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26 results for “Scolopax”
Labelled acoustic dataset of roding Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola)
<p>This dataset contains manually labelled audio data of roding Eurasian Woodcock (<em>Scolopax rusticola</em>). </p> <h2><strong>Description</strong></h2> <p>Bioacoustic surveys of roding Eurasian Woodcock were conducted in Baden-Württemberg, Germany in May and June in 2020 and 2021. The audio data of this collection was used for the evaluation of BirdNET as a means for the automated analysis of large quantities of audio data. The original dataset consisted of 12.236 minutes of recording, which were reviewed manually. Each call element of a male roding Woodcock (i.e. croak, whistle, chasing male) was annotated. Individual call elements were subsequently clustered into so called roding events, which are ecologically more meaningful. BirdNET was then tested against this manually labelled dataset.</p> <p>The dataset uploaded to zenodo contains:</p> <ul> <li>audio data of 2545 woodcock call element selections with a duration of 145 minutes</li> <li>audio data of 782 aggregated woodcock roding events with a duration of 115 minutes </li> <li>selection tables for call elements and roding events</li> <li>associated metadata</li> </ul> <p>Audio information in between roding events (i.e. non woodcock audio) ist not included due to data privacy reasons (see below). </p> <h3>Selections</h3> <p>Woodcock call elements were manually selected/annotated in Raven Pro with bounding boxes. For this dataset, all selections with a duration of less than 3 seconds were extended symmetrically until 3 seconds were reached. This may result in overlapping selections in the case of croaks that are directly followed by a whistle. Signals at the beginning or end of these selections may thus be included twice.</p> <h3>Roding events</h3> <p>A roding event was defined as a continuous series of Woodcock call elements with a maximum gap of six seconds between consecutive elements. Each event can be interpreted as a roding bird that passes by the recording location, similar to a typical woodcock roding survey conducted by a human observer. Roding events were not created with the extended 3 seconds clips described above, but with the original bounding box selections drawn in Raven Pro.</p> <h3>Audio files</h3> <ul> <li>selections.zip: each wav-file contains a single selections. Filenames correspond to the column selec in the table <em>selections.csv</em></li> <li>events.zip: each wav-file contains a single roding event, typically consisting of multiple call elements (croaks and/or whistles). In the case of faint signals of distant birds, roding events may consist of a single call element only. Filenames correspond to the column <em>event.id</em> in the table<em> events.csv</em>.</li> </ul> <h2><strong>Data collection</strong></h2> <p>All wav-files in this dataset originate from audio files that were recorded with autonomous recording units of the type AudioMoth. ARUs were housed in custom made waterproof casings (See details and files for 3D-printing: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:6428228). ARUs were programmed to record continuously for 2 hours during dusk and were placed at edges of forest clearings. The devices were mounted to tree trunks at a height of approximately 1.5m above ground. </p> <h2><strong>Metadata files</strong></h2> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>filename</strong></td> <td><strong>content</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>sites.csv</td> <td> <p>contains locations of the recording sites. Since exact recording locations can not be made public, only recording sites (= cells of the 1km² UTM-grid) are provided. CRS: EPSG - 25832, ETRS89 / UTM 32N </p> <p>Data source of the underlying ETRS89 UTM 32N grid: https://gdz.bkg.bund.de/index.php/default/digitale-geodaten/nicht-administrative-gebietseinheiten/geographische-gitter-fur-deutschland-in-utm-projektion-geogitter-national.html</p> <p><strong>columns</strong></p> <p>site.id = unique id of recording sites,</p> <p>cellcode = official cellcode of the 1km²-UTM-grid</p> <p>elevation = mean elevation a.s.l.</p> <p>x.centroid = x-coordinate of centroid (EPSG: 25832)</p> <p>y.centroid = y-coordinate of centroid (EPSG: 25832)</p> <p>wkt.geometry = polygon geometry of the grid cell</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>arus.csv</td> <td> <p>metadata of the recording hardware</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>columns</strong></p> <p>aru.id = unique id of recording device</p> <p>type = recorder type</p> <p>manufacturer = manufacturer of recording hardware</p> <p>hardware.version = hardware version of the recording device</p> <p>acquisition.date = date the device was purchased (for reasons of microphone degradation)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>deploys.csv</td> <td> <p>information on recorder deployment, includes aru settings, location, recording times </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>columns</strong></p> <p>deploy.id = unique id of recorder deployment</p> <p>aru.id = unique id of deployed aru</p> <p>start.date = date the aru was deployed in the field (YYYY-MM-DD)</p> <p>end.date = date the aru was collected (YYYY-MM-DD)</p> <p>firmware = firmware version used in this deployment</p> <p>rec.periods = number of daily recording periods (corresponds to start.rec1, start.rec2 ...)