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98 results for “Reintroductions”
Public perceptions of an avian reintroduction aiming to connect people with nature
<p>Full raw dataset (quantitative and qualitative) and R code for quantitative analyses, associated with the publication "Public perceptions of an avian reintroduction aiming to connect people with nature" <em>People and Nature</em>. Survey responses are presented here anonymised. Please note that where the term 'Proactive' sample is used this is referred to as the 'Self selecting' sample in the associated journal article.</p>
Figure 3. A in Reintroduction of a Native Hawaiian Bee, Hylaeus anthracinus (F. Smith) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), to Part of its Former Range
Figure 3. A newly released Hylaeus being attacked by Pheidole megacephala almost immediately after being released at site 3.
Figure 1 in Reintroduction of a Native Hawaiian Bee, Hylaeus anthracinus (F. Smith) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), to Part of its Former Range
Figure 1. Map of the source sites in South Kohala and North Kona, and release sites at PUHO (inset).
Fig. 2 in MHC-associated Baylisascaris schroederi load informs the giant panda reintroduction program
Fig. 2. Effects of MHC genotypes on (a–b) infection probability, (c–d) EPG of B. schroederi using important predictors. The Bars show the 95%CI.
Fig. 3 in MHC-associated Baylisascaris schroederi load informs the giant panda reintroduction program
Fig. 3. Effects of MHC alleles on infection probability (a and b) and EPG (c and d) of B. schroeder.i. The bars show the 95%CI.
Dataset of: Community perspectives on the prospect of lion (Panthera leo) reintroduction to Comoé National Park, Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa)
<p><span>The civil war in Côte d'Ivoire led to a hike in human disturbances and the extirpation of the African lion (<em>Panthera</em> <em>leo</em>) from the Comoé National Park (CNP). After the war, many efforts have been made to restore this ecosystem and management is considering the reintroduction of lions. In participatory management with people at the center of conservation, there is a need to discuss with communities the initiatives affecting their livelihoods. We assessed the acceptance of lion reintroduction by the local communities; through semi-structured questionnaires to 307 volunteer participants in surrounding 23 villages. Most respondents had knowledge of lions from CNP (93%, n=286). A generalized linear model (GLM) revealed that </span><span>sex, profession, perceived benefits and risks, and an appreciation of the current management system are the main significant determinants for the acceptance of lion reintroduction in CNP.</span><span> A large majority (73%, n=223) were in favor of the lion reintroduction with significant variance among socio-professional categories. The majority of respondents (81%, n=250) acknowledged having coexisted with lions, with previous lion conflicts reported by 20% (n = 61), and a willingness to coexist in the future by 74% (n = 227). More than 84% (n=260) believed that there would be benefits associated with lion reintroduction to CNP and 53% (n=162) believed that the potential benefits would be greater than the possible risks associated with lions. Most respondents (88%; n=270) confirmed the possibility of taking precautions to prevent future lion attacks. While only 42% (n = 129) of respondents felt that current management was participatory, most of them felt that it was acceptable (83%; n = 254). </span><span>Our data shows a large degree of lion support, positive perceptions, and willingness to coexist with lions in the future. These results form part of a fundamental step in the direction for ethical reintroduction, as described by the IUCN reintroduction specialist group</span><span>. </span><span>We recommend the improvement of the involvement of indigenous communities in potential reintroduction of lions, especially the pastoralists, and the sharing of any associated benefits.</span></p>
Dataset of: Community perspectives on the prospect of lion (Panthera leo) reintroduction to Comoé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)
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Archaeological mitogenomes illuminate the historical ecology of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and the viability of reintroduction
<p class="CxSpFirst">Genetic analyses are an important contribution to wildlife reintroductions, particularly in the modern context of extirpations and ecological destruction. To address the complex historical ecology of the sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) and its failed 1970s reintroduction to coastal Oregon, we compared mitochondrial genomes of pre-extirpation Oregon sea otters to extant and historical populations across the range. We sequenced the first complete ancient mitogenomes from archaeological Oregon sea otter dentine and historical sea otter dental calculus. Archaeological Oregon sea otters (N=20) represent ten haplotypes, which cluster with haplotypes from Alaska, Washington, and British Columbia, and exhibit a clear division from California haplotypes. Our results suggest that extant northern populations are appropriate for future reintroduction efforts. This project demonstrates the feasibility of mitogenome capture and sequencing from non-human dental calculus and the diverse applications of ancient DNA analyses to pressing ecological and conservation topics and the management of at-risk/extirpated species.</p>
Data from: Landscape heterogeneity is key to forecasting outcomes of plant reintroduction
