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FIGURE 8 in Telopathes magna gen. nov., spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) from deep waters off Atlantic Canada and the first molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea family Schizopathidae

FIGURE 8. Excerpt of a neighbour-joining tree from Jordan (2008), constructed using Kimura calculated distances obtained from the rDNA ITS region of the nuclear genome. Telopathes magna groups sister to the schizopathid Bathypathes sp. Specimens sequenced in that study are highlighted. Outgroups: the corallimorpharian Corynactis californica and zoanthid Palythoa variabilis.

FIGURE 6 in Telopathes magna gen. nov., spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) from deep waters off Atlantic Canada and the first molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea family Schizopathidae

FIGURE 6. Photographs of paratype colonies. (A) in situ photograph of paratype from Balanus Seamount; same growth form as holotype. (B) in situ photograph of paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak; juvenile colony, with secondary branch indicated (arrow). (C) Fragment of Caloosahatchee paratype showing anterolateral pinnule arrangement. Scale 1 cm. (D) in situ photograph of paratype from Rehoboth Seamount; large colony with extensive branching.

FIGURE 5 in Telopathes magna gen. nov., spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) from deep waters off Atlantic Canada and the first molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea family Schizopathidae

FIGURE 5. Spines on pinnules of holotype. (A) Longitudinal rows of spines, indicating section of a row lacking spines (arrow); (B–C) Close-up of regular spines and paired spines, respectively. Scale: A, 500 µm; B–C, 100 µm.

FIGURE 7 in Telopathes magna gen. nov., spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) from deep waters off Atlantic Canada and the first molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea family Schizopathidae

FIGURE 7. Spines on branches and pinnules of paratypes. (A) Paratype from Balanus Seamount with spine morphology identical to the holotype. (B) Paratype from Rehoboth Seamount showing bent tip (arrow). (C) Paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak showing larger polypar spines. Scale 100 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Telopathes magna gen. nov., spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) from deep waters off Atlantic Canada and the first molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea family Schizopathidae

FIGURE 3. (A–E) Fragment collected from Telopathes magna colony. (A) Actual fragment. (B) Overlain line drawing of A; 1° = primary branch, 2° = secondary branch. (C–D) Close-up of secondary branches, showing bend and abnormal pinnule; Be = bend, AP = abnormal pinnule. (C) Actual fragment. (D) Overlain line drawing of C. (E) Angle between opposite pairs of pinnules. (F) in situ close-up showing live polyps. Scale: A–D, F, 5 cm (F is approximate); E, 1 cm.

FIGURE 2 in Telopathes magna gen. nov., spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) from deep waters off Atlantic Canada and the first molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea family Schizopathidae

FIGURE 2. Telopathes magna (A) in situ photograph of colony, side view, showing vertical branching pattern or first plane. (B) in situ photograph of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern or second plane. (C–D) Line drawings of A and B, respectively, showing branching pattern; Ba = base of the colony, 1° = primary branch, 2° = secondary branch. (E) in situ video frame grab of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern in second plane (indicated by arrow). (F) Line drawing of cross section of corallum, showing two primary branches in two planes. Scale 10 cm.

FIGURE 1 in Telopathes magna gen. nov., spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) from deep waters off Atlantic Canada and the first molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea family Schizopathidae

FIGURE 1. Map of Atlantic Canada and north-eastern United States showing site where holotype was sampled (diamond) at the mouth of the Laurentian Channel (44.428098, -57.173328). Also indicated (circles) are the locations of paratypes from New England and Corner Rise Seamounts: Bear Seamount (39.88333, -67.46666), Balanus Seamount (39.35608, -65.35958), Rehoboth Seamount (37.46066, -59.95133), Retriever Seamount (39.80965, -66.24922), Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne- Edwards Peak (34.8123, -50.5038). Scale 500 km.

FIGURE 9. A in Telopathes magna gen. nov., spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) from deep waters off Atlantic Canada and the first molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea family Schizopathidae

FIGURE 9. A phylogenetic reconstruction of the Schizopathidae (containing nine of the 11 currently-recognized genera) based on a concatenation of three non-contiguous mitochondrial segments that included 1933 sites for 13 taxa (outgroups: the cladopathids C. formosa and T. pseudotristicha). Node support: Bayesian posterior probabilities are listed before maximum likelihood bootstrap support values (based on 1000 replicates). For the MrBayes analysis, the average standard deviation of split frequencies at 20 million generations was 0.000817.

