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Figure B1 in Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865

Figure B1. Molecules identified in the pyrolysates of Mexican amber. Individual compounds are labeled according to the identification of peaks in Fig. 2 and Appendix A.

Figure 6 in Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865

Figure 6. Rhopalosoma sp.: female, MB.I 6549, Miocene Mexican amber. (a) Overview. (b) Left hind tarsus. (c) Pretarsus with claws. (d– e) Details of left fore wing. (f) Details of right hind wing. Abbreviations used in (b) and (c): pat – preapical tooth, tc – tarsal claw, tf – tarsal fenestrae, t1 – tarsomere 1, t2 – tarsomere 2, t3 – tarsomere 3, t4 – tarsomere 4, and t5 – tarsomere 5.

Figure 5 in Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865

Figure 5. Rhopalosoma hispaniola sp. nov.: male, paratype, MB.I 6046, Miocene Dominican amber. (a) Overview. (b) Posterior metasoma with genitalia. (c) Details of right fore wing. (d–e) Details of right fore and hind wing with labeling of fore wing cells and venation (d) and labeling of hind wing venation (e). Abbreviations used in (b): ce – cercus, cu – cuspis, di – digitus, pa – paramere, pv – penis valve, tg6 – tergite 6, and tg7 – tergite 7.

Figure 4 in Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865

Figure 4. Rhopalosoma hispaniola sp. nov.: female, holotype, MB.I 5915, Miocene Dominican amber. (a) Overview. (b) Detail of the head in dorsal view. (c) Detail of the tarsal claws. (d) Distal section of mid tibia with tibial spurs. (e–f) Details of the right fore wing. Abbreviations used in (b) and (c): en – eye notch, lo – lateral ocellus, mo – median ocellus, oc – occipital carina, tc – tarsal claw, t5 – tarsomere 5, and pat – preapical tooth.

Figure 3 in Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865

Figure 3. Reconstructed chromatogram (m/z = 234 + 236) of Baltic amber (solid line) and Mexican sample (dashed line). The shift in the retention times of compounds XIIId and XIVd (Mexican amber) compared to IXd and Xd (Baltic amber) is due to the difference of configuration between the enantio and regular forms, which classifies the Mexican sample as a class Ic resinite. The box depicts the similar retention time for trimethylnaphthalene (m/z = 155).

Figure 1 in Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865

Figure 1. Rhopalosomatidae spp. (a–b) Recent rhopalosomatid larva (last instar, shortly before leaving the host, putatively Rhopalosoma nearcticum Brues) parasitizing a hapithine cricket (Grylloidea). Photographed at Jones Nature Preserve, Rappahannock County, Virginia, USA, on 15 September 2017. Photos: Judy Gallagher, CC-BY-2.0, originally posted to Flickr. (c–d) Rhopalosoma nearcticum Brues, male. (c) Photographed in Mobile (Dog River), Mobile County, Alabama, USA, on 4 July 2011. Photo: Robert Lord Zimlich, originally posted to BugGuide. (d) Penis valve in lateral view. Abbreviations: ant – anterior, hpv – head of penis valve, pap1 – first preapical process, pap2 – second preapical process, pap3 – third preapical process, and pos – posterior.

Figure 2 in Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865

Figure 2. Chromatogram from the THM-GC-MS analysis of the Mexican sample. Numbered peaks refer to identified compounds in Appendix A. TriMeNa is trimethylnaphthalene.

Figure B1 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure B1. Molecules identified in the pyrolysates of Burmese amber. Individual compounds are labeled according to the identification of peaks in Figs. 1 and B2 and Table A1.

Figure B2 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure B2. Total ion chromatograms from the THM–GC–MS analysis of Burmese ambers. Numbered peaks refer to identified compounds in Table A1 and Fig. B1.

Figure 10 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 10. Distribution of the discussed characters among Rhopalosomatidae. The tree topology of the recent genera is based on Brothers and Carpenter (1993), Brothers (1999) (both: "rhopalosomatids" sister to Olixon), Guidotti (1999), and unpublished molecular data (Blaschke et al., unpublished results) (both: Olixon + (Liosphex + (Rhopalosoma + Paniscomima))).

Figure 8 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 8. Cretolixon alatum gen. et sp. nov., female, paratype (VL-Bu-04; UMB). (a) Basal half of left antenna. (b) Details of mouth parts (maxillary palpus highlighted in grey). (c) Details of mouth parts (labial palpus highlighted in grey). Abbreviations: FI, FII, FIII – flagellomere 1, flagellomere 2, flagellomere 3; G – gena; lp1,..., lp4 – labial palpomere 1,..., labial palpomere 4; M – mandible; mp2,..., mp6 – maxillary palpomere 2,..., maxillary palpomere 6; p – pedicel; sc – scape. Drawings based on Fig. 5b.

