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194 results for “Reticulation”
Text-fig. 8. SEM (a, b) and SRXTM (c, d) images of fruit associated with Miranthus elegans and Miranthus kvacekii; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Apical view of capsular fruit with five, partly open valves revealing the enclosed reticulate seeds (arrows). b: Detail of fruit wall showing an enclosed seed (arrow). c: Transverse section (orthoslice xy1200) of fruit showing central column (cc) of placenta and numerous angular and bitegmic seeds; note that the outer integument (black arrow) is thicker than inner integument (white arrow). d: Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz1239) of fruit showing perigynous attachment of calyx, central column (cc) of the placenta and sections through seeds. Specimen, Mira 99-S156331 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, c, d), 200 µm (b). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 8. SEM (a, b) and SRXTM (c, d) images of fruit associated with Miranthus elegans and Miranthus kvacekii; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Apical view of capsular fruit with five, partly open valves revealing the enclosed reticulate seeds (arrows). b: Detail of fruit wall showing an enclosed seed (arrow). c: Transverse section (orthoslice xy1200) of fruit showing central column (cc) of placenta and numerous angular and bitegmic seeds; note that the outer integument (black arrow) is thicker than inner integument (white arrow). d: Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz1239) of fruit showing perigynous attachment of calyx, central column (cc) of the placenta and sections through seeds. Specimen, Mira 99-S156331 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, c, d), 200 µm (b).
Text-fig. 2. SEM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in oblique lateral view showing remains of calyx and slightly semi-inferior ovary with elongated apical style (a); note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities and the stomata-like secretory structures on the upper portion of the ovary (arrows) that are interpreted as nectariferous (b). c: Detail of ovary surface showing secretory stomata-like structures (arrows). d: Flower in lateral view showing fragmentary calyx and broken slightly semi-inferior ovary with secretory stomata-like structures; note the point of attachment of the central placenta (pl). e: Cluster of seeds removed from the ovary in (d) showing reticulate surface. f: Outer (abaxial) surface of calyx lobe showing the slightly pointed papillae and scattered, fine trichomes (arrows). g: Triaperturate pollen grains from the ovary surface. Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c), Mira 100-S101266 (d, e), Mira 105-S100732 (f), Mira 100-S170125 (g). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, b, d), 300 µm (f), 100 µm (c, e), 10 µm (g). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 2. SEM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in oblique lateral view showing remains of calyx and slightly semi-inferior ovary with elongated apical style (a); note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities and the stomata-like secretory structures on the upper portion of the ovary (arrows) that are interpreted as nectariferous (b). c: Detail of ovary surface showing secretory stomata-like structures (arrows). d: Flower in lateral view showing fragmentary calyx and broken slightly semi-inferior ovary with secretory stomata-like structures; note the point of attachment of the central placenta (pl). e: Cluster of seeds removed from the ovary in (d) showing reticulate surface. f: Outer (abaxial) surface of calyx lobe showing the slightly pointed papillae and scattered, fine trichomes (arrows). g: Triaperturate pollen grains from the ovary surface. Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c), Mira 100-S101266 (d, e), Mira 105-S100732 (f), Mira 100-S170125 (g). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, b, d), 300 µm (f), 100 µm (c, e), 10 µm (g).
Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5 mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2 mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5 mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r: in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5 mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2 mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5 mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r:
Fig 2 in Predation On Sun Bears By Reticulated Python In East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo
Fig 2. Reticulated python being pulled out of an underground stream 1.5 month after it swallowed a radio-collared adult female Malay sun bear (photo courtesy M. van Nieuwstadt).
Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i).
Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d).
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b–e) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–e, g), 3 Μm (f, h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartiopsis parva gen. et sp. nov. from an anther; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; elongated anther that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b–e) Pollen grains showing dense reticulate tectum supported by short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer: note dentate orbicules on inner surface of anther wall (b, arrowhead); f) Reticulate tectum showing smooth muri with small adhering orbicules (arrowhead); g) Pollen grains showing one in which the reticulum has been lost exposing the smooth surface of the foot layer; h) Fractured pollen wall showing reticulum, short columellae and thick foot layer; note granules on the inner surface of the apertural region (arrow). Specimen, TV39-S170217 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–e, g), 3 Μm (f, h).
Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become
Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Vedresia elliptica gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and a multicarpellate fruit of Choffaticarpus compactus gen. et sp. nov. and associated pollen (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; small fruit showing apical stigmatic region with attached pollen; b) Group of pollen grains from the stigmatic surface of the fruit in (a) showing the long colpus and reticulate tectum; c) Pollen grains from the stigmatic surface showing the long colpus and well developed reticulum, with smooth muri and short columellae in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Vedresia elliptica gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and a multicarpellate fruit of Choffaticarpus compactus gen. et sp. nov. and associated pollen (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; small fruit showing apical stigmatic region with attached pollen; b) Group of pollen grains from the stigmatic surface of the fruit in (a) showing the long colpus and reticulate tectum; c) Pollen grains from the stigmatic surface showing the long colpus and well developed reticulum, with smooth muri and short columellae
Text-fig. 36. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of flower of Eckhartianthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; oblique lateral view of hypogynous flower showing perianth surrounding the stamens and protruding gynoecium; b–d) Pollen from the flower in (a) showing single distal aperture and reticulate exine with thick muri, small lumina and short, densely spaced columellae; e) Reticulum showing thick, smooth muri supported by numerous short columellae firmly attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer. Specimen, TV39-S101306 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 36. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of flower of Eckhartianthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; oblique lateral view of hypogynous flower showing perianth surrounding the stamens and protruding gynoecium; b–d) Pollen from the flower in (a) showing single distal aperture and reticulate exine with thick muri, small lumina and short, densely spaced columellae; e) Reticulum showing thick, smooth muri supported by numerous short columellae firmly attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer. Specimen, TV39-S101306 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e).
Text-fig. 51. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Mcdougallia irregularis gen. et sp. nov. from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Polar view of tricolpate pollen grain showing the continuous psilate tectum in the apocolpium and the poorly developed discontinuous foveolate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpial areas, note irregular fold in tectum wall (arrowhead); c) Equatorial view of pollen grain showing the discontinuous tectum in the mesocolpial areas; d) Pollen grains showing variably developed tectum, colpi with a finely granular aperture membrane and the folds (arrowheads) associated with the irregular development of the colpi; e) Orbicule showing faintly striate surface; f) Pollen wall showing very short columellae, thin tectum and thin foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S148215 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 51. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Mcdougallia irregularis gen. et sp. nov. from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Polar view of tricolpate pollen grain showing the continuous psilate tectum in the apocolpium and the poorly developed discontinuous foveolate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpial areas, note irregular fold in tectum wall (arrowhead); c) Equatorial view of pollen grain showing the discontinuous tectum in the mesocolpial areas; d) Pollen grains showing variably developed tectum, colpi with a finely granular aperture membrane and the folds (arrowheads) associated with the irregular development of the colpi; e) Orbicule showing faintly striate surface; f) Pollen wall showing very short columellae, thin tectum and thin foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S148215 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e, f).
Text-fig. 20. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Hedyflora (a–d), stamen with in situ Asteropollis sp. pollen (e–g), and Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence (h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hedyflora sp. 1, lateral and apical views of fruits showing the triangular cross-section, remains of three tepals, apical style and the three lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; c, d) Hedyflora sp. 2, lateral views of fruits showing three well-preserved tepals, apical style and the lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; note the papillae on the lateral wall and around the base of the style; e, f, g) Stamen (f) with in situ pollen of Asteropollis sp. showing the poorly defined star-shaped apertural area (e) and reticulate tectum, with the muri ornamented by small verrucae (g); h) Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence with five whorls of tetrasporangiate stamens. Specimens, TV43-S101749 (a, b), TV43-S101307 (c, d), TV44-S137917 (e–g), TV39-S101220 (h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f, h), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 20. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Hedyflora (a–d), stamen with in situ Asteropollis sp. pollen (e–g), and Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence (h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hedyflora sp. 1, lateral and apical views of fruits showing the triangular cross-section, remains of three tepals, apical style and the three lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; c, d) Hedyflora sp. 2, lateral views of fruits showing three well-preserved tepals, apical style and the lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; note the papillae on the lateral wall and around the base of the style; e, f, g) Stamen (f) with in situ pollen of Asteropollis sp. showing the poorly defined star-shaped apertural area (e) and reticulate tectum, with the muri ornamented by small verrucae (g); h) Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence with five whorls of tetrasporangiate stamens. Specimens, TV43-S101749 (a, b), TV43-S101307 (c, d), TV44-S137917 (e–g), TV39-S101220 (h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f, h), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (g).
