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39 results for “Rivulus”
Data from: Predation drives the evolution of brain cell proliferation and brain allometry in male Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii
<p>The external environment influences brain cell proliferation, and this might contribute to brain plasticity underlying adaptive behavioural changes. Additionally, internal genetic factors influence brain cell proliferation rate. However, to date, researchers have not examined the importance of environmental vs. genetic factors in causing natural variation in brain cell proliferation. Here, we examine brain cell proliferation and brain growth trajectories in free-living populations of Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii, exposed to contrasting predation environments. Compared to populations without predators, populations in high predation environments exhibited higher rates of brain cell proliferation and a steeper brain growth trajectory (relative to body size). To test whether these differences in the wild persist in a common garden environment, we reared first generation fish originating from both predation environments in uniform laboratory conditions. Just as in the wild, brain cell proliferation and brain growth in the common garden were greater in high predation populations than in no predation populations. The similar results in field and common garden studies indicate that population differences in these brain features are intrinsic, probably genetic, differences arising from natural selection acting on overall brain growth and life history rather than differences arising through phenotypic plasticity.</p>
FIGURE 5. Rivulus amanapira, UFRJ 5930 in Rivulus uakti sp. n. and R. amanapira sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new species from the upper Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 5. Rivulus amanapira, UFRJ 5930, female, paratype, 32.6 mm SL (two days after collection); Brazil: Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira: upper rio Negro basin.
FIGURE 6 in Rivulus uakti sp. n. and R. amanapira sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new species from the upper Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 6. Brazil: Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira; type locality of Rivulus amanapira: upper rio Negro basin.
FIGURE 4. Rivulus amanapira, UFRJ 5929 in Rivulus uakti sp. n. and R. amanapira sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new species from the upper Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 4. Rivulus amanapira, UFRJ 5929, male, holotype, 38.6 mm SL (one day after collection); Brazil: Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira: upper rio Negro basin.
FIGURE 2. Rivulus uakti, UFRJ 5926 in Rivulus uakti sp. n. and R. amanapira sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new species from the upper Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 2. Rivulus uakti, UFRJ 5926, female, paratype, 27.9 mm SL (two days after collection); Brazil: Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira: upper rio Negro basin.
FIGURE 3 in Rivulus uakti sp. n. and R. amanapira sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new species from the upper Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 3. Brazil: Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira: upper rio Negro basin; type locality of Rivulus uakti.
FIGURE 1. Rivulus uakti, UFRJ 5925 in Rivulus uakti sp. n. and R. amanapira sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): two new species from the upper Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 1. Rivulus uakti, UFRJ 5925, male, holotype, 24.0 mm SL (two days after collection); Brazil: Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira: upper rio Negro basin.
FIGURE 3 in Rivulus uatuman sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivul idae): a new miniature killifish from the central Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 3. Brazil: Amazonas: Balbina: FIGURE 4. Brazil: Amazonas: Balbina: Rio Rio Uatumã basin; general view of the type Uatumã basin; detailed view of the type locality locality of Rivulus uakti. of Rivulus uakti.
FIGURE 1. Rivulus uatuman, UFRJ 6022 in Rivulus uatuman sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivul idae): a new miniature killifish from the central Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 1. Rivulus uatuman, UFRJ 6022, male, FIGURE 2. Rivulus uatuman, UFRJ holotype, 16.6 mm SL (one day after collection); 6023, female, paratype, 16.1 mm SL (one Brazil: Amazonas: Balbina: Rio Uatumã basin. day after collection); Brazil: Amazonas:
Fig. 1 in Feeding ecology of Rivulus luelingi (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae) in a Coastal Atlantic Rainforest stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of the study site in Guaratuba Munipality (black square), Paraná State coast (southern Brazil).
Fig. 2 in Rivulus kirovskyi, a new killifish from the central Amazon, Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Fig. 2. Diagrammatic representation of the frontal squamation pattern. a: Rivulus kirovskyi, holotype, UFRJ 5935, male, 20.3 mm SL; Brazil: Amazonas: Manaus; b: Rivulus santensis, UFRJ 123, male, 38.5 mm SL; Brazil: São Paulo: Bertioga.
