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Fig. 2 in Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Peltecanthon) Pereira, 1953 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Fig. 2. Canthon (Peltecanthon) staigi (Pereira, 1953), ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Restinga da Marambaia (CEMT). A. Parameres lateral view. B. Parameres dorsal view. C. Internal sac ventral view. D. Internal sac dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
Fig. 7 in Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Peltecanthon) Pereira, 1953 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Fig. 7. Canthon (Peltecanthon) terciae sp. nov., paratype, ♂, Rio Grande do Norte, Baia Formosa, Mata Estrela (CEMT). A. Dorsal habitus. B. Ventral surface of meso- and metafemora. C. Transverse carina in the hypomeron. D. Carina in the margin between pygidium and propygidium. E. Male protibial spur. F. Paratype, ♀, Rio Grande do Norte, Baia Formosa, Mata Estrela (CEMT), protibial spur.
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Peltecanthon) Pereira, 1953 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Fig. 1. Canthon (Peltecanthon) staigi (Pereira, 1953), ♂, São Paulo, Bertioga (CEMT). A. Dorsal habitus. B. Ventral surface of meso- and metafemora. C. Transverse carina in the hypomeron. D. Carina in the margin between pygidium and propygidium. E. Male protibial spur. F. Female protibial spur, São Paulo, Caraguatatuba, P.E. Serra do Mar (CEMT).
Fig. 29 in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 29. Current distribution of Streblopus van Lansberge, 1874 and the Old World groups with which it is believed to be more closely related plotted on an Upper Cretaceous palaeomap (~ 80 million years ago). Based particularly on the hypothesis in Tarasov & Génier (2015) that Streblopus is part of a clade otherwise composed uniquely of dung beetle lineages either exclusively distributed in Africa (Circellium, Chalconotus and Gyronotus) or with a distribution largely centred on that continent (Scarabaeini), and on the dating of the origin of the Scarabaeini as 71 million years ago (Gunter et al. 2016), we propose that the lineage that would eventually lead to Streblopus branched off from those groups in Africa some time between 95 and 71 million years ago, and that one of its descendent lineages (the only one living today) dispersed from its original continent to South America during the late Upper Cretaceous or the early Cenozoic. Since Africa and South America have not been connected by land since the Lower Cretaceous, the only way the ancestor of Streblopus could have reached South America was through transoceanic dispersal across the early South Atlantic. That dispersal probably happened by rafting on floating pieces of plants or other debris, as probably occurred with a large number of other organisms. Palaeomap modified from Scotese (2016); distribution area based on Balthasar (1963), Scholtz & Howden (1987), Davis et al. (2008) and our own results.
Fig. 14. Profemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 14. Profemora. A‒B. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). C. ♂. D. ♀. Note the differences between the species and sexes in relation to the overall shape of the profemora and the presence of spurs on the anterior edge in males.
Fig. 12. Pronotum. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 12. Pronotum. A. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. B. S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). Note the differences in the umbilicate punctation and colour between the species.
Fig. 1. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Ordinary specimens, dorsal view. A in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 1. Streblopus opatroides van Lansberge, 1874. A‒B. Ordinary specimens, dorsal view. A. ♂. B. ♀. C‒D. Lectotype, ♂. C. Dorsal view. D. Attached labels.
Fig. 3 in Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biogeographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 3. Streblopus punctatus (Balthasar, 1938). A‒B. Holotype, ♀. A. Dorsal view. B. Attached labels. C‒D. Ordinary specimens, dorsal view. C. ♂. D. ♀.
Fig. 2 in Redefinition and taxonomic revision of the "buqueti" species-group, Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 2. Ventral view of the parameres of "buqueti" species group. (A) D. buqueti; (B) D. haroldi; (C) D. nutans; (D) D. ribeiroi; (E) D. camposeabrai; (F) D. horridus; (G) D. nimuendaju; (H) D. quadrinodosus; (I) D. reclinatus. Line scale 1 mm.
Fig. 3 in Redefinition and taxonomic revision of the "buqueti" species-group, Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 3. Copulatrix lamellae of "buqueti" species group. (A) D. buqueti; (B) D. haroldi; (C) D. nutans; (D) D. ribeiroi; (E) D. camposeabrai; (F) D. horridus; (G) D. nimuendaju; (H) D. quadrinodosus; (I) D. reclinatus. Line scale 1 mm.
Figures 15–18. Big Bend desert scrubland habitat. 15 in The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Figures 15–18. Big Bend desert scrubland habitat. 15) Rocky hillside, Pinto Canyon (Presidio Co.). 16) Rio Grande valley, southeast corner of Presidio Co. (Mexico to the left; United States to the right). 17) Scrub hillside, south Brewster Co. 18) Creek bed, Chinati Hot Springs (Presidio Co.).
