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Figure 5 in Salenthydrobia gen. nov. (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae): a potential relict of the Messinian salinity crisis

Figure 5. Unrooted COI ML trees for populations of taxon A (three populations, 15 specimens), Adriohydrobia gagatinella (four populations, 40 specimens; adapted from Wilke & Falniowski, 2001), and Peringia ulvae (three populations, 14 specimens; modified from Wilke & Davis, 2000; see text for details). Circle sizes are proportional to the observed number of individuals with each haplotype. Missing haplotypes are indicated by small black circles. All individuals of taxon A are areacoded (Ba = Bambinello Spring, Id = Idume Creek, TC = Torre Castiglione).

Figure 6 in Salenthydrobia gen. nov. (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae): a potential relict of the Messinian salinity crisis

Figure 6. Salenthydrobia ferrerii sp. nov., individuals preserved in ethanol. A, holotype (ANSP, A19754). B-D, paratypes (ANSP, A19755). E, F, paratypes (SMF 323031/2).

Figure 3 in Salenthydrobia gen. nov. (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae): a potential relict of the Messinian salinity crisis

Figure 3. Maximum likelihood tree for hydrobiine taxa based on 1127 bp of the combined COI and 16S genes. Mercuria similis and Pseudamnicola lucensis were used as outgroups. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions according to the model of sequence evolution applied. For taxon A, individual DNA isolation numbers are given. Bootstrap values (in percentage) are provided (for details see text).

Figure 1 in Salenthydrobia gen. nov. (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae): a potential relict of the Messinian salinity crisis

Figure 1. Southern Italy with sampling localities on the Salentina Peninsula. The shaded areas show the land mass after the Pliocene flooding (about 4.5 Mya).

Figure 2 in Salenthydrobia gen. nov. (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae): a potential relict of the Messinian salinity crisis

Figure 2. Head-penis complex in the four known genera of the Hydrobiinae (sensu Radoman, 1977): Hydrobia (A), Peringia (B), Ventrosia (C), Adriohydrobia (D), as well as in taxon A (E). Note that the general penis morphology is constant within the putative genera of the Hydrobiinae. All drawings are to scale.

Figure 4 in Salenthydrobia gen. nov. (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae): a potential relict of the Messinian salinity crisis

Figure 4. Time scale for cladogenic events in hydrobiine taxa based on a ML analysis of the COI gene under the constraint of the molecular clock hypothesis. The outgroup taxa were removed a postori. The thick bars represent population divergence (±SE) for the two nodes involving the splits of taxon A as well as Adriohydrobia. Rates of evolution (1–3% population divergence per Myr) are shown above the time scale.

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FIG. 2 in Bathyal Rissoidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) off the Russian Far East coast of the Sea of Japan, with redescription of Punctulum reticulatum Golikov, 1986

FIG. 2. Species of Rissoidae. A. Punctulum akibai (Yokoyama, 1926), SoJaBio stn. A2-10 (455-456 m), MIBM 39336. B. Punctulum nihonkaiensis (Hasegawa, 2014), SoJaBio stn. A2-10 (455-456 m), MIBM 39337. C-D. Frigidoalvania asura (Yokoyama, 1926), SoJaBio stn. B7-7 (470-528 m), MIBM 39340. E-F. Frigidoalvania tanseimaruae Hasegawa, 2014, SoJaBio stn. B6-7 (1,001-1,011 m). G-J. Punctulum flavum (Okutani, 1964); G-H, "shallow-water form", SoJaBio stn. A2-10 (455-456 m), MIBM 14270; I-J, "deep-water form", SoJaBio stn. A6-7 (2,511-2,534 m), MIBM 39334. All at the same scale; scale = 1 mm. РИС. 2. Виды Rissoidae. A. Punctulum akibai (Yokoyama, 1926), SoJaBio ст. A2-10 (455-456 м), MIBM 39336.B. Punctulum nihonkaiensis (Hasegawa, 2014), SoJaBio ст. A2-10 (455-456 м), MIBM 39337. C-D. Frigidoalvania asura (Yokoyama, 1926), SoJaBio ст. B7-7 (470-528 м), MIBM 39340. E-F. Frigidoalvania tanseimaruae Hasegawa, 2014, SoJaBio ст. B6-7 (1001-1011 м). G-J. Punctulum flavum (Okutani, 1964); G-H, "мелководнаЯ форма", SoJaBio ст. A2-10 (455-456 м), MIBM 14270; I-J, "глубоководнаЯ форма", SoJaBio ст. A6-7 (2511-2534 м), MIBM 39334. Все раковины в одном масШтабе, масШтабнаЯ линейка = 1 мм.