Data from: Predation drives the evolution of brain cell proliferation and brain allometry in male Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii
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Choice consequences: salinity preferences and hatchling survival in the mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus)
<p>In heterogeneous environments, mobile species should occupy habitats in which their fitness is maximized. Mangrove rivulus fish inhabit mangrove ecosystems where salinities range from 0 to 65 ppt, but are most often collected at ∼25 ppt. We examined the salinity preference of mangrove rivulus in a lateral salinity gradient, in the absence of predators and competitors. Fish could swim freely for 8 h throughout the gradient with chambers containing salinities ranging from 5 to 45 ppt (or 25 ppt throughout, control). We defined preference as the salinity in which the fish spent most of their time, and also measured preference strength, latency to begin exploring the arena, and number of transitions between chambers. To determine whether these traits were repeatable, each fish experienced three trials. Mangrove rivulus spent a greater proportion of time in salinities lower (5–15 ppt) than they occupy in the wild. Significant among-individual variation in the (multivariate) behavioral phenotype emerged when animals experienced the gradient, indicating strong potential for selection to drive behavioral evolution in areas with diverse salinity microhabitats.We also showed that mangrove rivulus had a significantly greater probability of laying eggs in low salinities compared with in control or high salinities. Eggs laid in lower salinities also had higher hatching success compared with those laid in higher salinities. Thus, although mangrove rivulus can tolerate a wide range of salinities, they prefer low salinities. These results raise questions about factors that prevent mangrove rivulus from occupying lower salinities in the wild, whether higher salinities impose energetic costs, and whether fitness changes as a function of salinity.</p>
Data from: The evolution of diapause in Rivulus (Laimosemion)
Annual killifish adapted to life in aquatic habitat that seasonally dries have evolved desiccation resistant eggs capable of undergoing diapause, developmental arrest, at specific stages during embryology. Although noted for their remarkable abilities to live at the land-water interface, species in the genus Rivulus are considered non-annual killifish exhibiting typical teleost development patterns and no embryonic diapause. Here, we combine a molecular phylogeny with embryological study to demonstrate an independent origin of mid-embryonic diapause within a clade of Rivulus (subgenus Laimosemion) that inhabits small streams or savannah pools. We further observed that some of these species exhibit a short dispersed cell phase separating epiboly and the formation of the embryo axis – a feature of development only observed in annual killifish. Lastly, we incubated embryos of Laimosemion species and outgroup taxa in both water and peat moss, and observed that on peat moss embryos of all species are capable of delaying hatching for greater than 10 days, but when water-incubated there are significant differences among species in the length of this delay prior to hatching. We hypothesize that the preferred microhabitat of this clade of killifish exposes their embryos to periodic desiccation, creating selection in favor of embryonic diapause.
Fig. 1 in Rivulus kirovskyi, a new killifish from the central Amazon, Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Fig. 1. Rivulus kirovskyi, holotype, UFRJ 5935, male, 20.3 mm SL; Brazil: Amazonas: Manaus.
Choice consequences: salinity preferences and hatchling survival in the mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus)
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Data from: The evolution of diapause in Rivulus (Laimosemion)
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Data from: Convergence of life history phenotypes in a Trinidadian killifish (Rivulus hartii)
Convergent evolution is characterized by the independent evolution of similar phenotypes within similar selective environments. Previous work on Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii, demonstrated repeatable life history differences across communities that differ in predation intensity. These studies were performed in rivers located on the south slope of Trinidad's Northern Range Mountains. There exists a parallel series of rivers on the north slope of these mountains. As on the south slope, Rivulus is found across a gradient of fish predation. However, the predatory fish species in north-slope rivers are derived from marine families, whereas south-slope rivers contain a predatory fish fauna characteristic of the South American mainland. If predator-induced mortality and the associated indirect effects are the causal factors selecting for life history patterns in Rivulus, and these are similar in north and south-slope rivers, then the specific predatory species should be interchangeable and we would expect convergence of life history phenotypes across slopes. Here, we characterize the life history phenotypes of Rivulus from north-slope communities. We find similar patterns of life history divergence across analogous predator communities. Between slopes, minor differences in Rivulus life history traits exist and one potential cause of these differences is the abundance of Macrobrachium prawns in north-slope rivers.
FIGURE 5 in Rivulus uatuman sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivul idae): a new miniature killifish from the central Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 5. Diagrammatic representation of the frontal squamation pattern and supraorbital neuromast arrangement in: A, Rivulus romeri, R. kirovskyi and R. uatuman (sketch based on R. kirovskyi, holotype, UFRJ 5935, male, 20.3 mm SL); and B, in other species of the genus (sketch based on R. santensis, UFRJ 123, male, 38.5 mm SL).
FIGURE 3 in Rivulus uatuman sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivul idae): a new miniature killifish from the central Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 3. Brazil: Amazonas: Balbina: FIGURE 4. Brazil: Amazonas: Balbina: Rio Rio Uatumã basin; general view of the type Uatumã basin; detailed view of the type locality locality of Rivulus uakti. of Rivulus uakti.
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