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Fig. 12 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 12. Present-day distributional records of Biastes projected on a global map with reconstructed continental boundaries of the mid Miocene. Shown is a polar projection centered on the Geographic North Pole. During this time peri od, large parts of the present-day Bering and Chukchi seas were likely above sea level, forming a continuous land bridge between the Nearctic and the Palearctic. Locality records are taken from the Discover Life database (Ascher and Pickering 2020) and own databasing efforts. Selected entries were further taken from GBIF (2019). Note that certain Far Eastern records are regional centroids and do not represent exact collection localities.

Fig. 11 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 11. Morphological differences between species of Schwarzia. (A) Mesosoma of S. gretae in lateral view (♀, paratype). Left arrow points to the produced, lamellate axilla. Right arrow points to the produced, dorsally protruding metanotum. (B) Posterior dorsolateral view of S. icipensis (♀, paratype).The axillae are not produced or lamellate. Scale bars show 1 mm.

Fig. 8 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 8. Male paratype of Schwarzia icipensis sp. nov. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Habitus, frontal view. (C) Habitus, lateral view. (D) Label information as deposited with the paratype. (E) Details ofT7. Scale bars show 1 mm.

Fig. 10 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 10. Characteristic morphological features of different species of Schwarzia. (A) Head of female S. emmae, anterior dorsolateral view.The upper two arrows point to granulose protrusions on the supra-antennal area, the lower arrow points to the indented inner margin of the compound eye. (B) Female paratype of S. gretae in same view.The supra-antennal area is evenly punctate and the inner margin of the compound eye is not indented. (C) Details ofT1–T2 of S. icipensis (♀, paratype). (D) Details ofT1–T2 of S. gretae (♀, paratype). Scale bars show 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 7. Female holotype of Schwarzia icipensis sp. nov. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Habitus, frontal view. Arrow points to region of supra-antennal area with slightly less dense punctation than surroundings. (C) Habitus, lateral view. (D) Details ofT4–T5. (E) Label information as deposited with the holotype. Scale bars show 1 mm.

Fig. 9 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 9. Male holotype of Schwarzia lualenyiensis sp. nov. (A) Habitus, lateral view. (B) Habitus, frontal view. (C) Habitus, dorsal view. (D) Details of T7. (E) Label information as deposited with the holotype. Scale bars show 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 6. Male paratype of Schwarzia gretae sp. nov. (A) Habitus, lateral view. Left arrow points to the lamellate axilla. Right arrow points to the produced, dorsally protruding metanotum. (B) Habitus, frontal view. Arrows point to produced ridges along the mesoscutellar line. (C) Habitus, dorsal view. (D) Details ofT6–T7. (E) Label information as deposited with the paratype. Scale bars show 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 5. Female holotype of Schwarzia gretae sp. nov. (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Habitus, frontal view. (C) Habitus, lateral view. (D) Label information as deposited with the holotype. (E) Details ofT4–T5. Scale bars show 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 4. Habitat photographs of Schwarzia collecting sites in Kenya.(A) Ukasi Hill, November 2011.Specimens of S. elizabethae and paratypes of S.gretae and S. icipensis were collected in the area during this month. (B) Ukasi Hill, April 2018.The holotype and paratypes of S. gretae were collected near the Hill in April and May. Pictured from left to right are field worker Ken Katinga Ngalu, technical assistant Josephat Bukhebi, technician Joseph Gitau Ndungu, and field worker Richard Maithyia Munyao. (C) Mulu Musingila's farm in Kitui Co. nearTsavo East National Park. Standing next to the trap is farm owner and field worker Mulu Musingila. Schwarzia elizabethae and S. emmae were collected on the farm in a Malaise trap (December 2016). (D) Sosoma area, April 2018. Habitat of S. emma. Pictured from left to right are field worker Richard Maithyia Munyao.Technician Joseph Gitau Ndungu,Technical assistant Josephat Bukhebi and field worker Mung'atu Kimanzi Mwanzau.