Text-fig. 4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Selaginellales; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hughesisporites galericulatus, lateral view of megaspore (a) with almost smooth surface and spore wall of thin elements forming a dense reticulum (b); c) Trileites sp., proximal view of megaspore with almost smooth surface and raised trilete mark; d–f) Rugotriletes sp., proximal (e) and lateral (f) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface ornamentation and prominent gula around the trilete mark and compact perforate spore wall (d); g, h) Erlansonisporites sp., distal (g) and lateral (h) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface and fibrous spore wall; i, j) Striatriletes sp. 1, megaspore in oblique proximal view (i) showing raised laesurae and irregular striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (j) showing dense packing of sculptural elements; k, l) Striatriletes sp. 2, megaspore in proximal view (k) showing trilete mark, striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (l) composed of loosely packed fibers; m) Striatriletes sp. 3, megaspore in proximal view showing raised trilete mark and striate-rugulate surface; n, o) Verrutriletes sp., megaspore in oblique proximal view (n) showing short laesurae of the trilete mark, and the dense verrucate surface (o); p) Megaspore sp. 1, oblique proximal view showing in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Selaginellales; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hughesisporites galericulatus, lateral view of megaspore (a) with almost smooth surface and spore wall of thin elements forming a dense reticulum (b); c) Trileites sp., proximal view of megaspore with almost smooth surface and raised trilete mark; d–f) Rugotriletes sp., proximal (e) and lateral (f) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface ornamentation and prominent gula around the trilete mark and compact perforate spore wall (d); g, h) Erlansonisporites sp., distal (g) and lateral (h) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface and fibrous spore wall; i, j) Striatriletes sp. 1, megaspore in oblique proximal view (i) showing raised laesurae and irregular striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (j) showing dense packing of sculptural elements; k, l) Striatriletes sp. 2, megaspore in proximal view (k) showing trilete mark, striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (l) composed of loosely packed fibers; m) Striatriletes sp. 3, megaspore in proximal view showing raised trilete mark and striate-rugulate surface; n, o) Verrutriletes sp., megaspore in oblique proximal view (n) showing short laesurae of the trilete mark, and the dense verrucate surface (o); p) Megaspore sp. 1, oblique proximal view showing
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Isoetales (a–d) and megaspores of uncertain affinity (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Paxillitriletes reticulatus megaspore in lateral view showing long appendages on the flanges of the laesurae and the reticulate-spiny distal surface; b) Dijkstraisporites sp. megaspore in oblique lateral view showing long, sometimes dichotomizing, appendages on the equatorial flanges and bordering the laesurae; c, d) Tenellisporites sp. megaspore in proximal view (c) showing equatorial flanges and laesurae with short, broad, flattened and unbranched appendages; note numerous, spiny microspores adhering to the proximal face of the megaspore (d); e) Megaspore type sp. 2 in lateral view showing apical gula and ornamentation of scattered spines; f, g) Megaspore type sp. 3 in lateral (f) and proximal (g) view showing broad, often dichotomously branched appendages covering the megaspore surface; h, i) aff. Flabellisporites sp. megaspores in proximal (h) and lateral (i) view showing long, narrow appendages covering the megaspore surface. Specimens, TV39-S174619 (a), TV38-S170220 (b), TV38-S170221 (c, d), TV44-S174574 (e), TV44-S174575 (f), TV44-S174577 (g), TV38-S170223 (h), TV38-S170222 (i). Scale bars 100 Μm (a–c, e–i), 25 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Isoetales (a–d) and megaspores of uncertain affinity (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Paxillitriletes reticulatus megaspore in lateral view showing long appendages on the flanges of the laesurae and the reticulate-spiny distal surface; b) Dijkstraisporites sp. megaspore in oblique lateral view showing long, sometimes dichotomizing, appendages on the equatorial flanges and bordering the laesurae; c, d) Tenellisporites sp. megaspore in proximal view (c) showing equatorial flanges and laesurae with short, broad, flattened and unbranched appendages; note numerous, spiny microspores adhering to the proximal face of the megaspore (d); e) Megaspore type sp. 2 in lateral view showing apical gula and ornamentation of scattered spines; f, g) Megaspore type sp. 3 in lateral (f) and proximal (g) view showing broad, often dichotomously branched appendages covering the megaspore surface; h, i) aff. Flabellisporites sp. megaspores in proximal (h) and lateral (i) view showing long, narrow appendages covering the megaspore surface. Specimens, TV39-S174619 (a), TV38-S170220 (b), TV38-S170221 (c, d), TV44-S174574 (e), TV44-S174575 (f), TV44-S174577 (g), TV38-S170223 (h), TV38-S170222 (i). Scale bars 100 Μm (a–c, e–i), 25 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 23. