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21 results for “Sceptrulophora”
FIGURE 5 in A new species of glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora: Uncinateridae) from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules. A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora: Uncinateridae) from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 6. Maximum-likelihood tree based on concatenated data of COI and 16S. Scep. inc. sed., Sceptrulophora incertae sedis; Hexa. inc. sed., Hexasterophora incertae sedis.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora: Uncinateridae) from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora: Uncinateridae) from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3).
FIGURE 3 in A new species of glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora: Uncinateridae) from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora: Uncinateridae) from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle.
Figure 15 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 15. Evolution of sceptrules, with two alternative scenarios for the origin of aspidoscopules. The trees are based on the phylogeny shown in Figure 2, reduced to genus level, and nodes with <70% bootstrap support collapsed. The two farreid genera not sampled here, Claviscopulia and Asceptrulum, are shown with dotted lines in their predicted position (polytomies indicate uncertainty of exact placement within Farreidae). Sceptrule types of terminal taxa, inferred sceptrule types at internal nodes, and inferred character state transitions along branches are shown. Left scenario: the stem species of Farreidae possessed regular scopules, which evolved into aspidoscopules in the stem species of Aspidoscopulia (i.e. aspidoscopules are an autapomorphy of Aspidoscopulia). Right scenario: alternatively, aspidoscopules might already have evolved from regular scopules in the stem lineage of Farreidae and were subsequently lost or transformed in all farreid genera except Aspidoscopulia (i.e. aspidoscopules are a plesiomorphy of Aspidoscopulia). Crosses indicate spicule loss (all sceptrules in the case of Asceptrulum); asterisks indicate spicule loss within genera (aspidoscopules in Aspidoscopulia ospreya sp. nov. and clavules in Lonchiphora antarctica). See text for further discussion.
Figure 13. Psilocalyx wilsoni, skeleton. A in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 13. Psilocalyx wilsoni, skeleton. A, lophodiscohexaster (scale bar = 10 Mm). B, scopule head (scale bar = 15 Mm). C, hexasters and scopule within the dictyonal skeleton. D, dictyonal framework, transition to the thickened dermal layer (scale bar = 300 Mm). E, dermal dictyonal (hypersilicified) cortex layer (scale bar = 100 Mm).
Figure 12 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 12. Psilocalyx wilsoni, live photograph taken by the remotely operated vehicle 'Cherokee' (http://www.marum. de). Approximate size of specimen in the middle: 100 mm.
Figure 11 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 11. Aspidoscopulia ospreya sp. nov., spicules. A, anchorate clavule. B, surface pentactin. C, discohexaster.
Figure 8 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 8. Aspidoscopulia australia sp. nov., spicules. A, aspidoscopule. Left, head and neck of specimen with lateral spine; right, detail of specimen without spines. B, pileate clavule. C, anchorate clavule. D, discohexaster. E, oxyhexaster.
Figure 6 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 6. Aspidoscopulia australia sp. nov., live photograph taken by the remotely operated vehicle 'Cherokee' (http://www.marum.de). Only the specimen on the right was collected (see supporting movie M1). Approximate size of specimen: 0.50 m.
Figure 9 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 9. Aspidoscopulia ospreya sp. nov., live photograph taken by the remotely operated vehicle 'Cherokee' (http://www.marum.de). Approximate size of specimen: 0.70 m.
Figure 2 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Sceptrulophora inferred from combined 18S, 28S, 16S, and COI sequences. Previously unsampled species are highlighted in bold. Bootstrap percentages (based on 1000 pseudoreplicates) are given at nodes. Scale bar indicates number of expected substitutions per site. See Material and methods for further details.
Figure 7 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 7. Aspidoscopulia australia sp. nov., skeleton. A, head of aspidoscopule (scale bar = 10 Mm). B–C, anchorate clavules (B, scale bar = 50 Mm; C, scale bar = 10 Mm). D, pileate clavule (scale bar = 30 Mm) and clavule head (inset; scale bar = 5 Mm). E, disco- and oxyhexaster (scale bar = 30 Mm). F, discohexaster (scale bar = 10 Mm). G, dictyonal framework (scale bar = 300 Mm). H–I, aspidoscopule with lateral spines (H, scale bar = 30 Mm; I, scale bar = 10 Mm). J, surface pentactin (scale bar = 100 Mm).
Figure 1. Sceptrules. A in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 1. Sceptrules. A, regular scopule (from Heterochone sp.). B, regular (pileate) clavule from Farrea sp. (courtesy H. M. Reiswig). C–D, unusual sceptrule types. C, from left to right: sarule (left: Sarostegia, right: Claviscopulia), lonchiole (Lonchiphora; interpreted from text-description), aspidoscopule (Aspidoscopulia). Redrawn from Reiswig (2002b); D, two types of lonchioles from Lonchiphora antarctica (Göcke & Janussen, 2011).
Figure 4. Sarostegia oculata, skeleton. A-B in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 4. Sarostegia oculata, skeleton. A-B, sarules (A, scale bar = 30 Mm; B, scale bar = 50 Mm). C, dictyonal framework (scale bar = 150 Mm). D–E, discohexasters (scale bars = 10 Mm). F, oxyhexaster (scale bar = 10 Mm).
Figure 3 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 3. Sarostegia oculata. Piece of the original specimen described herein seen from both sides. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Figure 10 in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 10. Aspidoscopulia ospreya sp. nov., skeleton. A-B, anchorate clavules (scale bars = 25 Mm). C, discohexasters (scale bar = 30 Mm). D, surface pentactin (scale bar = 100 Mm). E, oxyhexaster (scale bar = 30 Mm). F, dictyonal framework (scale bar = 300 Mm).
Figure 14. Psilocalyx wilsoni, spicules. A, uncinate. B, scopule. C in Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
Figure 14. Psilocalyx wilsoni, spicules. A, uncinate. B, scopule. C, lophodiscohexaster.
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