</p> <p>sample.rate = sample rate in kHz</p> <p>gain = gain setting</p> <p>sleep.duration = duration off stand-by phases in seconds, when set on a sleep/record-cycle</p> <p>rec.duration = duration of each recording in seconds, when set on a sleep/record-cycle</p> <p>start.rec1 = start of first recording period (UTC, hh:mm:ss)</p> <p>end.rec1 = end of first recording period (UTC, hh:mm:ss)</p> <p>start.rec2 = start of secondrecording period (UTC, hh:mm:ss)</p> <p>end.rec2 = end of second recording period (UTC, hh:mm:ss)</p> <p>site.id = unique id of recording site</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>recordings.csv</td> <td> <p>metadata of the audio files from which the roding events originate</p> <p> </p> <p> <strong>columns</strong></p> <p>recording.id = unique id of the recording</p> <p>deploy.id = unique id of aru deployment, during which the recording was made</p> <p>date = date on which the recording was made (YYYY-MM-DD)</p> <p>time = time of day at which the recording started (UTC, hh:mm:ss)</p> <p>duration = duration in seconds</p> <p>sampler.rate = sample rate in kHz</p> <p>channels = number of channels</p> <p>bits = bit depth</p> <p>samples = number of audio samples</p> <p>gain = gain setting of the aru</p> <p>voltage = battery voltage of the aru during recording</p> <p>temperature = ambient temperature during recording </p> <p>reviewer = anonymous id of staff who reviewed the file and annotated calls</p> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>selections.csv</td> <td> <p>manually labelled woodcock call elements (i.e. croaks, whistles, chases). Short selections were extended to 3 seconds by symmetrically adding time before and after the original selection. In the format of raven pro selection tables.</p> <p> </p> <p> <strong>columns</strong></p> <p>selec = unique id of the selection. Corresponds to the filename of the wav-files in the archive <em>selections.zip</em></p> <p><em>deploy.id = unique id of the aru deployment during which the roding event was recorded</em></p> <p>channel = audio channel</p> <p>start = start of the event in seconds from the start of the recording</p> <p>end = end of the event in seconds from the start of the recording</p> <p>bottom.freq = bottom frequency of the annotation bounding box</p> <p>top.frequency = top frequency of the annotation bounding box</p> <p>species.code = species code as used by BirdNET</p> <p>common.name = English common name as used by BirdNET</p> <p>annotation = contains annotations of call elements that are pooled in the roding event. Thus typcally equal to the number of annotated call element </p> <p>recording.id = id of the recording this roding eventoriginates from</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>events.csv</td> <td> <p>aggregated roding events consisting of contiuous sequences of manually labelled call elements. In the format of raven pro selection tables</p> <p> </p> <p> <strong>columns</strong></p> <p>event.id = unique id of roding event. Corresponds to the filename of the wav-files in the archive <em>events.zip </em></p> <p>channel = audio channel</p> <p>start = start of the event in seconds from the start of the recording</p> <p>end = end of the event in seconds from the start of the recording</p> <p>bottom.freq = bottom frequency of the annotation bounding box</p> <p>top.frequency = top frequency of the annotation bounding box</p> <p>species.code = species code as used by BirdNET</p> <p>common.name = English common name as used by BirdNET</p> <p>annotation = contains annotations of call elements that are pooled in the roding event. Thus typcally equal to the number of annotated call element </p> <p>recording.id = id of the recording this roding eventoriginates from</p> <p>deploy.id = unique id of the aru deployment during which the roding event was recorded</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>removed_audio_files.txt</td> <td>selection ids and event ids of audio files that were deleted because they included voices. Their metadata is still included in the files described above</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <h2><strong>Data privacy</strong></h2> <p>Selections and roding events were checked for human voices and audio information was removed, in case it contained any. Audio segments that did not contain woodcock calls were not completely checked for human voices and can thus not be made available.</p>
Figs. 13–16 in Drasteria scolopax (Alphéraky, 1892) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): New data on its range and ecology with description of a new subspecies