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FIG. 3. Punctulum reticulatum Golikov, 1986. A-D. SoJaBio stn. A2-10 in Bathyal Rissoidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) off the Russian Far East coast of the Sea of Japan, with redescription of Punctulum reticulatum Golikov, 1986

FIG. 3. Punctulum reticulatum Golikov, 1986. A-D. SoJaBio stn. A2-10 (455–456 m), MIBM 39338. E-F. SoJaBio stn. B7-7 (470–528 m), MIBM 39343. G-I. Holotype, ZIN 36574/3. All at the same scale, scale = 1 mm; except for D, scale, 200 µm. РИС. 3. Punctulum reticulatum Golikov, 1986. A-D. SoJaBio ст. A2-10 (455–456 м), MIBM 39338. E-F. SoJaBio ст. B7-7 (470–528 м), MIBM 39343. G-I. Голотип, ZIN 36574/3.

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Fig. 2 in Bithynia Danubialis, A New Species From The Bulgarian Danube (Gastropoda: Rissooidea: Bithyniidae)

Fig. 2. Bithynia danubialis sp. n.: 1–2 = the shell (holotype), 3 = operculum, 4 = pseudopenis in situ, 5 = penis in situ, 6 = penis with flagellum. Legend: e = eye, fl = flagellum, p = penis, pa = penial ap-

FIG. 26 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 26. — Benthonella and Benthonellania sp.: A, Benthonella boucheti n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37666, height 4.32 mm; B, Benthonella basistriata n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37668, height 2.0 mm; C, Benthonella communis n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37670, height 2.2 mm; D, Benthonellania hertzogi (Thiele, 1925) n. comb., syntype, ZMB/Moll 64981, height 2.85 mm; E, Benthonellania thielei n. sp., holotype, ZMB/Moll 64955a, height 3.05 mm; F, Benthonellania precipitata (Dall, 1889) n. comb., holotype, MCZ–7470, height 3.92; G, Benthonellania africana (Thiele, 1925) n. comb., lectotype, ZMB–64955, height 3.85 mm; H, Benthonellania aequatorialis (Thiele, 1925) n. comb., syntype, ZMB-64973, height 1.8 mm; I, Benthonellania bouteti n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37678, height 3.45 mm; J, Benthonellania alis n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37685, height 3.35; K, Benthonellania tarava n. sp., holotype,MNHN-IM-2000-37687, height 3.5 mm; L, Benthonellania megan n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37695, height 2.7 mm; M, Benthonellania tuamotu n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37697, height 4.42 mm; N, Benthonellania lozoueti n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37701, height 3.86 mm; O, Benthonellania maestratii n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37704, height 2.50 mm.

FIG. 24. — Benthonellania maestratii n in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 24. — Benthonellania maestratii n. sp. (SEM): A-C, holotype, height 2.50 mm, Australes, MNHN-IM-2000-37704: shell (A); detail of the protoconch microsculture (B, C). Scale bars: B, 40 μm; C, 100 μm.

FIG. 23. —Benthonellania maestratii n in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 23. —Benthonellania maestratii n. sp.: A-E, holotype, height 2.50 mm width 1.62 mm, Australes: BENTHAUS Stn DW1925, 560-790 m, type locality, MNHN- IM-2000-37704; F, G, height 3.12 mm, width 2.07 mm, Australes: BENTHAUS Stn DW2010, 520-950 m depth, 22°32'S, 151°21'W; H, height 2.8 mm, width 1.85 mm, Australes: BENTHAUS Stn DW2010, 520-950 m depth, 22°32'S, 151°21'W. Scale bars: D, E, 0.25 mm.

FIG. 22 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 22. — Benthonellania spp. (SEM): A-D, Benthonellania tuamotu n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-37697, Tuamotu: height 4.42 mm: shell (A), detail of the protoconch microsculture (B, D); detail of the teleoconch axial sculture (C); E-I, Benthonellania lozoueti n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-3770, Marquesas: height 3.86 mm: shell (E), detail of the protoconch microsculture (F-H), detail of the teleoconch axial sculture (I). Scale bars: B, H, 50 μm; C, D, I, 100 μm; F, 30 μm; G, 20 μm.

