times, including in clades historically regarded as predominantly carnivorous. The evolution of herbivory in theropod dinosaurs is linked to drastic changes in dental and craniomandibular functional morphology, yet whether such changes occurred more rapidly in herbivorous lineages compared to in carnivorous lineages remains untested in a phylogenetic framework. Here, we infer rates of phenotypic evolution in relative biting edge lengths to test the hypothesis that the acquisition of herbivory is associated with rapid changes in jaw biomechanics. We find elevated rates of biomechanical evolution in theropods with foreshortened and beaked skulls (Oviraptorosauria, <em>Limusaurus</em>), as well as in ceratopsians and <em>Diplodocus</em>. A reduced biting edge length and increased jaw efficiency unites these high-rate lineages, indicating selection for greater efficiency in biting biomechanics. Additionally, we hypothesise that extreme ontogenetic changes within species' lifetimes may be behind some instances of branch-wise elevated rates. Thus, we show how exceptional rates of biomechanical evolution can reveal signatures of adaptations within dinosaur lineages and potentially along ontogenetic sequences.</p>
Estimating the transfer rates of bacterial plasmids with an adapted Luria–Delbrück fluctuation analysis
<p>This repository accompanies the publication of <strong><em>Estimating the rate of plasmid transfer with an adapted Luria–Delbrück fluctuation analysis</em></strong> by Kosterlitz et. al. to provide a consolidated and accessible way of viewing the source data, figures, and custom programs.</p>
Estimating the rates of adaptive evolution in fungal species using whole-genome sequences - v0.1
<p>GitHub script version v0.1</p>
Rate Adaptive Atrial Pacing in Heart Failure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03235843. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Version of Functional Rating Index in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06793254. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
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