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21 results for “Roundup”
The interactive effects of predator stress, predation, and the herbicide Roundup®
These data are from a mesocosm experiment examined how lethal predators and cues from caged predators potentially interacted with four concentrations of the herbicide Roundup® in its effects on three species of tadpoles (gray tree frogs, green frogs, bulfrogs).
New effects of Roundup on amphibians: Predators reduce herbicide mortality while herbicides induce anti-predator morphology, 2006.
The use of pesticides is important for growing crops and protecting human health by reducing the prevalence of targeted pest species. However, less attention is given to the potential unintended effects on nontarget species, including taxonomic groups that are of current conservation concern. One issue raised in recent years is the potential for pesticides to become more lethal in the presence of predatory cues, a phenomenon observed thus far only in the laboratory. A second issue is whether pesticides can induce unintended trait changes in nontarget species, particularly trait changes that might mimic adaptive responses to natural environmental stressors. Using outdoor mesocosms, I created simple wetland communities containing leaf litter, algae, zooplankton, and three species of tadpoles (wood frogs [Rana sylvatica or Lithobates sylvaticus], leopard frogs [R. pipiens or L. pipiens], and American toads [Bufo americanus or Anaxyrus americanus]). I exposed the communities to a factorial combination of environmentally relevant herbicide concentrations (0, 1, 2, or 3 mg acid equivalents [a.e.]/L of Roundup Original MAX) crossed with three predator-cue treatments (no predators, adult newts [Notophthalmus viridescens], or larval dragonflies [Anax junius]). Without predator cues, mortality rates from Roundup were consistent with past studies. Combined with cues from the most risky predator (i.e., dragonflies), Roundup became less lethal (in direct contrast to past laboratory studies). This reduction in mortality was likely caused by the herbicide stratifying in the water column and predator cues scaring the tadpoles down to the benthos where herbicide concentrations were lower. Even more striking was the discovery that Roundup induced morphological changes in the tadpoles. In wood frog and leopard frog tadpoles, Roundup induced relatively deeper tails in the same direction and of the same magnitude as the adaptive changes induced by dragonfly cues. To my knowledge, this i
The lethal impacts of Roundup and predatory stress on six species of North American tadpoles.
The decline in amphibians across the globe has sparked a search for the causes, and recent evidence suggests a connection with pesticides. However, for most pesticides, tests on amphibians are rare and conducted only for short durations (1 to 4 days) and without natural stressors. Recent studies have discovered that the stress of predator cues in the water can make insecticides much more lethal to larval amphibians, but it is unknown whether this phenomenon can be generalized to other types of pesticides. Using six species of North American amphibian larvae (Rana sylvatica, R. pipiens, R. clamitans, R. catesbeiana, Bufo americanus, and Hyla versicolor), I examined the impact of a globally common herbicide (Roundup) on the survival of tadpoles for 16days with and without the chemical cues emitted by predatory newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). LC5016-d estimates varied from 0.55 to 2.52 mg of active ingredient (AI)/L, which was considerably lower than the few previous studies using Roundup (1.5 to 15.5 mg AI/L). Moreover, in one of the six species tested (R. sylvatica), the addition of predatory stress made Roundup twice as lethal. This discovery suggests that synergistic interactions between predatory stress and pesticides may indeed be a generalizable phenomenon in amphibians that occurs with a wide variety of pesticides.
Orthologs for Homo Sapiens and Drosophila Melanogaster from the Roundup Orthology Database Version 4
<p>This dataset contains orthologs for Homo sapiens and Drosophila melanogaster, computed with the Reciprocal Smallest Distance algorithm using a divergence threshold of 0.8 and an e-value threshold of 1e-5. The orthologs were downloaded from version 4 of the Roundup database, which is no longer available.</p>
Figure 1 in Lethal and sublethal effects of exposure to Roundup 360 Plus for the Chaoborus flavicans larvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae)
Figure 1. The distribution of C. flavicans larvae within the water column under different concentrations of GLY. Box-mean, whisker-SD, n = 10, 0-close to the bottom, 1-in the water column, 2-close to the surface of the water. The letters above boxes indicate significant differences between time points (Tukey test, p <0.05)
Figure 2 in Lethal and sublethal effects of exposure to Roundup 360 Plus for the Chaoborus flavicans larvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae)
Figure 2. Morphological malformations of C. flavicans larvae. a– control organisms. Note two pairs of air sacs (arrows) and the digestive system (arrowhead). b– magnified picture of a pair of air sacs of a control insect. Note the regular distribution of chromatophores over the sacs. c– C. flavicans larva exposed to 20 µg/L GLY. Note altered pigmentation of the air sacs (arrow) and contortion of the body. d– C. flavicans larva exposed to 100 µg/L GLY. Note altered pigmentation, a contortion of the body that is close to the front air sacs (arrowhead), and darkening of the body. e, f– C. flavicans larva exposed to 400 µg/L GLY. Note the disappearance of pigmentation of air sacs, and the darkening of the body.