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Clavatipollenites sp. 2 (a–c) from a fragmentary stamen, and stamen fragments with in situ pollen of Clavatipollenites sp. 3 (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Distal (a) and proximal (b) view of pollen showing simple, elongate colpus on distal surface and semitectate-reticulate pollen wall; c) Detail of pollen wall showing muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation and long scattered columellae; d) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen; e, f) Distal views of pollen from stamen fragment showing poorly defined aperture, coarse reticulum and long scattered columellae; g) Fragment of stamen; h) Distal view of pollen showing poorly defined aperture covered by irregular verrucae; i, j) Pollen wall showing rounded orbicules (i) and fractured pollen wall showing long scattered columellae (j). Specimens, TV43-S136728 (a–c), TV44-S149201 (d–f), TV44-S149220 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (d, g), 6 Μm (a, b, e, f, h), 3 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (i, j). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 23. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Clavatipollenites sp. 2 (a–c) from a fragmentary stamen, and stamen fragments with in situ pollen of Clavatipollenites sp. 3 (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Distal (a) and proximal (b) view of pollen showing simple, elongate colpus on distal surface and semitectate-reticulate pollen wall; c) Detail of pollen wall showing muri with finely verrucate supratectal ornamentation and long scattered columellae; d) Fragment of tetrasporangiate stamen; e, f) Distal views of pollen from stamen fragment showing poorly defined aperture, coarse reticulum and long scattered columellae; g) Fragment of stamen; h) Distal view of pollen showing poorly defined aperture covered by irregular verrucae; i, j) Pollen wall showing rounded orbicules (i) and fractured pollen wall showing long scattered columellae (j). Specimens, TV43-S136728 (a–c), TV44-S149201 (d–f), TV44-S149220 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (d, g), 6 Μm (a, b, e, f, h), 3 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (i, j).
Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of spores with possible affinities to lycopodiopsids (a–c) and Schizaeaceae (d–g); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Densoisporites sp. from a clump of spores in proximal (left) and partial distal views (right) showing the narrow equatorial flange, long laesurae, and reticulum that is coarser on the distal surface than on the proximal surface; b, c) Unnamed microspores from clump of microspores in proximal (b) and distal (c) views showing finely reticulate surface; d, e) Cicatricosisporites ventusus fertile pinnules showing numerous attached sporangia (d) each with terminal annulus (arrowheads) and spores in situ (e); f) Cicatricosisporites sp. 1 spores from fertile pinnules bearing sporangia with a terminal in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of spores with possible affinities to lycopodiopsids (a–c) and Schizaeaceae (d–g); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Densoisporites sp. from a clump of spores in proximal (left) and partial distal views (right) showing the narrow equatorial flange, long laesurae, and reticulum that is coarser on the distal surface than on the proximal surface; b, c) Unnamed microspores from clump of microspores in proximal (b) and distal (c) views showing finely reticulate surface; d, e) Cicatricosisporites ventusus fertile pinnules showing numerous attached sporangia (d) each with terminal annulus (arrowheads) and spores in situ (e); f) Cicatricosisporites sp. 1 spores from fertile pinnules bearing sporangia with a terminal
Text-fig. 18. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a fruit of Canrightia sp. with associated pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Fruit in lateral view showing prominent cavities in the fruit wall formed by the scattered oil bodies and the broad hypanthium fused to the base of the fruit (arrowhead); b) Fruit surface showing epidermal cells and the scattered oil cells embedded in the fruit wall (arrowheads); c) Cluster of monocolpate pollen grains in the probable stigmatic region of the fruit; d) Pollen grains showing the long colpus and semitectate-reticulate pollen wall; e) Pollen wall showing the reticulum with large and small lumina, and scattered, compressed columellae supporting the smooth muri. Specimen, TV142-S170213. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 100 Μm (b), 30 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d), 1 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 18. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a fruit of Canrightia sp. with associated pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Fruit in lateral view showing prominent cavities in the fruit wall formed by the scattered oil bodies and the broad hypanthium fused to the base of the fruit (arrowhead); b) Fruit surface showing epidermal cells and the scattered oil cells embedded in the fruit wall (arrowheads); c) Cluster of monocolpate pollen grains in the probable stigmatic region of the fruit; d) Pollen grains showing the long colpus and semitectate-reticulate pollen wall; e) Pollen wall showing the reticulum with large and small lumina, and scattered, compressed columellae supporting the smooth muri. Specimen, TV142-S170213. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 100 Μm (b), 30 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d), 1 Μm (e).
