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37 results for “Sardina”
Figure 1 in Evidence of trilobed testes in European sardine (Sardina pilchardus)
Figure 1. – Map of the sampling locations. Numbers refer to the Geographical Subareas (GSAs) of the Mediterranean in which samples were collected. The darker shade corresponds to the distributional range of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus).
Figure 3 in Seasonal pattern of population dynamics, spawning activities, and diet composition of sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum) in the eastern Adriatic Sea
Figure 3. Alternations of the mean monthly gonadosomatic index (GSI) and values of gonad masses (Wg, g) in sardines collected by commercial purse seiners during 2013 (February–November 2013) on Croatian fishing grounds.
Figure 8 in Reproduction et maturation des gonades de Sardina pilchardus dans le golfe d'Annaba (Nord-Est algérien)
Figure 8. - Représentation histologique des cinq stades de maturité cellulaire des ovaires de Sardina pilchardus. A: Stade I, Immature; B, C: Stade II, Pré-ponte; D: Stade III, Ponte; E: Stade IV, Post-ponte; F: Stade V, Repos sexuel (voir Tab. II). Coloration à l'hémalunéosine. Ov I: ovocyte primaire de phase I; Ov II: ovocyte primaire de phase II; Ov III: ovocyte primaire de phase III; Ov IV: ovocyte primaire de phase IV; Ov V: ovocyte primaire de phase V; N: noyau; il: inclusions lipidique; AT: ovocyte atrétique; Lo: lumière ovarienne; Fol: follicules vides (lacunes poste-ovulatoires). [Histological representation of the five stages of cell maturity of ovaries in S. pilchardus. A: Stage I, Immature; B, C: Stage II, Pre-spawning; D: Stage III, Spawning; E: Stage IV, Post-laying; F: Stage V, Sexual rest (see Tab. II). Staining with haematoxylin-eosin. Ov I: primary oocyte phase I; Ov II: primary oocyte phase II; Ov III: primary oocyte phase III; Ov IV: primary oocyte phase IV; Ov V: primary oocyte phase V; N: nucleus; il: lipid inclusions; AT: atretic oocyte; Lo: ovarian light; Fol: empty follicles (gaps post-ovulatory).
Figure 7 in Reproduction et maturation des gonades de Sardina pilchardus dans le golfe d'Annaba (Nord-Est algérien)
Figure 7. - Relations entre la fécondité absolue et la longueur totale (A), poids des gonades (B), le poids total (C), et poids somatique (D) chez Sardina pilchardus. [Relationships between batch fecundity and total length (A), ovary free weight (B), total weight (C) and somatic weight (D).]
Figure 4 in Reproduction et maturation des gonades de Sardina pilchardus dans le golfe d'Annaba (Nord-Est algérien)
Figure 4. - Variation mensuelle de l'adiposité chez les femelles (A) et chez les mâles (B) de Sardina pilchardus. Les lettres A, B, C, et D indiquent la différence significative entre les moyennes mensuelles et les groupes de moyennes identiques. Moyennes ± écartstypes de la moyenne. [Monthly change of adiposity in females (A) and in males (B). Different letters indicate significant differences between the monthly means and the groups of identical means. Means ± SEM.]
Figure 5 in Reproduction et maturation des gonades de Sardina pilchardus dans le golfe d'Annaba (Nord-Est algérien)
Figure 5. - Variation mensuelle du coefficient de condition K chez les femelles (A) et chez les mâles (B) de Sardina pilchardus. Les lettres A, B, C, D, et E indiquent la différence significative entre les moyennes mensuelles et les groupes de moyennes identiques. Moyennes ± écarts-types de la moyenne. [Monthly change of condition factor K in females (A) and in males (B). Different letters indicate significant differences between the monthly mean and the mean of identical groups. Means ± SEM.]
Figure 6 in Reproduction et maturation des gonades de Sardina pilchardus dans le golfe d'Annaba (Nord-Est algérien)
Figure 6. - Taille de première maturité sexuelle (L50) des Sardina pilchardus chez les femelles (A) et chez les mâles (B). [The size at first maturity (L50) in females (A) and in males (B).]
