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21 results for “Sarcophyton”
Photophysiology and molecular responses of the soft coral Sarcophyton cf glaucum exposed to heat and high light stress
<p>An experiment testing different temperatures (26 vs 32 ºC) and light intensities (high light HL and low light LL, ∼662 and 253 µmol photons m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) was carried out using the soft coral <em>Sarcophyton</em> cf <em>glaucum</em> (leather coral) as model species.</p> <p>In summary, corals were exposed to the different light intensities for 30 days (Photoacclimation, time-point 1) and a subsequent marine heatwave simulation was carried out for 10 days (Marine heatwave, time-point 2). Subsequently, corals were returned to control temperature and allowed to recover for 30 days (Recovery, time-point 3). Photophysiological performance (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), a measure of photosynthetic activity; dark-level fluorescence (F<sub>0</sub>), as a proxy of chlorophyll <em>a</em> content; and zooxanthellae density) and stress biomarkers (total protein, catalase - CAT, superoxide dismutase - SOD, glutathione-S-transferase - GST, total antioxidant capacity - TAC, lipid peroxidation - LPO, ubiquitin - UBI, and heat shock protein 70 - Hsp70) were assessed in corals at these three time-points.</p>
FIGURE 4. Sarcophyton minusculum n in Some shallow water octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Persian Gulf
FIGURE 4. Sarcophyton minusculum n. sp., holotype RMNH Coel. 38756, sclerites of base of colony: a, capstans of surface layer; b, clubs of surface layer; c-d, spindles of interior. Scale at c also applies to a.
FIGURE 3. Sarcophyton minusculum n in Some shallow water octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Persian Gulf
FIGURE 3. Sarcophyton minusculum n. sp., holotype RMNH Coel. 38756, sclerites of the polyparium: a, polyp rods; b, capstans of surface layer; c, clubs of surface; d, spindles of interior; e, shuttles.
Fig. 9 in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 9. Experimental ECD spectra of (black) and the calculated ECD spectra (red and green) of 5 and 6. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 10 in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 10. Experimental ECD spectrum of 7 (black) and the calculated ECD spectra of 6S,11S,12S-7 (red) and the mirrored 6R,11R,12R-7 (blue). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3. The key 1H–1H in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 3. The key 1H–1H COSY (red lines) and HMBC (blue arrows, from 1H to 13C) correlations of compounds 1–7. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 2. Perspective ORTEP drawing of the X-ray structure of 8 (displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level).
Fig. 8 in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 8. Application of the modified Mosher's method to 5 and 6. Chemical shift values of ΔδSR [Δ(δS – δR)] are given in ppm. Positive and negative regions are colored blue and red, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 4 in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 4. the key NOESY (pink arrows, from 1H to 1H) correlations of compounds 1, 2, 5 and 7. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 6 in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 6. Perspective ORTEP drawings of the X-ray structures of 2 (left) and 3 (right) (displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level).
Fig. 7 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans
Fig. 7. Anti-thrombotic assays of compounds 2–3. (A) Images of staining intensity of erythrocytes in heart in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thrombus in zebrafish, treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3), using aspirin as positive control. (B) Quantitative analysis of staining intensity of erythrocytes in heart in zebrafish treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3) in zebrafish. (C) Images of area of caudal vein thrombosis in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thrombus in zebrafish, treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3), using aspirin as positive control. (D) Quantitative analysis of area of caudal vein thrombosis in zebrafish treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3) in zebrafish. #### Indicates that the arachidonic acid model group has a very significant difference compared with the control group (P <0.01). ** indicate that sample groups have significant differences compared with the arachidonic acid model group (P <0.01).
Fig. 4 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans
Fig. 4. ORTEP drawing of compounds 1, 4, 6, and 8. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability.
Fig. 6 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans
Fig. 6. Anti-inflammatory assays of compounds 1–8. (A) Images of inflammatory sites in CuSO4-induced transgenic fluorescent zebrafish (Tg:zlyz-EGFP) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) treated with sarcoelegans A–H (1–8), using indomethacin as positive control. (B) Quantitative analysis of macrophages in the region of inflammatory sites in zebrafish treated with sarcoelegans A–H (1–8) in zebrafish at 20 μM #### Indicates that the CuSO4 model group has a very significant difference compared with the control group (P <0.01). ** indicate that sample groups have significant differences compared with the CuSO4 model group (P <0.01). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 7 in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 7. Chemical transformation of compound 3 into 4.
Fig. 1 in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 1. Chemical structures of compounds 1–9.
Fig. 11 in Further undescribed cembranoids from South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi: Structural elucidation and biological evaluation
Fig. 11. Docking pose of compound 8 bound to the active site in α-glucosidase.
Fig. 3 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans
Fig. 3. Key NOESY correlations of compounds 1–8.
Fig. 5 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans
Fig. 5. Experimental and calculated ECD spectra of compounds 2–8.
Fig. 1 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans
Fig. 1. Structures of compounds 1–8.
Fig. 2. Key 1H–1H in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans
Fig. 2. Key 1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations of compounds 1–8.
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