FIGURE 8 in Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. and Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov., two black corals (Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from seamounts in the Western Pacific

FIGURE 8. Bayesian inference (BI) tree inferred from the ITS-COI-NAD2-NAD5 sequences of Schizopathidae and Cladopathidae. The Maximum likelihood (ML) tree is identical with the BI tree in topology. Node support is as follows: ML bootstrap / BI posterior probability. Newly sequenced species are in bold. The GenBank accession numbers of the ITS sequences were listed next to the species names.

FIGURE 2 in Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. and Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov., two black corals (Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from seamounts in the Western Pacific

FIGURE 2. The external morphology of Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. A. The holotype in situ. Laser dots were spaced at 33 cm for measuring dimension. B, C. The holotype after collection in different view. D. Arrow points indicate the prominent spines on pinnules. Scale bar: 10 cm (B); 5 cm (C).

FIGURE 3 in Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. and Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov., two black corals (Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from seamounts in the Western Pacific

FIGURE 3. Variation of left and right pinnule length (holotype) from the lower section of stem to the upper section, viewing from the polypar side.

FIGURE 7 in Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. and Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov., two black corals (Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from seamounts in the Western Pacific

FIGURE 7. Spines of the holotype of Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov. under SEM. A, B. Spines on the middle part of pinnules. C. Spines on the distal part of pinnules. D. Spines on the middle part of pinnulated stem. E. An abpolypar spine with the measured minimum height of 0.024 mm. F. An abpolypar spine with the height of 0.030 mm. G. A polypar spine with the measured maximum height of 0.056 mm. H. A polypar spine with the height of 0.047 mm. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–D in the same scale); 0.1 mm (E‒H in the same scale).

FIGURE 1 in Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. and Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov., two black corals (Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from seamounts in the Western Pacific

FIGURE 1. Map of sampling seamounts, the Kocebu Guyot and two seamounts (M5 and M7) in the tropical Western Pacific.

FIGURE 5 in Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. and Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov., two black corals (Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from seamounts in the Western Pacific

FIGURE 5. The spines on stem of Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. A. Spines on the lower part of stem. B, D, E. Spines on the middle part of stem. C. Spines on the upper part of stem. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–C in the same scale); 0.1 mm (D, E in the same scale).

FIGURE 6 in Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. and Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov., two black corals (Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from seamounts in the Western Pacific

FIGURE 6. External morphology of Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov. The holotype MBM286468 (A, E) and paratype specimens MBM286469 (B), MBM2864670 (C, F), and MBM286471 (D, G) in situ (A–D) and after collection (E–G). Two laser dots spaced at 33 cm (A–D). Scale bars: 10 cm (E–G in the same scale).

FIGURE 4 in Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. and Bathypathes longicaulis sp. nov., two black corals (Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from seamounts in the Western Pacific

FIGURE 4. The spines on pinnules of Alternatipathes longispina sp. nov. A, B. Spines on the middle part of pinnules. C, D. Spines on the distal part of pinnules. E. An abpolypar spine with the measured minimum height of 0.04 mm. F. A polypar spine with the measured maximum height of 0.58 mm. G. An abpolypar spine with the height of 0.08 mm. H. A polypar spine with the height of 0.45 mm. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–D in the same scale); 0.1 mm (E, G in the same scale) 0.2 mm (F, H in the same scale).

FIGURE 4 in New genus and species of black coral from the SW Pacific and Antarctica (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae)

FIGURE 4. Diplopathes gen. nov. multipinnata sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 88617: A. corallum; B. sections of pinnules showing spines (B from schizoholotype, USNM 1491425, SEM stub 457). The larger projections on the right side of the pinnules are the polypar spines.

FIGURE 6. A in New genus and species of black coral from the SW Pacific and Antarctica (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae)

FIGURE 6. A maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic tree of the family Schizopathidae based on mitochondrial cox3-cox1 sequence data (the topology of the tree outside of the Schizopathidae was the same as that presented in Figure 5 of Brugler et al., 2013). Node support is based on 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Specimen numbers not beginning with NIWA or USNM are internal codes assigned by Dr. Scott France at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, where the specimens are currently curated.

FIGURE 3 in New genus and species of black coral from the SW Pacific and Antarctica (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae)

FIGURE 3. Diplopathes antarctica, gen. nov., sp. nov., paratype, NIWA 38674: A. corallum; B. polyps; C. sections of pinnules showing spines (B and C from schizoparatype, USNM 1491421, SEM stub 456). The larger projections on the right side of the pinnules are the polypar spines.

FIGURE 5 in New genus and species of black coral from the SW Pacific and Antarctica (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae)

FIGURE 5. Diplopathes gen. nov. tuatoruensis sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 16055: A. corallum; B. polyps; C. sections of pinnules showing spines (B and C from schizoholotype, USNM SEM stub 295). The larger projections on the right side of the pinnules are the polypar spines.