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6 results for “Salmonella Heidelberg”
Data from: Hotspot mutations and ColE1 plasmids contribute to the fitness of Salmonella Heidelberg in poultry litter
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is a clinically-important serovar linked to food-borne illness, and commonly isolated from poultry. Investigations of a large, multistate outbreak in the USA in 2013 identified poultry litter (PL) as an important extra-intestinal environment that may have selected for specific S. Heidelberg strains. Poultry litter is a mixture of bedding materials and chicken excreta that contains chicken gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria, undigested feed, feathers, and other materials of chicken origin. In this study, we performed a series of controlled laboratory experiments which assessed the microevolution of two S. Heidelberg strains (SH-2813 and SH-116) in PL previously used to raise 3 flocks of broiler chickens. The strains are closely related at the chromosome level, differing from the reference genome by 109 and 89 single nucleotide polymorphisms/InDels, respectively. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 86 isolates recovered after 0, 1, 7 and 14 days of microevolution in PL. Only strains carrying an IncX1 (37kb), 2 ColE1 (4 and 6kb) and 1 ColpVC (2kb) plasmids survived more than 7 days in PL. Competition experiments showed that carriage of these plasmids was associated with increased fitness. This increased fitness was associated with an increased copy number of IncX1 and ColE1 plasmids. Further, all Col plasmid-bearing strains had hotspot mutations in 37 loci on the chromosome and in 3 loci on the IncX1 plasmid. Additionally, we observed a decrease in susceptibility to tobramycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, neomycin and fosfomycin for Col plasmid-bearing strains. Our study demonstrates how positive selection from poultry litter can change the evolutionary path of S. Heidelberg.
Horizontal gene transfer is the main driver of antimicrobial resistance in broiler chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg
<p>Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in clinical settings and in food production have been linked to the increased prevalence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AR). Consequently, public health and consumer concerns have resulted in a remarkable reduction in antibiotics used for food animal production. However, there are no data on the effectiveness of antibiotic removal in reducing AR shared through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In this study, we used neonatal broiler chicks and Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH), a model food pathogen, to test if chicks raised antibiotic-free harbor transferable AR. We challenged chicks with an antibiotic susceptible SH strain using various routes of inoculation and determined if SH isolates recovered carried plasmids conferring AR. We used antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to show that chicks grown without antibiotics harbored antimicrobial resistant SH population 14 days after challenge and chicks challenged orally acquired AR at a higher rate than chicks inoculated via the cloaca. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing we found that SH infection perturbed the microbiota of broiler chicks and used metagenomics and WGS to confirm commensal Escherichia coli population as the main reservoir of IncI1 plasmid acquired by SH. The carriage of this IncI1 plasmid posed no fitness cost to SH but increased its fitness when exposed to acidic pH in vitro. These results suggest that HGT of plasmids carrying AR shaped the evolution of SH and that antibiotic use reduction alone is insufficient to limit antibiotic resistance transfer from commensal bacteria to Salmonella.</p>
Survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg in pine shavings used as broiler litter
<p>Wood shavings is the most common bedding material used around the world to raise broiler. Therefore, wood shavings can be a vehicle for the transmission of pathogens to live birds. In this study, we performed an in-depth genomic characterization of three <em>Salmonella enterica </em>serovar Heidelberg (<em>S</em>. Heidelberg) strains recovered after their inoculation into fresh pine shaving. The three strains used for the microcosm study were previously isolated from broiler feces (SH-AAFC), broiler carcass (SH-ARS) and chicken thigh (SH-FSIS) and differed one from another by 46 - 94 single nucleotide variants. The SH-AAFC strain harbored an antimicrobial resistant gene (ARG) (<em>bla</em><sub>CMY-2</sub>) on an IncI1 plasmid while the SH-FSIS strain harbored multiple ARGs (<em>floR, cmlA1, tet(A), bla</em><sub>TEM-1B</sub><em>, ant(2'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aph(3'')-Ib </em>and<em> sul2</em>) on an IncC plasmid. The SH-ARS isolate was pan susceptible to several antibiotics evaluated. We determined the abundance of <em>Salmonella </em>at days 0, 1, 7, 14 and 21 and performed antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (on 77 randomly selected <em>S</em>. Heidelberg isolates. After 21 days of incubation, <em>Salmonella </em>abundance decreased by 4.4 logs. <em>Salmonella</em> with high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against ampicillin showed a significantly higher abundance and survival rate compared to <em>Salmonella</em> with high MIC against gentamicin (<em>P</em>< 0.05). Clonal SH-AAFC was the most prevalent strain in the microcosms (48/77), followed by the strain SH-ARS (25/77). Only 4/77 isolates were determined to be clones of SH-FSIS. We identified recombination events and plasmid copy number changes that were associated with the fitness of <em>S</em>. Heidelberg strain carrying IncI1 and Col plasmids. Lastly, we found that litter physicochemical variables including water activity could explain up to 85% of the variability in our data.</p>
Horizontal gene transfer is the main driver of antimicrobial resistance in broiler chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg
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Data from: Hotspot mutations and ColE1 plasmids contribute to the fitness of Salmonella Heidelberg in poultry litter
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Transcriptomic profiling of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg in the presence of commensal Escherichia coli of poultry origin
GEO Series GSE276976. Escherichia coli; Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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