Conservation and restoration projects often involve starting new populations by introducing individuals into portions of their native or projected range. Such efforts can help meet many related goals, including habitat creation, ecosystem service provisioning, assisted migration, and the reintroduction of imperiled species following local extirpation. The outcomes of reintroduction efforts, however, are highly variable, with results ranging from local extinction to dramatic population growth; reasons for this variation remain unclear. Here, we ask whether population growth following plant reintroductions is governed by variation at two scales: the scale of individual habitat patches to which individuals are reintroduced, and larger among-landscape scales in which similar patches may be situated in landscapes that differ in matrix type, soil conditions, and other factors. Quantifying demographic variation at these two scales will help prioritize locations for introduction and, once introductions take place, forecast population growth. This work took place within a large-scale habitat fragmentation experiment, where individuals of two perennial forb species were reintroduced into eight replicate ~50 ha landscapes, each containing a set of five ~1 ha patches that varied in their degree of isolation (connected by habitat corridors or unconnected) and edge-to-area ratio. Using data on individual growth, survival, reproductive output, and recruitment collected one to two years after reintroduction, we developed models to forecast population growth, then compared forecasts to observed population sizes, three and six years later. Both the type of patch (connected and unconnected) and identity of the landscape to which individuals were reintroduced had effects on forecasted population growth rates, but only variation associated with landscape identity was an accurate predictor of subsequently observed population growth rates. Models that did not include landscape identity had minimal forecasting ability, revealing the key importance of variation at this scale for accurate prediction. Of the five demographic rates used to model population dynamics, seed production was the most important source of forecast error in population growth rates. Our results point to the importance of accounting for landscape-scale variation in demographic models and demonstrate how such models might assist with prioritizing particular landscapes for species reintroduction projects.
Data from: Disease and climate effects on individuals drive post-reintroduction population dynamics of an endangered amphibian
The emergence of novel pathogens often has dramatic negative effects on previously unexposed host populations. Subsequent disease can drive populations and even species to extinction. After establishment in populations, pathogens can continue to affect host dynamics, influencing the success or failure of species recovery efforts. However, quantifying the effect of pathogens on host populations in the wild is challenging because individual hosts and their pathogens are difficult to observe. Here we use long-term mark-recapture data to describe the dynamics of reintroduced populations of an endangered amphibian (Rana sierrae) and evaluate the success of these recovery efforts in the presence of a recently-emerged pathogen, the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We find that high B. dendrobatidis infection intensities are associated with increases in frog detectability and reductions in survival. When average infection intensities are high, adults are more likely to gain infections and less likely to lose infections. We also find evidence for intensity-dependent survival, with heavily infected individuals suffering higher mortality. These results highlight the need in disease ecology for probabilistic approaches that account for uncertainty in infection intensity using imperfect observational data. Such approaches can advance the understanding of disease impacts on host population dynamics, and in the current study will improve the effectiveness of species conservation actions.
Data and code for: Species-specific effects of production practices on genetic diversity in plant reintroduction programs
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Plant production practices can influence the genetic diversity of cultivated plant materials and, ultimately, their potential to adapt to a reintroduction site. A common step in the plant production process is the application of seed pre-treatment to alleviate physiological seed dormancy and successfully germinate seeds. In production settings, the seeds that germinate more rapidly may be favored in order to fill plant quotas. In this study, we investigated how the application of cold-moist stratification treatments with different durations can lead to differences in the genetic diversity of the propagated plant materials. Specifically, we exposed seeds of three <em>Viola</em> species to two different cold stratification durations, and then we analyzed the genetic diversity of the resulting subpopulations through </span><span>double-digestion restriction site-associated sequencing (ddRADseq). Our results show that, in two out of three species, utilizing a short stratification period will decrease the genetic diversity of neutral and expressed loci, likely due to the imposition of a genetic bottleneck and artificial selection. We conclude that, in some species, the use of minimal stratification practices in production may jeopardize the adaptive potential and long-term persistence of reintroduced populations and suggest that practitioners carefully consider the evolutionary implications of their production protocols. We highlight the need to consider the germination ecology of target species when selecting the length of dormancy-breaking pre-treatments.</span></p>
Data: Detecting preservation and reintroduction sites for endangered plant species using a two-step modelling and field approach
