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22 results for “Removal Rates”
RIV07 Seeding rates woody removal of a tallgrass prairie stream and riparian zone after a decade of woody vegetation removal
In fall of 2010 in watershed N2B ( 39.088976°, -96.588599°), we established plant community plots to assess the potential ability of the riparian zone to shift to a grassland state based on cutting alone and cutting with replanting. The three treatments were 1) naturally open riparian grassland before the removal, 2) areas cleared of woody vegetation, and 3) areas cleared of woody vegetation and seeded with prairie plant species. The addition of the seeded treatment was designed to address if recovery of grassland vegetation is hindered by propagule limitation. The seeded and non-seeded removal plots were adjacent to each other and randomly assigned. In each community type, there were four plots, each of which was 10 m parallel along and 3 m perpendicular to the stream channel. Each plot had four plant composition transects along which we sampled four one m2 subplots along each transect. Vegetative cover of vascular plant species was determined using a modified Daubenmire scale (Gibson and Hulbert 1987).
Data from: Mechanisms underpinning the net removal rates of dissolved organic carbon in the global ocean
<p>With almost 700 Pg of carbon, marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stores more carbon than all living biomass on Earth combined. However, the environmental controls behind the persistence and the spatial patterns of DOC concentrations on basin scale remain largely unknown, precluding quantitative assessments of the fate of this large carbon pool in a changing climate. We present the first global dynamic DOC model in agreement with more than 40,000 DOC observations, in which a feedback between DOC and picoheterotrophs is explicitly included (model of MICrobial-DOC interactions, MICDOC). This dataset contains model output and related information for a global model simulation in which a colimitation of macronutrients and organic carbon on microbial DOC uptake is implemented and explains >70% of the global variation of observed DOC concentrations. It provides the model output, source code and meta data for the simulations performed for the publication (doi: 10.1029/2023GB007912) "Mechanisms Underpinning the Net Removal Rates of<br>Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Global Ocean" by Lennartz et al.</p>
Effects of Plant Removal on Mineralization Rates at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gunnison County, Colorado: 2018
The loss of aboveground plant diversity alters belowground ecosystem function; yet, the mechanisms underpinning this relationship and the degree to which plant community structure and climate mediate the effects of plant species loss remain unclear. Here, we explored how plant species loss through experimental removal shaped belowground function in ecosystems characterized by different climatic regimes and edaphic properties. We measured plant community composition as well as potential carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization through laboratory soil incubations and microbial extracellular enzyme activity in soils collected from four unique plant removal experiments located along an elevational gradient in Colorado, USA, during the summer of 2018. We found that regardless of the identity of the removed species or the climate at each site plant removal decreased the absolute variation in potential N-mineralization rates and marginally reduced the magnitude of N-mineralization rates. While plant species removal also marginally reduced C-mineralization rates, C-mineralization, unlike N-mineralization, displayed sensitivity to the climatic and edaphic differences among sites, where C-mineralization was greatest at the high elevation site that receives the most precipitation annually and contains the largest soil total C pools. Plant removal had little impact on soil enzyme activity. Removal effects were not contingent on the amount of biomass removed annually, and shifts in mineralization rates occurred despite only marginal shifts in plant community structure following plant species removal. Our results present a surprisingly simple and consistent pattern of belowground response to the loss of dominant plant species across an elevational gradient with different climatic and edaphic properties, suggesting a common response of belowground ecosystem function to plant species loss regardless of which plant species are lost or the broader climatic context.