Figure 9 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 9. Some characters of Rhopalosomatidae. (a) Rhopalosomatidae, gen. et sp. indet., Burmese (Kachin) amber (ZMB; MB.I 6501), basal section of hind wing. (b) Liosphex boreus Lohrmann (in Lohrmann and Ohl, 2010), basal section of hind wing. (c) Rhopalosoma nearcticum Brues, 1943, basal section of hind wing. (d) Olixon banksii (Brues, 1922), mouthparts. (e) Liosphex longicornis Lohrmann (in Lohrmann and Ohl, 2010), mouthparts. (f) Paniscomima kilombero Lohrmann, 2011, mouthparts. (g) Paniscomima opposita Guidotti, 2007, male, paratype, head in dorsal view. (h) Paniscomima seyrigi (Berland, 1951), female, head in dorsal view. (i) Liosphex varius Townes, 1977, female, holotype, head in dorsal view. Abbreviations: ab – apical bristle; lp1,..., lp4 – labial palpomere 1,..., labial palpomere 4; mp1,..., mp6 – maxillary palpomere 1,..., maxillary palpomere 6. Panel (i) is reproduced with permission from copyright holder and was first published in Zootaxa (Lohrmann and Ohl, 2010); photo by David Wahl.

Figure 7 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 7. Cretolixon alatum gen. et sp. nov., male, holotype (MB.I 6500; ZMB). Venation of fore and hind wings (microtrichia omitted, drawing based on a photograph with a perspective similar to that of Fig. 4e).

Figure 4 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 4. Cretolixon alatum gen. et sp. nov., male, holotype (MB.I 6500; ZMB). (a) Habitus in lateral view. (b) Head in slightly oblique frontal view. (c) Mesosoma in lateral view. (d) Partial right antenna. (e) Wings. Abbreviations: ab – apical bristle; FI, FII, FIII – flagellomere 1, flagellomere 2, flagellomere 3; lo – lateral ocellus; oc – occipital carina; p – pedicel; sc – scape. The arrowheads indicate the apical bristles on third maxillary palpomeres (c) and basal flagellomeres (d).

Figure 5 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 5. Cretolixon alatum gen. et sp. nov., female, paratype (VL-Bu-04, UMB). (a) Habitus in lateral view. (b) Head and basal halves of antennae in oblique lateral view. (c) Mesosoma in lateral view. (d) Right protibia and protarsus. (e) Wings. The arrowheads indicate the apical bristles on second labial and third maxillary palpomeres (b).

Figure 1 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 1. Total ion chromatogram from the THM–GC–MS analysis of the Burmese amber MB.I 6500. Numbered peaks refer to identified compounds in Table A1 and Fig. B1.

Figure 6 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 6. Cretolixon alatum gen. et sp. nov., male and female, paratypes (male: SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIII 25, SNSB; female: NIGP173865, NIGP). (a, c, d) Male. (a) Habitus in lateral view. (c) Base of right antenna. (d) Base of left antenna. (b, e) Female. (b) Habitus in slightly oblique dorsal view. (e) Partial right antenna (apex of FI to base of FIV). The arrowheads indicate the apical bristles on basal flagellomeres.

Figure 3 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 3. Some diagnostic characters of Rhopalosomatidae. (a) Liosphex bribri Lohrmann (in Lohrmann and Ohl, 2010), female, paratype, apical bristles on basal flagellomeres. (b) Paniscomima kilombero Lohrmann, 2011, female, paratype, last metasomal segments with upcurved sting. (c) Liosphex varius Townes, 1977, male, mesosternal lobes covering the bases of the mesocoxae. (d) Olixon ferrugineum Krogmann et al., 2009, female, paratype, apical bristles on basal flagellomeres. (e) Rhopalosoma poeyi Cresson, 1865, male, last metasomal segments with upcurved parameres. (f) Fourth instar larva of a rhopalosomatid (Olixon?) wasp on a nemobiine cricket (Nemobiinae), collected in Florida, USA (deposited in the personal collection of Volker Lohrmann). Abbreviations: ab – apical bristle; FI, FII, FIII – flagellomere 1, flagellomere 2, flagellomere 3; T5, T6, T7 – metasomal tergite 5, metasomal tergite 6, metasomal tergite 7; msl – mesosternal lobe; msc – mesocoxa; mtc – metacoxa; pa – paramere. A cutout of panel (f) was first published in Fossil Record (Lohrmann and Engel, 2017).

Figure 2 in †Cretolixon - a remarkable new genus of rhopalosomatid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Rhopalosomatidae) from chemically tested, mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Kachin) amber supports the monophyly of Rhopalosomatinae

Figure 2. Reconstructed chromatogram (m/z = 173 + 175) of Baltic amber (a) and the Burmese amber VL-Bu-04 (b). The similar retention times of compounds 30 and 31 in Baltic and Burmese ambers indicate the regular configuration of labdanoid diterpenes. The box depicts the similar retention time for the most intense trimethylnaphthalene isomer (m/z = 155). The slight differences in retention times for trimethylnaphthalene (box) and compounds 30 and 31 are experimental deviations due to the non-automated injection.