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92 results for “Rumen”
Rumen_Microbial_Genomes_from_Cow_Fed_with_Red_Seaweed_Additives
<p>This dataset represents the 3180 non-redundant species-level rumen microbial genomes established through the integration of MAGs recovered from the rumen of cows that were fed with red seaweed or not, publicly available rumen MAGs and isolate genomes from Hungate collection. In order to match those old genome names with the new genome names used in the manuscript, please refer to supplementary table 3.</p>
Defining fatty acids changes linked to rumen development, weaning and growth within Holstein-Friesian heifers
<p>After birth, as effectively monogastric animals, calves undergo substantial physiological changes to become ruminants by 3 months of age and reach sexual maturity at approximately 15 months of age. Herein, we assess longitudinal metabolomic changes in Holstein-Friesian (HF) heifers from birth until sexual maturity during this developmental process. Sera from 20 healthy, HF heifers were sampled biweekly from 2 weeks of age until 13 months of age and then monthly until 19 months of age. Sera were assessed using flow infusion electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) on a Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer for high throughput, sensitive, non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting. Partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of the derived metabolomes indicated changes detectable in heifers’ sera over time. Time series analyses identified 30 metabolites that could be related to rumen development and weaning at ~ 3 months of age. Further time series analysis identified 40 metabolites that could be correlated to growth. These findings highlight the role of acetic acid and 3-PP within rumen development and growth, suggest that weaning induces elevated levels of fatty acyls in response to a post-weaning stress induced innate immune response and demonstrate the utilisation of fatty acyls in growth. The identified metabolites offer serum metabolites which could inform the nutrition and healthy development of heifers</p>
Fig. 5 in Rumen Ciliate Biota of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in İstanbul, Turkey and Infraciliature of Metadinium medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)
Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of D. dogieli. a, b – in MFS and Lugol's iodine from the right side. CV – contractile vacuole, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus. Narrow longitudinal thickening of the pellicle (arrowhead).
Fig. 4 in Rumen Ciliate Biota of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in İstanbul, Turkey and Infraciliature of Metadinium medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)
Fig. 4. SEM images of Diplodinium dogieli. a – from the left side, b – from the right side, c – from the right side in binary fission. AL – adoral lip, DCZ – dorsal ciliary zone, DL – dorsal lip, O – operculum. Narrow longitudinal thickening of the pellicle (arrowheads).
Fig. 3 in Rumen Ciliate Biota of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in İstanbul, Turkey and Infraciliature of Metadinium medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of M. medium in binary fission from the right side, after pyridinated silver carbonate impregnation. AP – adoral polybrachykinety, DAP – dorso-adoral polybrachykinety, DP – dorsal polybrachykinety, DPR – dorsal primordium, KL – kinety loop, LP – left primordium, NP – narrow polybrachykinety between ventral and right primordia, PK – paralabial kineties, RPR – right primordium, VP – vestibular polybrachykinety, VPR – ventral primordium.
Fig. 1 in Rumen Ciliate Biota of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in İstanbul, Turkey and Infraciliature of Metadinium medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)
Fig. 1. Schematic figure of infraciliature of Metadinium medium from the right side, after pyridinated silver carbonate impregnation. AP – adoral polybrachykinety, DAP – dorso-adoral polybrachykinety, DP – dorsal polybrachykinety, KL – kinety loop, PK – paralabial kineties, VP – vestibular polybrachykinety.
Figure 1 in Rumen ciliate fauna (Ciliophora, Protista) of Turkish domestic goats living in İzmir, Turkey
Figure 1. Photomicrographs of E. semahatae, fixed and stained with MFS. The cell is in the early stage of binary fission. a) From right side, b) from left side.
Figures 1–9 in Rumen ciliate biota of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758) in Kastamonu, Turkey
Figures 1–9. Photomicrographs of some rumen ciliates of the water buffaloes in Kastamonu, Turkey, after pyridinated silver carbonate impregnation. 1- Entodinium ellipsoideum from the right side, 2- En. bursa from the right side, 3- En. dilobum from the left side, 4- En. bimastus from the right side, 5- En. triacum m. triacum from the left side, 6- En. longinucleatum from the left side, 7- En. simulans m. caudatum from the right side, 8- Diplodinium anisacanthum m. monocanthum from the right side, 9- D. dentatum from the right side. ACZ, Adoral ciliary zone; AP, adoral polybrachykinety; DP, dorsal polybrachykinety; VP, vestibular polybrachykinety.