Hummingbirds rapidly respond to the removal of visible light and control a sequence of rate-commanded escape maneuvers in milliseconds
<p>Hummingbirds routinely execute a variety of stunning aerobatic feats, which continue to challenge current notions of aerial agility and controlled stability in biological systems. Indeed, the control of these amazing maneuvers is not well understood. Here we examined how hummingbirds control a sequence of maneuvers within milliseconds and tested whether and when they use vision during this rapid process. We repeatedly elicited escape flights in Calliope hummingbirds and removed visible light during each maneuver at various instants and quantified their flight kinematics and responses. We show that the escape maneuvers were composed of rapidly-controlled sequential modules including evasion, reorientation, nose-down dive, forward flight, and nose-up to hover. The hummingbirds did not respond to the light removal during evasion and reorientation until a critical light-removal time; afterward, they showed two categories of luminance-based responses that rapidly altered maneuvering modules to terminate the escape. We also show that hummingbird maneuvers were rate-commanded and required no active braking, i.e., their body angular velocities were proportional to the change of wing motion patterns, a trait that likely alleviates the computational demand on flight control. This work uncovers key traits of hummingbird agility, which can also inform and inspire designs for next-generation agile aerial systems.</p>
Restrictive Versus Liberal Rate of Extracorporeal Volume Removal Evaluation in Acute Kidney Injury
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05306964. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 13.
Warming increases environmental DNA (eDNA) removal rates in flowing waters
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Hummingbirds rapidly respond to the removal of visible light and control a sequence of rate-commanded escape maneuvers in milliseconds
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Elucidating mechanisms of invasion success: effects of parasite removal on growth and survival rates of invasive and native frogs
<p>1. Identifying the mechanisms underlying biological invasions can inform the management of invasive species. The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) suggests that invasive species have a competitive advantage in their introduced range because they leave behind many of their predators and parasites from their native range, allowing them to shift resources from defenses to growth, reproduction, and dispersal. Many studies have demonstrated that invasive species have fewer parasites than their native counterparts, but few studies have tested whether the loss of these natural enemies appears to be a primary driver of the invasion process.</p> <p>2. To test the ERH, we conducted a mark-recapture study in which we used an anthelmintic drug to successfully reduce parasitic worms in invasive Cuban treefrogs (<em>Osteopilus septentrionalis</em>) and native treefrogs (<em>Hyla</em> spp.) at half of 12 wetlands, marking nearly 4,200 frogs. If the ERH is supported, we would expect that treating for parasitic worms would have a greater benefit to native than invasive hosts.</p> <p>3. Growth and survival rates of invasive and native treefrogs responded similarly to the anthelmintic treatment, suggesting that the Cuban treefrog's release from parasitic worms does not appear to significantly contribute to its invasiveness in established areas. Instead, it appears that the overall faster rates of growth and maturation, higher survival rates, and larger body sizes of Cuban treefrogs that we observed may contribute to their expansion and proliferation.</p> <p>4. <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Although Cuban treefrogs have a lower diversity of parasitic worms in their invasive than native range, this does not appear to significantly contribute to their invasion success in areas where they have been established for more than 20 years. This suggests that any manipulation of parasites in invasive or native hosts would not be an effective method of controlling Cuban treefrogs or reducing their impacts. Further research into other hypotheses is needed to explain the Cuban treefrog's success and help guide management actions to reduce their spread and negative impacts. Our study demonstrates that enemy release may not be a primary driver of invasiveness, highlighting the need for more experimental tests of the enemy release hypothesis to examine its generality.</p>
Data from: Trait-associated loss of frugivores in fragmented forest does not affect seed removal rates