FIG. 21. — Benthonellania lozoueti n in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 21. — Benthonellania lozoueti n. sp.: A-C, holotype, height 3.86 mm, width 2.6 mm, Marquesas: MUSORSTOM 9 Stn DR1244, 1015-1020 m, 10°28'S, 138°42'W, MNHN-IM-2000-37701; D-G, paratype, height 4.33 mm, width 2.66 mm, type locality, MNHN-IM-2000-37702; H-J, specimen, height 3.55 mm, width 2.3 mm, Marquesas: MUSORSTOM 9 Stn CP1278, 1000 m, 7°52'S, 140°39'W. Scale bar: G, 0.50 mm.

FIG. 18. — Benthonellania megan n in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 18. — Benthonellania megan n. sp.: A-E, holotype, height 2.7 mm, width 1.6 mm Marquesas: MUSORSTOM 9 Stn DR1247 1150-1250 m 10°34'S, 138°42'W, type locality, MNHN-IM-2000-37695; F-H, paratype, height 2.7 mm, width 1.6 mm, type locality, MNHN-IM-2000-37696; I-K, paratype, height 2.5 mm, width 1.475 mm, type locality, MNHN-IM-2000-37696. Scale bar: D, E, 0.25 mm.

FIG. 19 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 19. — Benthonellania spp. (SEM): A-E, Benthonellania tarava n. sp., holotype, Tarava Seamounts, height 3.5 mm, MNHN-IM-2000-37687: shell (A); detail of the protoconch microsculture (B-D); detail of the teleoconch axial sculture (E); F-H, Benthonellania megan n. sp., holotype, Marquesas, height 2.7 mm, MNHN- IM-2000-37695: shell (F); detail of the protoconch microsculture (G, H). Scale bars: B, E, G, H, 100 μm; C, 20 μm; D, 50 μm.

FIG. 20. — Benthonellania tuamotu n in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 20. — Benthonellania tuamotu n. sp.: A-C, holotype, height 4.42 mm, width 2.5 mm, Tuamotu, TARASOC Stn DW3388, 820-835 m, 14°56'S, 148°14'W, MNHN-IM-2000-37697, D-H, paratype, height 3.4 mm, width 1.95 mm, type locality, MNHN-IM-2000-37698; I-K, specimen, height 4.70 mm, width 2.75 mm, Tuamotu: TARASOC Stn DW3349, 976-997 m, 15°06'S, 148°03'W. Scale bars: G, H, 0.25 mm.

FIG. 25 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 25. — Distribution maps of the Polynesian species of Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990: A, Benthonella boucheti n. sp.; B, Benthonella basistriata n. sp.; C, Benthonella communis n. sp.; D, Benthonellania bouteti n. sp.; E, Benthonellania alis n. sp.; F, Benthonellania tarava n. sp. (◯) and Benthonellania lozoueti n. sp. (); G, Benthonellania megan n. sp. (◯) and Benthonellania maestratii n. sp. (); H, Benthonellania tuamotu n. sp.

FIG. 16 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 16. — Benthonellania spp. (SEM): A-E, Benthonellania bouteti n. sp. holotype, Society Islands, height 3.45 mm, MNHN-IM-2000-37678, shell (A), detail of the protoconch microsculture (B-D), detail of the teleoconch axial sculture (E); F-H, Benthonellania alis n. sp. holotype, Australes, height. 3.35 mm, MNHN- IM-2000-37685; shell (F); detail of the protoconch microsculture (G, H). Scale bars: B, C, 40 μm; D, H, 20 μm; E, 100 μm; G, 30 μm.

FIG. 17. — Benthonellania tarava n in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 17. — Benthonellania tarava n. sp.: A-C, paratype, height 3.6 mm, width 1.85 mm, Tarava Seamounts: TARASOC Stn DW3333,795-975 m, 18°45'S, 152°18'W, MNHN-IM-2000-37688; D-H, paratype, height 3.75 mm, width 1.92 mm, Tarava Seamounts: TARASOC Stn DW3333, 795-975 m, 18°45'S, 152°18'W, MNHN- IM-2000-37688; I-K, holotype, height 3.5 mm, width 1.85 mm, Tarava Seamounts: TARASOC Stn DW3333, 795-975 m, 18°45'S, 152°18'W, MNHN-IM-2000-37687. Scale bars: G, H, 0.25 mm.