<p><span>To withstand the surge of species loss worldwide, (re)introduction of endangered plant species has become an increasingly common technique in conservation biology. Successful (re)introduction plans, however, require identifying sites that provide the optimal ecological conditions for the target species to thrive. In this study, we propose a two-step approach to identify appropriate (re)introduction sites. The first step involves modelling the niche and distribution of the species with bioclimatic and topographical predictors, both at continental and at national scales. The second step consists of refining these bioclimatic predictions by analysing stationary ecological parameters, such as soil conditions, and relating them to population-level fitness values. We demonstrate this methodology using Swiss populations of the lady's slipper orchid (<em>Cypripedium calceolus</em> L., Orchidaceae), for which conservation plans have existed for years but have generally been unfruitful. Our workflow identified sites for future (re)introductions based on the species requirements for mid-to-sunny light conditions and specific soil physico-chemical properties, such as basic to neutral pH and low soil organic matter content. Our findings show that by combining wide-scale bioclimatic modelling with fine scale field measurements it is possible to carefully identify the ecological requirements of a target species for successful (re)introductions.</span></p>
Supplementary data from: A genetic assessment of natural barriers for isolating a proposed Greenback cutthroat trout reintroduction area
<p>We used genetic techniques to evaluate a series of natural waterfalls for their potential to serve as barriers to prevent nonnative salmonids from entering a proposed reintroduction area for federally threatened Greenback cutthroat trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias</em>. Genetic samples were collected from nonnative Brook Trout <em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em> at 11 sampling reaches above and below natural waterfalls (height: ~1-3 m under baseflow conditions) along a 33-km segment of Colorado's upper Cache la Poudre River near the outflow of the proposed reintroduction area. To evaluate whether upstream movement of Brook Trout is restricted by any of these waterfalls, we characterized longitudinal trends in genetic diversity along the river corridor and examined patterns of genetic differentiation and population structure in relation to waterfall locations using a panel of microsatellites. We found no evidence that the waterfalls served as complete movement barriers for nonnative Brook Trout based on genetic clustering analyses, estimates of population differentiation, and longitudinal genetic patterns. Our multi-locus assessment did not identify alleles restricted to downstream reaches, and the river segment was genetically homogenized. This evaluation suggests that the existing waterfalls do not fully prevent upstream movement by nonnative Brook Trout, and thus barrier modification would be needed to establish an isolated Greenback cutthroat trout population in the proposed wilderness area.</p>
Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: evidence from a reintroduction -- dataset
<p>Publicly available dataset for:</p> <p>N. Ranc, F. Cagnacci & P.R. Moorcroft. In Press. Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: evidence from a reintroduction. Ecology Letters.</p> <p> </p> <p>The dataset contains the following fields:</p> <p>- animal_id: unique roe deer identifier.<br> - x: x position (spatial projection system: LAEA Europe, EPSG 3035; relative to the origin of the environmental rasters; missing data indicated by -9999).<br> - y: y position.</p> <p> </p> <p>The modelling code and instructions can be found a separate Zenodo/GitHub repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5208215).</p>
Data and code to analyze reproductive rates of California Condors in the first two decades of reintroduction in California
<p>In the first comprehensive assessment of the reproductive rates of critically endangered California Condors (<em>Gymnogyps californianus</em>) recovering from complete extirpation in the wild, we analyzed 20 years (1999–2018) of data from condor flocks in southern and central California. We found that several anthropogenic threats affected reproductive rates: (1) coastal space use by female condors was associated with lower hatch probability, presumably due to marine mammal foraging and associated DDE exposure, (2) trash ingestion by chicks decreased fledging probability prior to implementation of trash management in 2007, and (3) all parent deaths during rearing resulted in chick or early fledgling deaths, and most parental deaths were due to lead poisoning. We also detected several effects on reproductive rates of the complex individual-based management of condors, which involves ongoing releases of captive-bred individuals and health interventions including treatment of lead poisoning. Recruitment rates were lower for new release sites, which we attribute to a lack of individual- and flock-level experience. In addition, the number of free-flying days in the wild was positively associated with female and male recruitment and with female rebreeding probabilities, indicating that removing individuals from the wild may reduce their breeding success. Finally, probabilities of recruitment, rebreeding, and fledging all increased with age, and given the age distribution skew of the recovering flocks towards younger individuals, overall reproductive success was lower than would be expected at the stable age distribution. Thus, reproductive rates should increase over time as the mean age of California Condors increases if current and emerging threats to reproduction, including the loss of breeders due to lead poisoning, can be addressed.</p>
Data from: Perspectives of New York State residents to deer management, hunting, and predator reintroductions
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Supplementary data from: A genetic assessment of natural barriers for isolating a proposed Greenback cutthroat trout reintroduction area
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Supporting reintroduction planning: A framework integrating habitat suitability, connectivity and individual-based modelling. A case study with the Eurasian lynx in the Apennines
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Divergent values and perspectives drive three distinct viewpoints on grizzly bear reintroduction in Washington, USA
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Data from: Disease and climate effects on individuals drive post-reintroduction population dynamics of an endangered amphibian
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.