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430 results for “Reproductive success”
Data from: Flock size and structure influence reproductive success in four species of flamingo in 540 captive populations worldwide
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This dataset accompanies the publication "<strong>Flock size and structure influence reproductive success in four species of flamingo in 540 captive populations worldwide</strong>" published in Zoo Biology. It contains anonymised data from 540 captive flamingo populations, and includes the four species: <em>Phoeniconaias minor, Phoenicopterus chilensis, Phoenicopterus roseus</em> and<em> Phoenicopterus ruber</em>. Data were sourced from the Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS), operated by Species360 (https://www.species360.org/). ZIMS is the largest real-time database of comprehensive and standardized information spanning more than 1,200 zoological collections globally, and provides the number of institutions currently managing each flamingo species and both their current and historic population sizes. These data were used to investigate the relationship between reproductive success and both flock size, and structure, on a global scale.</p> <p>This dataset also contains climatic data provided by WorldClim, which were used to assess the influence of climatic variables on captive flamingo reproductive success globally. The WorldClim database averages 19 different climatic variables derived from monthly temperature and rainfall values at a 1 km spatial resolution for the period 1970-2000. Using geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) we calculated several climatic metrics for each institution. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description of the Dataset</strong></p> <p>One file is provided for each species (<em>P. minor, P. chilensis, P. roseus </em>and <em>P. ruber</em>) as a csv file. Each file contains the following 15 columns:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Institution Code: </strong>An anonymous code used to identify individual zoological institutions. </li> <li><strong>Country: </strong>The country where the institution is located.</li> <li><strong>Year: </strong>Current year (<em>t</em>).</li> <li><strong>Flock Size:</strong> Flock size in year <em>t.</em></li> <li><strong>Males: </strong>The number of males in the flock in year <em>t.</em> </li> <li><strong>Females:</strong> The number of females in the flock in year <em>t.</em></li> <li><strong>Unsexed:</strong> The number of unsexed individuals in the flock in year <em>t.</em></li> <li><strong>Proportion of Females: </strong>The proportion of the flock made up of female individuals in year <em>t</em>. </li> <li><strong>Proportion of Unsexed:</strong> The proportion of the flock made up of unsexed individuals in year <em>t.</em></li> <li><strong>Hatches:</strong> Number of birds hatched in year <em>t.</em></li> <li><strong>Proportion of Additions:</strong> The proportion of the flock in year <em>t</em> made up of additions from year <em>t-1</em> (not including new birds hatched into the flock).</li> <li><strong>MAP: </strong>Mean annual precipitation (mm).</li> <li><strong>MAT: </strong>Mean annual temperature (°C).</li> <li><strong>MAP Var: </strong>Mean annual variation in precipitation (MAP coefficient of variation).</li> <li><strong>MAT Var: </strong>Mean annual variation in temperature (MAT standard deviation).</li> </ul> <p>Note: Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) is provided by WorldClim as °C multiplied by 10, and similarly mean annual variation in temperature as MAT standard deviation multiplied by 100. In the corresponding publication, both were divided (by 10 and 100 respectively) prior to modelling to avoid confusion in the units used.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>We acknowledge and thank all Species360 member institutions for their continued support and data input. The research which data refers to was funded by the Irish Research Council Laureate Awards 2017/2018 IRCLA/2017/60 to Y.M.B. Additionally, S.Q.S. received funding from the International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology. The Species360 Conservation Science Alliance would like to thank their sponsors: the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Wildlife Reserves of Singapore, and Copenhagen Zoo. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Disclaimer</strong></p> <p>Despite our best efforts at screening the data for errors and inconsistencies, some information could be erroneous. Similarly, data contained within ZIMS are based on submitted records from individual institutions, and are not subject to editorial verification, potentially permitting errors or failure to update species holdings etc. Despite this, ZIMS represents the only global database of zoo collection composition records, and as a result, is used by the IUCN, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), the Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network (TRAFFIC), United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Credit</strong></p> <p>If you use this dataset, please cite the corresponding publication:</p> <p>Mooney, A., Teare, J. A., Staerk, J.,Smeele, S. Q., Rose, P., Edell, R. H., King, C. E., Conrad, L., & Buckley, Y. M. (2023). Flock size and structure influence reproductive success in four species of flamingo in 540 captive populations worldwide.<em> Zoo Biology</em>, 1–14. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21753">https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21753</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Wetland Performance Standard - Plant Reproductive Success
These data describe annual estimates reproductive success (measured by seed set) of salt marsh plants at the San Dieguito Wetland as part of the SONGS San Dieguito Wetland Restoration mitigation monitoring program designed to track long-term patterns in reproductive success of wetland plants. Monitoring began in 2012.