Figure 2 in Reproduction et maturation des gonades de Sardina pilchardus dans le golfe d'Annaba (Nord-Est algérien)
Figure 2. - Variation mensuelle du RGS chez les femelles (A) et chez les mâles (B) de Sardina pilchardus. Les lettres A, B, C et D indiquent la différence significative entre les moyennes mensuelles et les groupes de moyennes identiques. Moyennes ± écarts-types de la moyenne. [Monthly change of GSI in females (A) and in males (B). Different letters indicate significant differences between the monthly means and the groups of identical means. Means ± SEM.]
Figure 1 in Reproduction et maturation des gonades de Sardina pilchardus dans le golfe d'Annaba (Nord-Est algérien)
Figure 1. - Répartition des sexes de Sardina pilchardus en fonction de la taille. [Sex repartition of S. pilchardus, depending on the size.]
Fig. 14. Acestrocephalus pallidus, MZUSP 35624 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 14. Acestrocephalus pallidus, MZUSP 35624, immature female, 60.5 mm SL, ilha do Puruzinho, rio Madeira.
Fig. 13. Acestrocephalus acutus, MZUSP 31650 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 13. Acestrocephalus acutus, MZUSP 31650, holotype, mature female, 80 mm SL, igarapé do Cinzento, rio Itacaiunas, rio Tocantins drainage.
Fig. 10. Acestrocephalus maculosus, MZUSP 53974 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 10. Acestrocephalus maculosus, MZUSP 53974, holotype, 79 mm SL, immature female, córrego Água Parada, rio Tocantins drainage.
Fig. 9. Acestrocephalus boehlkei, MZUSP 12993 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 9. Acestrocephalus boehlkei, MZUSP 12993, paratype, 85 mm SL, mature male, Río Punino, Río Napo drainage.
Fig. 8 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 8. Map of northern and central South America showing the geographic distribution of the species of Acestrocephalus. Some symbols may represent more than one locality.
Fig. 6 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 6. Scatter plot of number of maxillary teeth on standard length for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei. Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus, A. pallidus, and A. acutus. The figure is not intended to show species differences therefore regression lines were not drawn and regression analyses were not performed. The primary purpose is to express the tendencies of the number of teeth on the maxilla to increase according to an increase in standard length. For the species represented by large number of specimens the data points are widely scattered.
Fig. 4 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 4. Scatter plot of eye diameter on head length for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei, A. pallidus, A. nigrifasciatus and A. acutus. Acestrocephalus sardina and A. nigrifiasciatus have larger eye diameters than the other species suggesting the recognition of two species groups with respect to this character (see diagnoses of A. sardina and A. nigrifasciatus).
Fig. 5 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder in A – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A. maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471). Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale.
Fig. 3. Acestrocephalus sardina, MZUSP 81209, 93 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 3. Acestrocephalus sardina, MZUSP 81209, 93 mm SL, immature female, rio Tiquié, rio Negro drainage.
Fig. 1. Acestrocephalus maculosus, MNRJ 12657 in Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)
Fig. 1. Acestrocephalus maculosus, MNRJ 12657, paratype, 44 mm SL. External view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder. Anterior towards left; skin and adipose tissue removed.
Contamination from microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in the digestive tracts of the commercial species Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Fragments of microplastics (< 5mm) found in commercial species of fish, crustaceans, and bivalves, are an issue of global concern. The bioaccumulation of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in different levels of the food web may provoke unwanted impacts on marine ecosystems and cause pernicious effects on human health. Here, we study the presence of anthropogenic particles and the fraction of microplastics in the target organs of two representative commercial fish species in Spain; the European anchovy (<em>Engraulis encrasicolus</em>) and the European pilchard (<em>Sardina pilchardus</em>). The individuals were sampled along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, from the Bay of Cádiz to Cape Santa Maria. The isolation of the microplastics (MPs) was carried out with a complete alkaline-oxidant organic digestion (KOH-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) of the digestive tract, including both the contents ingested and the muscle tissues. Anthropogenic particles were found in all individuals of both species with an average of 8.94 ± 5.11 items·ind<sup>-1</sup>. Fibres made up 93 % of the items while fragments and films were represented by the remaining 7 %. The average size of the anthropogenic particles was 0.89 ± 0.82 mm. In addition to the fragment and film particles identified as microplastics, 29 % of the fibres were estimated to be microplastics by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The main polymer found in both species was nylon. No significant correlation was found between the abundance and size of anthropogenic particles ingested and individual size or other body variables. The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and the distanced-based multiple linear regression model showed a high homogeneity in anthropogenic particle contamination in both species throughout the study area along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz.</p>
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