Figures 7–8. Big Bend dung beetles and pitfall trap design. 7 in The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Figures 7–8. Big Bend dung beetles and pitfall trap design. 7) Big Bend species arranged left to right in order of descending size (scale bar = 5mm): Above – Phanaeus texensis, Copris arizonensis, Canthon blumei, C. imitator; Below – Digitonthophagus gazella, Onthophagus brevifrons, Euoniticellus intermedius, Canthon praticola, C. mixtus, O. browni, O. velutinus, O. knausi. 8) Pitfall trap design: [A] active trap with cover (anchored with rocks); [B] cover removed to expose suspended bait and catch; [C] plant nursery container from likes of which trap cover fashioned (foreground); [D] trap receptacle, wire bait hanger and bait cup.
Figures 81–87 in New species of the Scarabaeus subgenus Scarabaeolus Balthasar, with a review of the subgenus (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Scarabaeini)
Figures 81–87. Scarabaeus (Scarabaeolus) species with two mesotibial spurs. 81) S. intricatus (Fabricius), m, 16.5 mm. 82) S. inoportunus Ferreira, m, 13.5 mm. 83) S. lucidulus (Boheman), m, 13.5 mm. 84) S. laevifrons Fairmaire, m, 11.5 mm. 85) S. reichei Waterhouse, HT, 18.5 mm. 86) S. reichei HT, detail of left elytron. 87) S. fritschi Harold, detail of left elytron (from specimen in Fig. 74).
Figures 63–71 in New species of the Scarabaeus subgenus Scarabaeolus Balthasar, with a review of the subgenus (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Scarabaeini)
Figures 63–71. Scarabaeus (Scarabaeolus) species with one mesotibial spur. 63) S. funebris (Boheman), m, 17.5 mm. 64) S. parvulus (Boheman), m, 14 mm. 65) S. clanceyi Ferreira, m, 12.7 mm. 66) S. karrooensis zur Strassen, m, 13 mm. 67) S. obsoletepunctatus Balthasar, HTf, 14.5 mm. 68) Same, ventral view. 69) S. palemo Olivier, m, 14.5 mm (Benin, brownish because teneral). 70) S. morbillosus Fabricius, ST, 13.7 mm (= S. palemo Olivier). 71) Same, frontal view showing orangish profemoral pads.
Figures 25–32 in New species of the Scarabaeus subgenus Scarabaeolus Balthasar, with a review of the subgenus (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Scarabaeini)
Figures 25–32. Scarabaeus (Scarabaeolus) spp. 25–28) Scarabaeus (Scarabaeolus) fragilis sp. n., HTf, 12.5 mm. 25) Dorsal habitus. 26) Ventral habitus. 27) Head leveled horizontal. 28) Locality label. 29–32) Scarabaeus (Scarabaeolus) rugosipennis sp. n., HT, 12.5 mm. 29) Dorsal habitus. 30) Ventral habitus. 31) Head leveled horizontal. 32) Locality label.
Fig. 5 in Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Fig. 5. Sclerites of the internal sac of Canthon (G.) smaragdulus subviridis Schmidt, 1922 stat. rev. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
Fig. 8 in Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Fig. 8. Distribution map for subspecies of Goniocanthon: C. (G.) fulgidus martinezi subsp. nov. (green triangle); C. (G.) fulgidus pereirai subsp. nov. (red triangle); C. (G.) fulgidus fulgidus Redtenbacher, 1868 (yellow triangle); C. (G.) smaragdulus subviridis Schmidt, 1922 stat. rev. (green circle); C. (G.) smaragdulus smaragdulus (Fabricius, 1781) (blue circle) and C. bicolor Castelnau, 1840 (brown square).
Fig. 9 in Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Fig. 9. Sclerites of the internal sac of Canthon (G.) bicolor Castelnau, 1840. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
Fig. 1. A–C, G–H in Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Fig. 1. A–C, G–H. Canthon (G.) smaragdulus smaragdulus (Fabricius, 1781). – D–F, I–J. Canthon (G.) fulgidus fulgidus Redtenbacher, 1868. A, D. Ventral surface of meso- and metafemora. B, E. Metasternal anterior lobe convex. C, F. Dorsal view showing convex pygidium. G, I. Paramera lateral view. H, J. Paramera dorsal view. Scale bar: 2.0 mm.
Fig. 7 in Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Fig. 7. Sclerites of the internal sac of Canthon (G.) fulgidus martinezi subsp. nov. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.