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30 results for “Resource Acquisition”
Feral pig (Sus scrofa) disturbance facilitates establishment of resource-acquisitive species in Hawaiian forest understories
<p>In this study, we quantify the effects of leaf traits and dispersal attributes on species responses to pig soil disturbance at two spatial scales – 0.5 m<sup>2</sup> patches embedded along 20 m transects within sites – across a gradient of pig density in a Hawaiian montane wet forest using Bayesian mixed models. </p> <p>Native and non-native species demonstrated divergent responses, with increasing presence and abundance of non-native species in the understory as soil disturbance within patches and sites increased. Dominant patterns in measured traits tracked the leaf economic spectrum (LES), with non-native species tending toward resource-acquisitive traits. Species with resource-acquisitive traits, regardless of identity, were favored with disturbance and responded positively to light availability in disturbed sites. Models showed species primarily dispersed by wind were more prevalent in disturbed patches and sites than those dispersed by endozoochory, while seed mass had no effect.</p>
Neonate personality affects early-life resource acquisition in a large social mammal
<p>This file contains the raw data files and R-scripts used for producing the final data sets analyzed in the paper: "Neonate personality affects early-life resource acquisition in a large social mammal". A full and detailed description of the methods can be found in the manuscript, or at request from the author (BA).</p> <p> The R-scripts can be used to follow all the steps taken in producing the final data sets. The findings in the paper can be then reproduced by using the code provided in the supplementary materials (of the paper). </p> <p>The file contains data taken from >150 newborn fallow deer fawns (<em>Dama dama</em>), in two different cohorts. Data were taken at capture and recapture of these fawns, during their first weeks of life. During this period, fallow deer fawns adopt a hiding-strategy where they hide in the vegatation from potential predators. Furthermore, it contains time budget data taken at summer, when fawns were 1-2 months old, and at autumn, when fawns were 3-6 months old. The final file is a datafile that contains data on the days that fawns were spotted in a group of deer for the first time, after their hider-phase.</p> <p>We have provided a README.docx file, which contains additional descriptions of the raw data set and the variables it includes.</p>
Feral pig (Sus scrofa) disturbance facilitates establishment of resource-acquisitive species in Hawaiian forest understories
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Neonate personality affects early-life resource acquisition in a large social mammal
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Data from: Emergence of a resource acquisition tradeoff at the community scale during environmental change
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Data from: Resource acquisition strategies facilitate Gilbertiodendron dewevrei monodominance in African lowland forests
1. Tropical forests are hyperdiverse, yet extensive areas of monodominant forest occur in the tropics worldwide. Most long-lived and persistent monodominant tree species form ectomycorrhizal fungi symbioses, allowing them to obtain nutrients directly from soil organic matter. This might promote monodominance by reducing nutrient availability to co-occurring species, the majority of which form associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. 2. Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest is the most widespread monodominant forest in tropical Africa. Its distribution appears determined in part by moisture availability, but its monodominance is not thought to be driven by its fungal partner or soil fertility. 3. Here we compare soil fertility of twenty G. dewevrei stands to mixed forest from three sites across an 8,400 km2 region of the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo. In contrast to previous studies, we find monodominant G. dewevrei stands associated with infertile soils, as base cations (calcium, magnesium, total exchangeable bases) and extractable manganese are extremely low, and significantly lower in soils under G. dewevrei forest compared to mixed forest. Further, and consistent with ectomycorrhizal forests globally, soil carbon to nitrogen and carbon to phosphorus ratios are significantly higher in G. dewevrei stands than in mixed forest stands, providing evidence in support of direct acquisition of nitrogen and phosphorus from soil organic matter by ectomycorrhizal fungi. 4. Gilbertiodendron dewevrei recruits from the seedling bank, with its large seedlings surviving in high densities for over a decade. We tested whether light plasticity could facilitate monodominance by growing seedlings of G. dewevrei under controlled light conditions. We found that its seedlings grow well under a wide range of irradiance levels and conclude that this plasticity affords a competitive advantage. 5. Synthesis: We reframe the discussion of factors contributing to monodominance of G. dewevrei into one of resource acquisition and use efficiency. In particular, G. dewevrei is associated with moist and infertile soils and competes well under a variety of light conditions. Our data is consistent with a model where root associations with ectomycorrhizal fungi drive monodominance through the direct acquisition of nutrients from soil organic matter, promoting nutrient limitation of co-occurring species.