Adelie penguin reproduction success, 1991-2024
The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. No lay dates were recorded during the 2020-2021 season due to a late start to the field season due to COVID. No data collected during the 2021-2022 season due to the Palmer Station Pier Build.
Data from: "Using low-fix rate GPS telemetry to expand estimates of ungulate reproductive success"
<p>Secondary datasets used for analysis in "Using low-fix rate GPS telemetry to expand estimates of ungulate reproductive success". Raw GPS relocation data are not publicly available due to potential ethical implications but are available from the corresponding author (Nathan Hooven, nathan.d.hooven@gmail.com) upon reasonable request. Datasets include:</p> <p>elk_days_part.csv: generated movement metrics and days from parturition for all cow elk for which reproductive success was confirmed</p> <p>elk_np.csv: generated movement metrics for non-parturient cow elk</p> <p>elk_unknowns.csv: generated movement metrics for cows with unknown reproductive status, but were confirmed pregnant in mid-winter</p> <p>elk_thisyear.csv: generated movement metrics for 2020 Vectronic cows monitored in 2021</p> <p>Part_dates.csv: Confirmed and predicted dates of parturition for all elk in training and testing sets</p> <p>all_prob_summary_parturient.csv: Confirmed and predicted dates of parturition and differences for confirmed successful elk</p> <p>Decision rules 1.xlsx: Spreadsheet with classification accuracy based upon varying decision rules</p> <p>Decision rules 2.csv: Plottable summary of classification accuracy based upon varying decision rules</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary material for "Long-term trends of reproductive success of black grouse Lyrurus tetrix in the southern Swiss Alps in relation to changes in climate and land use"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Breeding success of an Alpine black grouse <em>Lyrurus tetrix</em> population in southern Switzerland was monitored from 1981 to 2020. This long-term dataset allows exploring relationships of reproductive rates with climate and habitat, which have shown marked changes during this period. Over the 40 years, the average elevation of black grouse breeding sites increased by around 100 m in Central/Southern Ticino but showed only a slight increase in Northern Ticino, where black grouse occur at higher elevations. Average reproductive rates in Northern Ticino remained constant throughout the study period but declined in Central/Southern Ticino. Relationships between reproductive success and weather as well as habitat variables were analysed with a multiple regression model. Temperature during the early chick-rearing phase and the time of egg-laying was positively correlated with reproductive rate. Correlations between reproductive rates and precipitation were less clear, and only small proportions of the variance in reproductive rates could be explained by precipitation. Brush forest explained the greatest amount of variation in reproductive rate (6.2%). Forest, alpine agricultural areas, and unproductive vegetation all showed a positive relationship with reproductive rate, but the proportion of the variance explained was small. Year (5.1%) and its interaction with region (2.3%) explained considerable amounts of the variance. While in Northern Ticino reproductive success did not show a negative trend when correcting for weather and habitat changes, there remained a negative trend over the years in Central/Southern Ticino. Despite the positive correlations of reproductive rate with temperature, increasing temperatures do not appear to have improved reproductive success, likely as a result of habitat changes that forced black grouse towards higher elevations. Changes in reproductive success were limited to the southern region, indicating deteriorating conditions at the edge of the distribution range.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Reproductive success of the wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix varies across Europe
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Differences in population trends across a species’ breeding range are ultimately linked to variation in demographic rates. In small songbirds, demographic rates related to fecundity typically have strong effects on population trends. Populations of a forest songbird, the wood warbler <em>Phylloscopus sibilatrix</em>, have been declining in many but not all regions of the European breeding range. We investigated if clutch size, hatching rate, nest survival, and number of fledglings vary across Europe, and if nest survival is related to differences in the regionally dominant nest predator class (birds vs. mammals). From 2009 to 2020, we monitored 1896 nests and used cameras at a subsample of 645 nests in six study regions: the United Kingdom (mid-Wales, Dartmoor, New Forest), Germany (Hessen), Switzerland (Jura mountains), and Poland (Białowieża National Park). Number of fledglings was lowest in New Forest (1.43±CI 0.23), intermediate in Jura (2.41±0.31) and Białowieża (2.26±0.24), and highest in mid-Wales (3.02±0.48) and