Roundup causes high levels of mortality following contact exposure
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Roundup causes embryonic development failure, alters metabolic pathways and gut microbiota functionality in non-target species
<p><b>Background: </b>Research around the weedkiller Roundup is among the most contentious of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Scientists have provided inconclusive evidence that the weedkiller causes cancer and other life-threatening diseases, while industry-paid research reports that the weedkiller has no adverse effect on humans or animals. Much of the controversial evidence on Roundup is rooted in the approach used to determine safe use of chemicals, defined by outdated toxicity tests.We apply a system biology approach to the biomedical and ecological model species <i>Daphnia</i> to quantify the impact of Glyphosate and of its commercial formula, Roundup, on fitness, genome-wide transcription and gut microbiota, taking full advantage of clonal reproduction in <i>Daphnia. </i>We then <span>apply </span>machine learning-based statistical analysis to identify and prioritize correlations between genome-wide transcriptional and microbiota changes.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>We demonstrate that chronic exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of Glyphosate and Roundup at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water in the US induce embryonic developmental failure, significant DNA damage (genotoxicity), and interfere with signaling. Furthermore, chronic exposure to the weedkiller alters the gut microbiota functionality and composition interfering with carbon and fat metabolism, as well as homeostasis. Using the 'Reactome', we identify conserved pathways across the Tree of Life, which are potential targets for Roundup in other species, including liver metabolism, inflammation pathways and collagen degradation, responsible for the repair of wounds and tissue remodeling.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Our results show that chronic exposure to concentrations of Roundup and Glyphosate at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water causes embryonic development failure, and alteration of key metabolic functions via direct effect on the host molecular processes and indirect effect on the gut microbiota. The ecological model species <i>Daphnia</i> occupies a central position in the food web of aquatic ecosystems, being the preferred food of small vertebrates and invertebrates as well as a grazer of algae and bacteria. The impact of the weedkiller on this keystone species has cascading effects on aquatic food webs, affecting their ability to deliver critical ecosystem services.</p>
In-depth comparative toxicogenomics of glyphosate and Roundup herbicides: Histopathology, transcriptome and epigenome signatures, and DNA damage
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Whether or not glyphosate activates cellular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis remains controversial. We tested whether glyphosate and three glyphosate-based commercial herbicide formulations activate mechanisms known to be key characteristics of carcinogens. The mammalian stem cell-based genotoxicity ToxTracker assay showed that the representative EU formulation Roundup MON 52276 and the UK formulation Roundup MON 76473, but not glyphosate and the US Roundup formulation MON 76207, activated oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses. High-throughput molecular profiling of liver function was performed in female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to glyphosate or MON 52276 (both at 0.5, 50, 175 mg/kg bw/day glyphosate equivalent concentration) for 90 days. Histopathology and serum biochemistry analysis showed that MON 52276 but not glyphosate treatment increased hepatic steatosis and necrosis. MON 52276 and glyphosate altered the expression of genes in liver reflecting TP53 activation by DNA damage and the regulation of circadian rhythms. The most affected genes in liver also had their expression similarly altered in kidneys. Small RNA profiling in liver showed miR-22 and miR-17 had their levels decreased by MON 52276, while mir-30 levels were decreased, whilst miR-10 levels were increased by glyphosate. DNA methylation profiling of liver revealed 5,727 and 4,496 differentially methylated CpG sites between the control and glyphosate and MON 52276 exposed groups of animals respectively. Direct DNA damage measurement by apurinic/apyrimidinic lesion formation in liver was increased with glyphosate exposure. Altogether, our results show that Roundup herbicide formulations are causing more biological changes than glyphosate alone, activating mechanisms involved in cellular carcinogenesis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
The Effects of Roundup™ on Benthic Microbial Assemblages
<p>Given the wide usage of Roundup, a common herbicide, the impacts of its presence in ecological communities are of great interest. Many studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, on different factions of an ecosystem including on animals, plants, microorganisms, and nutrients. The current study expanded upon these works using Roundup instead of glyphosate to provide a realistic application in which to observe the development of microbial assemblages and nutrient composition in two different habitats. Winogradsky columns were prepared using benthic material from a ditch and a pond. Varying concentrations of Roundup were introduced to the columns at the beginning of the study and microbial growth and nutrient compositions from each column were measured weekly. The results indicate that the presence of Roundup has varying effects on microorganisms and nutrients. While photosynthetic microbes were negatively impacted, a shift in the microbial composition to heterotrophic microbes indicates that these microorganisms were able to utilize some ingredients in Roundup as a nutrient source. Additionally, the temporal analysis of nutrient compositions indicated that microbes metabolize glyphosate starting with the phosphate moiety even when the other compounds in Roundup are present. While these trends were observed in both benthic habitats, the composition of the ecological community can affect its ability to utilize the ingredients in Roundup as a nutrient source.</p>
In-depth comparative toxicogenomics of glyphosate and Roundup herbicides: Histopathology, transcriptome and epigenome signatures, and DNA damage
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The Effects of Roundup™ on Benthic Microbial Assemblages
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Roundup causes embryonic development failure, alters metabolic pathways and gut microbiota functionality in non-target species
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Interactome Analysis: miRNA-gene networks from Austrolebias charrua exposed to Roundup (Cytoscape files .cys)
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Transcript profiles of juvenile female brown trout exposed to glyphosate and Roundup herbicides.
GEO Series GSE56855. Salmo trutta. 45 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptome analysis of liver and kidneys of rats chronically fed a NK603 Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize
GEO Series GSE73888. Rattus norvegicus. 56 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Wide-scale transcriptome disturbance underlies liver and kidney pathology from chronic ultra low dose Roundup exposure [kidney]
GEO Series GSE66059. Rattus norvegicus. 19 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Transcriptome analysis of liver and kidneys of rats chronically fed a NK603 Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize [liver]
GEO Series GSE73886. Rattus norvegicus. 28 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Wide-scale transcriptome disturbance underlies liver and kidney pathology from chronic ultra low dose Roundup exposure [liver]
GEO Series GSE66058. Rattus norvegicus. 20 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Wide-scale transcriptome disturbance underlies liver and kidney pathology from chronic ultra low dose Roundup exposure
GEO Series GSE66060. Rattus norvegicus. 39 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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