Vertical structural complexity of plant communities represents the combined effects of resource acquisition and environmental stress on the Tibetan Plateau
<p><span>Knowledge of vertical structural complexity (VSC) is important, because the resulting spatial partitioning is closely linked to resource utilization and environmental adaptation. However, the spatial pattern of VSC </span><span>on </span><span>large scales and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigated 2,013 plant communities through grid sampling on </span><span>the </span><span>Tibetan Plateau (TP). </span><span>VSC was quantified </span><span>as </span><span>the maximum plant height within a plot (Height-max), coefficient of variation of plant height</span><span> (Height-var)</span><span>, and Shannon evenness of plant height (</span><span>Height-even</span><span>)</span><span>. Precipitation dominated the spatial variation in VSC in forests and shrublands, supporting the classic physiological tolerance hypothesis (PTH). In contrast, for alpine meadows, steppes, and desert grasslands in extreme environments, non-resource limiting factors (e.g., wide diurnal temperature ranges and strong winds) dominate VSC variation. Generally, with the shifting of climate from favorable to extreme, the effect of resource availability gradually decreases, but the effect of non-resource limiting factors gradually increase</span><span>s</span><span>, and that the PTH only applicable in "favorable conditions". With </span><span>the help of</span><span> machine learning models, maps of </span><span>VSC</span><span> at 1-km resolution were produced for the TP for the first time</span><span>. Our</span><span> new findings and maps of VSC provide new insights into macroecological studies, especially for adaptation mechanisms and model optimization.</span></p>
Natural selection favours drought escape and an acquisitive resource‐use strategy in semi‐arid Mediterranean shrubs
<ol> <li>Natural selection is the major force driving adaptive evolution in natural populations, varying in strength, direction, and form through space and time, especially in highly variable environments such as Mediterranean ecosystems. Although a conservative resource-use strategy has been hypothesized to be adaptive in Mediterranean taxa, patterns of selection at the intraspecific level, i.e., the suite of traits determining individual fitness, are largely unknown.</li> <li>Using a phenotypic selection experiment in natural semiarid conditions, we measured direct and indirect selection acting through two different fitness components (survival and reproduction), to assess the adaptive value of 20 ecophysiological traits on individuals of two gypsum endemic species, <em>Centaurea</em> <em>hyssopifolia</em> and <em>Helianthemum</em> <em>squamatum</em>, dwelling in environments with contrasting abiotic conditions (south- and north-facing slopes) during two climatically contrasting years (dry and mesic). This allowed quantifying the magnitude and direction of natural selection at different spatiotemporal scales.</li> <li>Our results revealed that different abiotic conditions did not alter selection patterns, being the magnitude of selection more strongly affected by temporal environmental variation. Selection through reproduction indicated consistent selection for early phenology, low water use efficiency, high specific leaf area, low leaf dry matter content, and high leaf N across slopes and years in both species. In contrast, phenotypic trait variation was not linked to survival in either species. Furthermore, while individual reproductive output was higher or similar in environments with higher abiotic stress in both species and years, survival was similar across environmental conditions, and it was neither affected by plant size nor reproductive output.</li> <li>Contrary to our expectations, natural selection via reproductive fitness consistently favoured a drought-escape, acquisitive resource-use strategy in Mediterranean semiarid plants, rather than a conservative resource-use strategy, even under conditions of higher abiotic stress (i.e., south slopes and dry year). Such acquisitive strategy could allow rapid development by maximizing resource assimilation and reproduction before the most limiting climatic conditions of mid-late summer. Our results shed light on adaptive functional strategies of Mediterranean taxa at the intraspecific level, providing insight on future responses to environmental change, and highlight remarkable differences in selection acting through different fitness components.</li> </ol>
Data from: Resource acquisition and pre-copulatory sexual selection
<p>Sexual selection influences the evolution of phenotypic traits and contributes to patterns of biodiversity. In many animals, mating involves sequential steps. Often, individuals must secure resources that are essential for mating (nests, territories, food), and then after securing a resource, individuals engage in competition for access to limited opposite-sex mates and gametes. A large body of empirical research and some verbal models have illustrated that resource acquisition can influence sexual selection. In general, though, we lack <em>a priori</em> predictions of when and how resource acquisition will influence sexual selection. Here, we use a mathematical framework to explore the link between resource acquisition and sexual selection on an advantageous mate-acquisition trait across biologically relevant trade-off scenarios. Our findings provide a set of testable predictions of how resource acquisition can influence sexual selection on mating traits. In general, selection on mate-acquisition traits is expected to be heavily influenced by: 1) the episode of selection considered, and in particular, whether one considers selection associated with the mating pool only or selection associated with both the mating pool and pre-mating pool; 2) whether resource-acquisition and mate-acquisition traits are positively associated or whether they trade off; and 3) the proportion of males with the resource- and mate-acquisition traits.</p>
Lianas have a faster resource acquisition strategy than trees: belowground evidence from root traits, phylogeny, and the root economics space