Seed dispersal by frugivorous animals forms the basis for regeneration of numerous plant species. Habitat fragmentation has been found to be one major factor perturbing frugivore communities and dependent plant species. Yet, community-wide consequences of fragmentation for both frugivore and plant communities are still hardly understood. Here, we studied the effects of habitat fragmentation on the seed removal by frugivorous birds and mammals from nine fleshy-fruited plant species in Białowieża Forest (Eastern Poland). This last relict of old-growth lowland forest in Europe poses an exceptional reference site for studying the impact of habitat fragmentation on seed dispersal processes in temperate forest ecosystems. In particular, (i) we tested for associations between forest fragmentation and response traits of frugivores, that is forest specialization and body mass; (ii) we studied the relationship between frugivore response and effect traits, that is centrality (number of consumed plant species) and interaction type (mutualistic vs. antagonistic); and (iii) we assessed the feedback of fragmentation-induced changes on plant–frugivore interactions and seed removal rates. We found that fragmentation led to shifts in the frugivore community, associated with the response traits forest specialization and body mass, with fewer forest specialists and large-bodied frugivores in fragmented than in continuous forests. However, forest generalists and small-bodied frugivores were more central in the plant–frugivore associations than forest specialists and large-bodied frugivores. Therefore, the loss of vulnerable species did not result in reduced seed removal rates in fragmented compared with continuous forest. Synthesis. These results indicate that seed removal may be relatively robust in spite of shifts in the frugivore community in forest fragments. The correlation between response and effect traits of frugivores highlights the importance of forest generalists and small-bodied frugivores for maintaining dispersal processes in fragmented forests in temperate regions. Yet, future studies should aim at quantifying the consequences of seed disperser loss on other aspects of dispersal, such as long-distance dispersal, spatial patterns of seed deposition, seed germination and plant regeneration.
Data from: Contemporary evolution of plant growth rate following experimental removal of herbivores
Herbivores are credited with driving the evolutionary diversification of plant defensive strategies over macroevolutionary time. For this to be true, herbivores must also cause short-term evolution within plant populations, but few studies have experimentally tested this prediction. We addressed this gap using a long-term manipulative field experiment where exclosures protected 22 plant populations from natural rabbit herbivory for <1 to 26 years. We collected seeds of Rumex acetosa L. (Polygonaceae) from our plots and grew them in a common greenhouse environment to quantify evolved differences among populations in individual plant growth rate, tolerance to herbivory, competitive ability, and the concentration of secondary metabolites (tannins and oxalate) implicated in defense against herbivores. In 26 years without rabbit herbivory, plant growth rate decreased linearly by 30%. We argue that plant growth rate has evolved as a defense against intense rabbit herbivory. In contrast, we found no change in tolerance to herbivory or concentrations of secondary metabolites. We also found no change in competitive ability, suggesting that contemporary evolution may not feed back to alter ecological interactions within this plant community. Our results combined with those of other studies show that the evolution of gross morphological traits such as growth rate in response to herbivory may be common, which calls into question assumptions about some of the most popular theories of plant defense.
Effect of Cervical Discharge Removal During ET on Pregnancy Rate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01156181. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effect of Timing of Removal of Wound Dressing on Surgical Site Infection Rate After Cesarean Delivery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02902419. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 13.
Trial Comparing Relapse Rates Between Standard Ureteroscopic Removal Of Ureteral Stone And Standard Removal With Additional Ureterorenic Clearing Of Non-Symptomatic Stones In The Kidney
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02210650. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
An Observational Study to Determine the Clinical Cure Rate of Therapeutic up Front Shave Removal of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin With Long Term Follow up to Evaluate Recurrence
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02296970. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Study to See if Microcoil Insertion Reduces the Rate of Open Thoracotomy for Removal of Lung Nodules
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01028417. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Trait-associated loss of frugivores in fragmented forest does not affect seed removal rates
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Contemporary evolution of plant growth rate following experimental removal of herbivores
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Elucidating mechanisms of invasion success: effects of parasite removal on growth and survival rates of invasive and native frogs
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplementary material 1 from: Yackel Adams AA, Nafus MG, Klug PE, Lardner B, Mazurek MJ, Savidge JA, Reed RN (2019) Contact rates with nesting birds before and after invasive snake removal: estimating the effects of trap-based control. NeoBiota 49: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.49.35592
: Data type: TIF File (.tif)
The Effect of 5-FU and LMW Heparin on the Rate of Retinal Redetachment After Silicone Oil Removal in Cases of PVR
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00371020. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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