Dartmoor (2.92±0.32). The reason for low reproductive success in New Forest, Jura, and Białowieża was low nest survival, and large clutch sizes in Białowieża did not compensate for high nest losses. High reproductive success in mid-Wales and Dartmoor was due to high nest survival and large clutch sizes. Overall predation rates were similar everywhere despite variation between the regions in the dominant nest predator class. Unsuccessful nests in mid-Wales were mainly predated by birds, in Dartmoor, New Forest, Hessen, and Jura similarly by birds and mammals, and in Białowieża exclusively by mammals. Regional reproductive success does not match the population trends recently reported for the wood warbler in the six study regions (i.e., high reproduction ≠ positive trend). Annual survival may be a decisive factor, but it is difficult to quantify for a nomadic species such as the wood warbler that rarely returns to the same breeding locations.</p>
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Wetland Survey - Plant Reproductive Success
These data describe annual estimates of seed set for seven common salt marsh plant species at the San Dieguito Wetland collected as part of the SONGS San Dieguito Wetland Restoration mitigation monitoring program designed to evaluate compliance of the restoration project with conditions of the SONGS permit. Monitoring began in 2012.
Intensive male competition caused severity of trauma in female genital tracts predicts female reproductive success and longevity in strictly monandrous wolf spiders
<p>This is the raw data for the manuscript of Dr. Shichang Zhang from Hubei University entitled: <strong>Intensive male competition caused severity of trauma in female genital tracts predicts female reproductive success and longevity in strictly monandrous wolf spiders. </strong></p>
Relative breeding timing and reproductive success of a resident montane bird species
<p>The phenological match-mismatch hypothesis predicts that animals that better synchronize critical life history events with the peak availability of their primary food source should have higher fitness. If phenological match-mismatch determines breeding success, most individuals in a population may be expected to breed simultaneously within a given year because selection has favored mechanisms that allow for the tracking of optimal food abundance. Therefore, individuals that breed too early or too late relative to the bulk of the population ("peak" of breeding) should experience decreased fitness. Using 11 years of data, we investigated the effect of relative breeding timing on breeding success in resident mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli) across two elevations in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA. Chickadees that bred during the peak of nesting did not have the highest breeding success; instead, birds that bred earliest performed best at high elevation, while at low elevation early and peak nests performed similarly. Breeding success decreased linearly with relative timing at both high and low elevations, and the relationship between breeding success and timing differed among years. Our results suggest that phenological match-mismatch may not be the main driver of within-year variation in breeding success in animals residing in montane environments.</p>
Reproductive success of hatchery- and natural-spawning sockeye salmon, Auke Creek, Alaska
<p>Evaluating salmon hatchery supplementation programs requires assessing not only program objectives but identifying potential risks to wild populations as well. Such evaluations can be hampered by difficulty in distinguishing between hatchery- and wild-born returning adults. Here, we conducted three years (2011–2013) of experimental hatchery supplementation of sockeye salmon in Auke Lake, Juneau, Alaska where a permanent weir allows sampling and genotyping of every returning adult (2008–2019). We identified both hatchery- and wild-born returning adults with parentage assignment, quantified the productivity (adult offspring/spawner) of hatchery spawners relative to that of wild spawners, and compared run timing, age, and size at age between hatchery- and wild-born adults. Hatchery-spawning females produced approximately six to 50 times more returning adults than did naturally spawning females. Supplementation had no discernable effect on run timing and limited consequences for size at age, but we observed a distinct shift to younger age at maturity in the hatchery-born individuals in all three brood years. The shift appeared to be driven by hatchery-born fish being more likely to emigrate after one, rather than two, years in the lake but the cause is unknown. In cases when spawning or incubation habitat is limiting sockeye salmon production, hatchery supplementation can be effective for enhancing the number of returning adult fish but not without the risk of phenotypic change in the recipient population, which can be an undesired outcome of hatchery supplementation. This study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that phenotypic change within a single generation of captive spawning might be widespread in salmon hatchery programs.</p>