<p>1. The competitive advantage of lianas over trees has been widely documented in studies of their leaf functional traits across diverse habitats; however, the relative contribution of root functional traits to the competitive superiority of lianas over trees has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore the root functional traits, phylogenetic structure of these traits, and root trait dimensions of lianas to clarify why lianas can outperform trees.</p> <p>2. We sampled 69 liana species from tropical and temperate forests in China and measured nine key functional traits of first-order roots of each species, including morphological, architectural, anatomical, and chemical traits, as well as the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization. Data on these traits were then compared with similar data of 127 tree species from the same biome obtained from the Global Root Traits (GRooT) database and our previous studies.</p> <p>3. Liana roots had lower construction costs and could acquire resources more rapidly compared with tree roots. Significant differences were observed in most tree root traits between tropical and temperate sites. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the liana root traits between tropical and temperate sites, apart from the root branching ratio.</p> <p>4. Lianas showed much weaker phylogenetic conservatism in their root traits than trees when species were pooled across sites. Phylogenetic constraint was lower for nearly all root traits of both temperate lianas and trees compared with those of tropical lianas and trees.</p> <p>5. The root economics space of lianas and trees had two orthogonal dimensions with "conservation" and "collaboration" axes. However, lianas occupied the trait space with higher root nitrogen concentration and greater specific root length, showing "fast" resource acquisition strategy, while trees placed opposite space and exhibited relatively "slow" strategy.</p> <p>6. Synthesis. The ability of lianas to outcompete trees in harsh environments might be explained by their faster resource acquisition strategy and the lower phylogenetic constraint in root traits. Generally, lianas might play an increasingly important role in the structure and function of forest ecosystems in the future with ongoing habitat fragmentation and climate change.</p>
Data for the article: Coupling of leaf elemental traits with root fungal community composition reveals a plant resource acquisition strategy in a desert ecosystem
<p><em>Purpose</em>: Plant-associated microbes enhance nutrient access and stress tolerance of the host species, and therefore, are crucial for plant traits and resource strategies. However, the links between aboveground plant traits and belowground microbes related to plant resource strategies under stressful conditions remain poorly understood.</p> <p><em>Methods</em>: We tested the relationships between leaf traits linked to water (carbon isotopic composition, δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nutrient use (elemental concentrations and stoichiometry) with microbial compositions in roots and rhizospheres of two dominant species (<em>Artemisia ordosica</em> and <em>Leymus secalinus</em>) in the Mu Us Desert, northern China.</p> <p><em>Results</em>: <em>L. secalinus</em> exhibited higher Mg and Mn concentrations, N:P ratios, stoichiometric flexibility, and root fungi:bacteria ratios, but lower foliar K and Ca concentrations and δ<sup>13</sup>C values than <em>A. ordosica</em>. The leaf N:P of <em>L. secalinus</em> increased with the root fungi:bacteria ratios, whereas the leaf N:P of <em>A. ordosica</em> decreased with the root fungi:bacteria ratios. The plant elemental levels (P, N, K, Ca, Mn, and δ<sup>13</sup>C) of <em>L. secalinus</em> but not <em>A. ordosica</em> were significantly related to their root fungal composition. Additionally, the random forest model identified four key fungal families in predicting leaf elemental traits for both plant species.</p> <p><em>Conclusion</em>: The results suggested tight coupling and coordination between leaf elemental traits and root microbial compositions (especially fungal communities) related to plant resource acquisition strategies. By regulating aboveground and belowground feedback loops through trait flexibility and root microbial compositions, the studied plant species can sustain their resource strategies under stressful environmental conditions.</p>
Data from: Rhizodeposition through root senescence and root exudation of atmospheric C and N by legumes is controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development
<p><span>Legume crop production has many benefits for agricultural systems. Through the rhizodeposition process, they release a significant amount of C and N into the soil, increasing soil organic C and reducing the use of N fertilizer. Rhizodeposition is known as a dynamic process influenced by many factors. </span></p> <p><span>The aim of this study was to study the contribution of root exudation and root senescence to the rhizodeposition of atmospheric C and N during vegetative and reproductive growth in annual and perennial legumes and to understand how this is linked to the fixation capacities of C and N and root functional traits.</span></p> <p><span>An original approach that combined <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> labeling and the <sup>15</sup>N dilution method was developed to measure the rhizodeposition of atmospheric C and N throughout plant growth by two annual grain legumes (pea and faba bean) and two perennial forage legumes (white and crimson clovers).</span></p> <p><span>C rhizodeposition was found to increase proportionally with N rhizodeposition during reproductive development and the differences observed between species were related to the C and N fixation abilities. The use of root traits such as specific root length, root tissue density, and root dry matter content suggests a strong contribution of root exudation to C rhizodeposition at vegetative growth and a strong contribution of root senescence to both C and N rhizodeposition during reproductive growth.</span></p> <p><span><em><strong>Synthesis:</strong></em> Both C and N rhizodeposition appeared to be controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development. </span></p>
Data for the article: Coupling of leaf elemental traits with root fungal community composition reveals a plant resource acquisition strategy in a desert ecosystem
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Vertical structural complexity of plant communities represents the combined effects of resource acquisition and environmental stress on the Tibetan Plateau
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Lianas have a faster resource acquisition strategy than trees: belowground evidence from root traits, phylogeny, and the root economics space
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Data from: Resource acquisition strategies facilitate Gilbertiodendron dewevrei monodominance in African lowland forests
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Data from: Resource acquisition and pre-copulatory sexual selection
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Data from:Leaf and root traits show contrasting resource acquisition strategies, but converge across elevations in the Hengduan Mountain forests
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Natural selection favours drought escape and an acquisitive resource‐use strategy in semi‐arid Mediterranean shrubs
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Data from: Rhizodeposition through root senescence and root exudation of atmospheric C and N by legumes is controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development
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