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24 results for “Rhynchocephalia”
Data from: Tuatara and a new morphometric dataset for Rhynchocephalia: comments on Herrera‐Flores et al
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Data from: Macroevolutionary patterns in Rhynchocephalia: is the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) a living fossil?
The tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, known from 32 small islands around New Zealand, has often been noted as a classic 'living fossil' because of its apparently close resemblance to its Mesozoic forebears and because of a long, low-diversity history. This designation has been disputed because of the wide diversity of Mesozoic forms and because of derived adaptations in living Sphenodon. We provide a testable definition for 'living fossils' based on a slow rate of lineage evolution and a morphology close to the centroid of clade morphospace. We show that through their history since the Triassic, rhynchocephalians had heterogeneous rates of morphological evolution and occupied wide morphospaces during the Triassic and Jurassic, and these then declined in the Cretaceous. In particular, we demonstrate that the extant tuatara underwent unusually slow lineage evolution, and is morphologically conservative, being located near the centre of the morphospace for all Rhynchocephalia.
Data from: Taxonomic reassessment of Clevosaurus latidens Fraser, 1993 (Lepidosauria, Rhynchocephalia) and rhynchocephalian phylogeny based on parsimony and Bayesian inference
The Late Triassic rhynchocephalian Clevosaurus latidens Fraser, 1993 is known from the fissure deposits of Cromhall Quarry, England. Many studies have questioned its referral to the genus Clevosaurus and some phylogenetic analyses suggest a close relationship with herbivorous rhynchocephalians. We reexamine the type specimens and referred material of C. latidens to elucidate its taxonomic identity. Additionally, we provide new phylogenetic analyses of the Rhynchocephalia using both parsimony and Bayesian approaches. Our taxonomic review and both phylogenetic analyses reveal that C. latidens is not referable to Clevosaurus, but represents a new genus. We reassess C. latidens and provide an amended diagnosis for the new genus Fraserosphenodon gen. nov. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses recover similar topologies and we propose formal names for two higher clades within Rhynchocephalia: Eusphenodontia and Neosphenodontia.
Figure 13 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 13. Photographs of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, partial left lateral view of the skull, showing the position of sclerotic ossicles in the orbital area. B, enlarged view of preserved sclerotic ossicles.
Figure 17 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 17. Photographs of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, gastralia in ventral view. B, enlarged view of apex of medial splint. C, enlarged view of overlap between medial and lateral splints.
Figure 10 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 10. Surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, anterolateral view of skull showing surfaces of slender bones hidden within the matrix (large cranial elements shown for relative position). B, posteroventral view of (A).
Figure 18 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 18. Photograph and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni left hind limb specimen NHMUK PV R36846. Specimen in (A, B) dorsal, (C) ventral and (D) posterolateral views.
Figure 7 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 7. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Left quadrate in (A) lateral and (B) medial views. Palate region in (C), (D) ventral view (refer to Fig. 3A for location of view). E, left lateral view of specimen between maxilla and dentary, showing bones out of position (refer to Fig. 3A for location of view). Possible left pterygoid in (F), (G) lateral view.
Figure 6 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 6. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Left nasal in (A) dorsolateral and (B) ventromedial views. C, right postfrontal in dorsal view. D, articulation between left postfrontal and left postorbital in anterolateral view. Left postorbital in (E) lateral and (F) medial views. Left prefrontal in (G) dorsolateral and (H) posterolateral views. Left jugal in (I) lateral and (J) medial views.
Figure 2. A in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 2. A, sketch of the original fissure locality, no longer in existence (modified after Robinson, 1957). B, photograph of the quarry from 1954; the 'pendulum' has already been removed (P.L. Robinson, unpublished notebook, NHMUK). C, copy of the original field sketch of fossil locality B by P.L. Robinson, redrawn with minor modification for clarity by the authors (after P.L. Robinson, unpublished notebook, NHMUK).
Figure 5 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 5. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Left maxilla in (A) lateral and (B) medial views. Parietals in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views. Frontals in (E) dorsal and (F) ventral views.
Figure 12 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 12. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, right ischium in lateral view. B, pelvic girdle bones as preserved in the specimen, out of position (right ischium in medial view). C, postcranial bones at or near the pectoral region, left lateral view.
Figure 4 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 4. Postcranial bones of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. (A) photograph and (B) surface model (refer to Fig. 3B for location on specimen).
Figure 16 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 16. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Left scapulocoracoid in (A, B) lateral and (C) medial views. Left radius in (D) dorsolateral, (E) anterior and (F) posterior views.
Figure 15 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 15. Photograph and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, cervical and dorsal vertebrae in posterodorsal view. B, fourth cervical vertebra in lateral view. Third cervical vertebra in (C) anterior, (D) dorsal, (E) lateral and (F) posterior views. Second dorsal vertebra in (G) anterior, (H) dorsal, (I) lateral and (J) posterior views.
Figure 3 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 3. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, entire specimen. B, diagrammatic representation of the specimen with key showing location of views in (C–F) and in Figure 4. Skull bones in (C, D) dorsolateral view and (E, F) left lateral view (surface models are in artificial colour in all figures).
Figure 14 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 14. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, cervical vertebrae in lateral view. B, disarticulated atlas bones in lateral view. C, cervical vertebrae in lateral view. D, atlas and axis in lateral view. Atlas and axis in (E) anterior, (F) dorsal, (G) posterior and (H) ventral views.
Figure 9 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 9. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Left dentary in (A, C) lateral and (D) medial views. B, partial left dentary in lateral view showing wear facets. E, left articular complex in dorsal view. F, left surangular in lateral view. G, left articular in dorsal view. H, right articular in lateral view.
Figure 8 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 8. Photograph and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36832. Braincase bones in (A, B) posterodorsal, (C) right lateral and (D) anteroventral views.
Figure 19 in Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones
Figure 19. Photographs and surface models of Clevosaurus hudsoni specimen NHMUK PV R36846. A, distal head of broken femur in ventrolateral view. Left tibia in (B) anterior, (C) lateral and (D) posterior views. Left fibula in (E) anterior and (F) posterior views. G, astragalus, calcaneum and tarsal bones in dorsal view. H, digit i in dorsolateral view. I, digit i phalanx and ungual in dorsolateral view. Astragalus and calcaneum in (J) dorsal and (K) ventral views.
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