Text-fig. 10. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of conifer seeds (a, b) and pollen (c) and monoporate pollen of unknown affinity (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Unnamed conifer seeds (conifer seed sp. 1); c) Clump of bisaccate pollen grains; d) Fragment with microsporangia that yielded the pollen in (e–j); e, f, h) Monoporate pollen grains folded in various ways, exposing the tiny pore (e, h, arrowheads) or resembling a monocolpate grain (f); g) Detail of pollen grain showing pore (arrowhead) and finely rugulate exine surface that reflects the reticulate infratectal layer beneath the thin tectum; i) Detail of pore showing very slightly thickened margin; j) Spherical orbicules on the surface of two grains. Specimens, TV44-S174594 (a), TV44-S174595 (b), TV44-S174573 (c), TV44-S137904 (d–j). Scale bars 1 mm (a, b), 300 Μm (d), 100 Μm (c), 6 Μm (e, f, h), 3 Μm (g, j), 1.5 Μm (i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 10. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of conifer seeds (a, b) and pollen (c) and monoporate pollen of unknown affinity (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Unnamed conifer seeds (conifer seed sp. 1); c) Clump of bisaccate pollen grains; d) Fragment with microsporangia that yielded the pollen in (e–j); e, f, h) Monoporate pollen grains folded in various ways, exposing the tiny pore (e, h, arrowheads) or resembling a monocolpate grain (f); g) Detail of pollen grain showing pore (arrowhead) and finely rugulate exine surface that reflects the reticulate infratectal layer beneath the thin tectum; i) Detail of pore showing very slightly thickened margin; j) Spherical orbicules on the surface of two grains. Specimens, TV44-S174594 (a), TV44-S174595 (b), TV44-S174573 (c), TV44-S137904 (d–j). Scale bars 1 mm (a, b), 300 Μm (d), 100 Μm (c), 6 Μm (e, f, h), 3 Μm (g, j), 1.5 Μm (i).
Text-fig. 46. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Rugulate fruit"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral (a) and ventral (b) views of a rugulate fruit showing the short extension of the sessile stigma at the apex (arrows); c) Irregular surface of fruit that probably reflects an irregular endocarp; note the isodiametric outlines of the epidermal cells; d) Semi-tectate reticulate pollen grains embedded in the remains of a secretion on the stigmatic surface. Specimen, Catefica 154-S101291 (a–d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 46. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Rugulate fruit"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Lateral (a) and ventral (b) views of a rugulate fruit showing the short extension of the sessile stigma at the apex (arrows); c) Irregular surface of fruit that probably reflects an irregular endocarp; note the isodiametric outlines of the epidermal cells; d) Semi-tectate reticulate pollen grains embedded in the remains of a secretion on the stigmatic surface. Specimen, Catefica 154-S101291 (a–d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 40. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Pollen clump with tricolpate pollen sp. 4"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump, probably an anther fragment with one kind of pollen grain; b) Detail of pollen clump showing densely packed pollen all of the same kind; c) Pollen grains in equatorial (left) and polar (right) views showing the coarse reticulum in the mesocolpium regions, the striate-reticulate tectum over the polar regions, and the microreticulate to foveolate tectum along the aperture margins; d) Detail of pollen wall showing smooth muri supported by long, densely-spaced columellae; e) Detail of broken pollen wall showing long, densely-spaced columellae detached from the thick foot layer. Specimen, Catefica 50-S170386 (a–e). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a), 20 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c), 1.5 Μm (d, e).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.