Baseline glucocorticoids alone do not predict reproductive success across years but in interaction with enzymatic antioxidants
<p>Glucocorticoids are known to adjust organismal functions, such as metabolism, in response to environmental conditions. Therefore, these hormones are thought to play a key role in regulating the metabolically demanding aspects of reproduction, especially in variable environments. However, support for the hypothesis that variation in glucocorticoid concentrations predicts reproductive success is decidedly mixed. Two explanations may account for this discrepancy: a) glucocorticoids might not act independently but could interact with other physiological traits, jointly influencing reproduction, and b) such an association could become apparent primarily in challenging environments when glucocorticoid concentrations increase. To address these two possibilities, we determined natural variation in circulating baseline glucocorticoid concentrations in parental great tits (<em>Parus major</em>) alongside two physiological systems known to be related to an individual's metabolism: oxidative status parameters (i.e., concentrations of pro-oxidants, dietary, and enzymatic antioxidants) and body condition. These systems interact with glucocorticoids and can also influence reproductive success. We measured these variables in two breeding seasons that differed in environmental conditions. When accounting for the interaction of baseline glucocorticoids with other physiological traits, we found a positive relationship between baseline glucocorticoids and the number of fledglings in adult great tits. The strength of this relationship was more pronounced for those individuals who also had high concentrations of the enzymatic antioxidant glutathione peroxidase. When studied independently, glucocorticoids were not related to fitness proxies, even in the year with more challenging environmental conditions. Together, our study lends to support the hypothesis that glucocorticoids do not influence fitness alone, but in association with other physiological systems</p>
Fig. 2 in Reproductive success of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in a fragmented landscape
Fig. 2. StUdY areas in the mUnicipalities of Goianápolis, Leopoldo de BUlhões, BonfinÓpolis, Anápolis, and Hidrolânida, state of Goiás, Brazil.
Fig. 7 in Reproductive success of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in a fragmented landscape
Fig. 7. Results of the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) between parasitoidism rate (proportion of nests attacked by parasitoids) and fragment size. No difference was foUnd between small and large fragments for parasitoidism rate (z = 0.394, p = 0.694).
Fig. 6 in Reproductive success of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in a fragmented landscape
Fig. 6. Results of the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) between the numbers of adults emerged from each nest and fragment size. No difference was foUnd between small and large fragments for sUrvival rate (z = 0.784, p = 0.433).
Fig. 1 in Reproductive success of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in a fragmented landscape
Fig. 1. Specimen of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse Saussure, 1867 (HYmenoptera: Crabronidae) captured in Goianápolis, state of Goiás, Brazil.
Fig. 5 in Reproductive success of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in a fragmented landscape
Fig. 5. Results of the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) between fragment size and the average nUmber of cells per fragment. No difference was found between small and large fragments for mean number of nest cells (z = 1.155, p = 0.248).
Fig. 4 in Reproductive success of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in a fragmented landscape
Fig. 4. Results of the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) between the nests foundation rate and the log of fragment area. The foundation rate increasing with increasing fragment area (z = 8.189, p <0.001).
Fig. 9 in Reproductive success of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in a fragmented landscape
Fig. 9. Results of the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) between sex ratios and fragment size category. Despite a tendency for a biased sex ratio in favor females in small areas, the difference was not significant (z = 1.224, p = 0.221).
Fig. 8 in Reproductive success of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in a fragmented landscape
Fig. 8. Results of the Linear Mixed Model (LMM) between the intergular length of each individual and fragment size category. Fragment size was foUnd to have no inflUence on the size of hatched wasps (z = -0.741, p = 0.982).
Fig. 3 in Spatio-Temporal Structure And Reproductive Success In A Rook (Corvus Frugilegus) Colony
Fig. 3. Relationship between local nest density (number of neighbouring nests within 6 metres) at the date of hatching and hatchling's survival rate (medians). Spearman rank correlation: r s = 0.382, n = 80, P <0.001
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