The rumen virome database (RVD)
<p>Given the potential role of phages in modulating microbial population, metabolism, and evolution, virome has been recognized as an indispensable yet underexplored component in microbiomes. Our understanding of the rumen virome, however, is derived from a few culture-dependent studies. To address this knowledge gap, we mined 975 published rumen metagenomes for viral sequences and created the first rumen virome database (RVD) representing 397,180 species-level viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs). Most of the vOTUs were not classified to any existing taxa. The classified vOTUs represent viral lineages distinct from those found in the human gut microbiome. Functionally diverse auxiliary metabolic genes and antibiotic resistance genes were carried by some rumen viruses and they may affect the physiology of their hosts and the rumen fermentation process. The RVD database and the major findings of the rumen virome analyses can help and inform future studies on rumen virome. </p>
Isotopic nitrogen fractionation and fermentation products from invitro culture experiments using rumen bacteria
<p>Dataset used in the paper titled : The extent of nitrogen isotopic fractionation in rumen bacteria is associated with changes in rumen nitrogen metabolism (DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2350552/v1). It contains individual data for isotopic nitrogen fractionation and fermentation products from invitro culture experiments using rumen bacteria</p>
Data from: Microbial composition play the leading role in volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of different scale of corn stover with rumen fluid
<p>Rumen fluid is a natural and green biocatalyst that can efficiently degrade biomass into volatile fatty acid (VFA) used to produce value-added materials. But the essence of high degradation efficiency in the rumen has not been fully analyzed. This study investigated the contribution of substrate structure and microbial composition to volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of corn stover. The ball milled corn stover were innovatively applied to ferment with the rumen fluid collected at different digestion times. Exogeneous cellulase was also added to the ruminal fermentation to further reveal the inner mechanism. With prolonged digestion time, the microbial community relative abundance levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased from 29.98% to 72.74% and decreased from 51.76% to 22.11%, respectively. The highest VFA production of the corn stover was achieved via treatment with the rumen fluid collected at 24 h which was up to 9508 mg/L. The ball milled corn stover achieved high VFA production because of the more accessible substrate structure. The application of exogenous cellulase has no significant influence to the ruminal fermentation. The microbial community abundance contributed more to the VFA production compared with the substrate structures.</p>
SFigure1. OTUs at genus level significantly different (p<0.05) between rumen samples of cows fed control and cold-pressed sunflower cake in the first period of the experiment (n=5).
<p>OTUs at genus level significantly different (p<0.05) between rumen samples of cows fed control and cold-pressed sunflower cake in the first period of the experiment (n=5). </p>
Data from: Microbial composition play the leading role in volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of different scale of corn stover with rumen fluid
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The external rumen of dung beetles: Complex interactions between larvae and their ontogenetic environments shape growth and life history
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FIGURE 3 in Rumen ciliates in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries), with new records and redescription of Entodinium contractum (Entodiniomorphida: Ophryoscolecidae)
FIGURE 3. Entodinium contractum Kofoid & Christenson recorded in Brazilian sheep. A. Schematic drawing based on live observation; B. Specimen of Entodinium contractum after Lugol's solution; C. Schematic drawing based on silver carbonate impregnation. D. Specimen of Entodinium contractum after silver carbonete impregnation. ACZ: Adoral ciliary zone; AP: Adoral polybrachkynety; Ma: Macronucleus; Mi: Micronucleus; Ve: Vestibulum; VP: Vestibular polybrachkynety. Bars: 20µm.
FIGURE 2 in Rumen ciliates in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries), with new records and redescription of Entodinium contractum (Entodiniomorphida: Ophryoscolecidae)
FIGURE 2. Average relative abundance of two subfamilies of Ophryoscolecid ciliates in Brazilian sheep fed diets containing different concentrate levels (20, 40, 60 and 80%).
FIGURE 1 in Rumen ciliates in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries), with new records and redescription of Entodinium contractum (Entodiniomorphida: Ophryoscolecidae)
FIGURE 1. Average relative abundance of three families (Isotrichidae, Ophryoscolecidae and Parentodiniidae) of rumen ciliates in Brazilian sheep fed diets containing different concentrate levels (20, 40, 60 and 80%).
FIGURE 1 in Description of Diploplastron dehorityi sp. nov. (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae), a new rumen ciliate from Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries)
FIGURE 1. Diploplastron ciliates recorded in Brazilian domestic sheep (Ovis aries L.). a–f. Diploplastron dehorityi sp. nov. a. Schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol's solution. b. Schematic drawing of the oral infraciliary bands pattern. c–d. Schematic drawing of variations in the morphology of skeletal plates. e. Specimen stained with Lugol's solution. f. Specimen impregnated with silver carbonate. g–j. Diploplastron affine (Dogiel and Fedorowa, 1925). g. Schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol's solution. h. Schematic drawing of the oral infraciliary bands pattern. i. Specimen stained with Lugol's solution. j. Specimen impregnated with silver carbonate. e–j. ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; AP: adoral polybrachykinety; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykinety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; Sk: skeletal plate; VP: vestibular polybrachykinety. Bars (e, f, i, j): 20 µm.
FIGURES 13–16 in Rumen Ciliate Fauna of Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) in İzmir, Turkey and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations
FIGURES 13–16. SEM images of (13) Enoploplastron triloricatum, (14)–(16) Dasytricha ruminantium. AL: Adoral Lip, CR: Ciliary Rows, DL: Dorsal Lip, O: Operculum, P: Pore of contractile vacuole. Small numerous holes (arrowheads).
FIGURES 1–4 in Rumen Ciliate Fauna of Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) in İzmir, Turkey and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations
FIGURES 1–4. SEM images of (1) Entodinium longinucleatum, (2) E. bursa, (3) E. rectangulatum m. rectangulatum, (4) E. semahatae. AL: Adoral Lip, CL: Caudal Lobe, CS: Caudal Spine, P: Pore of contractile vacuole.
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