Fig. 1 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 1. Fossil-calibrated chronogram of Neolarrini in the new sense (including Biastes, Neolarra, Rhopalolemma, Townsendiella and Schwarzia) based on 773 ultraconserved elements. Pie charts show possible ancestral ranges. Individual slices are scaled according to their probability as calculated through BioGeoBEARS. Bootstrap support (BS) values and posterior probabilities are omitted but correspond to 100 and 1.0 for all nodes, except for the branching of Oreopasites which has a lower BS value.Asterisks (*) indicate newly described species. Stem and crown ages of host taxa along the timeline on the left are taken from Cardinal et al. (2018). Scale bars next to specimen photographs indicate 2 mm length.

Fig. 2 in Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) With Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia

Fig. 2. Summary of phylogenetic relationships of Neolarrini with all described species, except for Neolarra. Solid lines show relationships estimated with molecular data and placements with dashed lines are derived from morphology or taxonomic information. Mapped diagnostic characters are listed in Table 3. Larval morphological characters are indicated by a gray background. Information on bee and floral hosts is taken from various sources (Michener 1936,Torchio et al. 1967, Krombein et al. 1979, Warncke 1981, Warncke 1982, Janzon and Svensson 1984, Westrich 1990, Rozen and McGinley 1991, Rozen et al. 1997, Bogusch 2003, Proshchalykin and Lelej 2004, Rozen et al. 2009, Orr and Griswold 2015, Scheuchl and Willner 2016, Westrich 2018). The higher classification of plants follows the APG IV system (The Angiosperm Phylogeny group 2016). Warncke (1982) also lists Systropha curvicornis and S. planidens as hosts of Biastes emarginatus but the source for this information is unclear and has been doubted by other authors (Westrich 2018). No host information is available for Schwarzia and species for which boxes are gray. Asterisks (*) indicate newly described species.

Figure 7 from: Bossert S (2019) Monotypic no more – a new species of the unusual genus Schwarzia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Biastini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 69: 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.69.32966

Figure 7 Comparison of modified apical terga of different female BiastiniABiastesbrevicornisBNeopasitesfulviventrisCSchwarziaemmae. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 5 from: Bossert S (2019) Monotypic no more – a new species of the unusual genus Schwarzia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Biastini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 69: 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.69.32966

Figure 5 Distribution map of Schwarzia, including the reported localities from Eardley (2009). Shown are selected towns near the collection localities.

Figure 6 from: Bossert S (2019) Monotypic no more – a new species of the unusual genus Schwarzia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Biastini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 69: 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.69.32966

Figure 6 Schwarziaemmae Eardley, 2009, male A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view. Dotted line highlights the paired protrusions on the frontal area, which are noticeably more finely pitted than the surround areas C habitus, lateral view D head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 4 from: Bossert S (2019) Monotypic no more – a new species of the unusual genus Schwarzia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Biastini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 69: 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.69.32966

Figure 4 Comparison of selected diagnostic characteristics of females of Schwarziaelizabethae Bossert, sp. n. (left column: A, C, E) vs. S.emmae Eardley, 2009 (right column: B, D, F) A–B discs of T1 and T2 C–D head characteristics in lateral view. Arrows point to finely pitted protrusions on frontal area of S.emmae and to the intended inner margin of the compound eye E–F details of T5. Arrows point to the differently curved median area of the disc.

Figure 3 from: Bossert S (2019) Monotypic no more – a new species of the unusual genus Schwarzia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Biastini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 69: 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.69.32966

Figure 3 Schwarziaelizabethae Bossert, sp. n., paratype, female A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C habitus, lateral view D head, dorsal view E tergum 5 F label information as deposited with the only female paratype. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 2 from: Bossert S (2019) Monotypic no more – a new species of the unusual genus Schwarzia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Biastini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 69: 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.69.32966

Figure 2 Comparison of selected diagnostic characteristics of males of Schwarziaelizabethae Bossert, sp. n. (left column: A, C, E, G) vs. S.emmae Eardley, 2009 (right column: B, D, F, H) A–B discs of T1 and T2 C–D head characteristics in lateral view. Arrows point to finely pitted protrusions on frontal area of S.emmae and to the intended inner margin of the compound eye E–F antennae G–H tegulae.

Figure 1 from: Bossert S (2019) Monotypic no more – a new species of the unusual genus Schwarzia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Biastini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 69: 23-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.69.32966

Figure 1 Schwarziaelizabethae Bossert, sp. n., holotype, male A habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C habitus, lateral view D head, dorsal view E tergum 7 with pygidial plate and genital capsule F label information as deposited with the holotype. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.