Figs. 13–16. Genitalia of Drasteria scolopax (Alphéraky, 1892): 13 — D. scolopax scolopax, lectotype, male, Gumansu; 14 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, paratype, male, Kaltabulak, 19.07.2023; 15 — D. scolopax scolopax, paralectotype, female, Gumansu; 16 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, holotype, female, Kaltabulak, 19.07.2023. Photos 14, 16 — by S. K. Korb, 13, 15 — by A. Yu. Matov Рис. 13–16. ГенитаΛии Drasteria scolopax (Alphéraky, 1892): 13 — D. scolopax scolopax, Λектотип, самец, Гумансу; 14 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, паратип, самец, КаΛтабуΛак, 19.07.2023; 15 — D. scolopax scolopax, параΛектотип, самка, Гумансу; 16 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, гоΛотип, самка, КаΛтабуΛак, 19.07.2023. Фото: 14, 16 — С. К. Корб, 13, 15 — А. Ю. Матов
Figs. 1–12 in Drasteria scolopax (Alphéraky, 1892) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): New data on its range and ecology with description of a new subspecies
Figs. 1–12. Drasteria scolopax (Alphéraky, 1892), habitus: 1–2 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, holotype, female, Kaltabulak, 19.07.2023; 3–4 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, paratype, female, Kaltabulak, 19.07.2023; 5–6 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, paratype, male, Kaltabulak, 19.07.2023; 7–9 — D. scolopax scolopax, lectotype, male, Gumansu; 10 — D. scolopax scolopax, paralectotype, female, Gumansu; 11–12 — D. scolopax scolopax, males, Altyntag. Photos 1–6 — by S. K. Korb, 7–12 — by A. Yu. Matov Рис. 1–12. Drasteria scolopax (Alphéraky, 1892), габитус: 1–2 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, гоΛотип, самка, КаΛтабуΛак, 19.07.2023; 3–4 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, паратип, самка, КаΛтабуΛак, 19.07.2023; 5–6 — D. scolopax gilmanovi, паратип, самец, КаΛтабуΛак, 19.07.2023; 7–9 — D. scolopax scolopax, Λектотип, самец, Гумансу; 10 — D. scolopax scolopax, параΛектотип, самка, Гумансу; 11–12 — D. scolopax scolopax, самцы, АΛтынтаг. Фотографии 1–6 — С. К. Корб; 7–12 — А. Ю. Матов
Figs. 17–18 in Drasteria scolopax (Alphéraky, 1892) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): New data on its range and ecology with description of a new subspecies
Figs. 17–18. Drasteria scolopax (Alphéraky, 1892), habitats: 17 — Transalai Mts., Kaltabulak stream; 18 — Alai Mts., Koksu River valley. Photos by P. Y. Gorbunov Рис. 17–18. Drasteria scolopax (Alphéraky, 1892), местообитания: 17 — ЗааΛайский хребет, ручей КаΛтабуΛак; 18 — АΛайский хребет, ΔоΛина реки Коксу. Фотографии П. Ю. Горбунова
Camera trap image of Scolopax rusticola (2018-03-18T15:25:58Z)
Camera Trap Image taken in <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Camera trap image of Scolopax rusticola (2018-02-28T15:37:00Z)
Camera Trap Image taken in <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Low migratory flight altitudes may explain increased collision risk for Scolopax minor (American Woodcock)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Woodcock (Aves: Scolopacidae: Scolopax) from Hispaniola, West Indies
FIGURE 5. The tarsometatarsus of Scolopax in plantar (upper) and acrotarsial (lower) aspects. A–F. S. brachycarpa, new species, UF 275482, 276036, 275872, 276025, 275958, 276304. G. S. minor ♂, UF 41931. H. S. rusticola ♂, UF 24715 (PB 24825). Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Woodcock (Aves: Scolopacidae: Scolopax) from Hispaniola, West Indies
FIGURE 4. The femur (A–D) in anterior (upper) and posterior (lower) aspects and the tibiotarsus in anterior aspect (E–G) of Scolopax. A, B. S. brachycarpa, new species, UF 276032, 275988. C. S. minor ♂, UF 41931. D. S. rusticola, UF 24715 (PB 24825). E. S. brachycarpa, new species, UF 276032. F. S. minor ♂, UF 41931. G. S. rusticola ♂, UF 24715 (PB 24825). Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Woodcock (Aves: Scolopacidae: Scolopax) from Hispaniola, West Indies
FIGURE 3. The mandible of Scolopax in medial (left) and lateral (right) aspects. A. S. brachycarpa, new species, UF 276343. B. S. minor sex unknown, UF 17078. C. S. rusticola ♀, UF 19574. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Woodcock (Aves: Scolopacidae: Scolopax) from Hispaniola, West Indies
FIGURE 1. The West Indies (A), with an inset of Hispaniola (B) showing the location of Trouing Jean Paul, the type locality of Scolopax brachycarpa.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Woodcock (Aves: Scolopacidae: Scolopax) from Hispaniola, West Indies
FIGURE 2. The humerus in anconal aspect (A–E), ulna in ventral aspect (F–J), carpometacarpus in ventral aspect (K–O), and coracoid in dorsal aspect (P–T) of Scolopax. S. brachycarpa, new species—A. UF 276311, B. UF 276018, C. UF 276022, F. UF 276030, G. UF 275954, H. UF 275878, K. UF 275885, L. UF 276038 (holotype), M. UF 275943, P. UF 275886, Q. UF 275940, R. UF 275938; S. minor ♂—D, I, N, S. UF 41931; S. rusticola ♂, E, J, O, T. UF 24715 (PB 24825). Scale bars = 10 mm.
Scolopax rusticola SPAdes preassembly
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Scolopax bukidnonensis SPAdes preassembly
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Scolopax minor decontaminated FSCR
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Scolopax rusticola decontaminated FSCR
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Scolopax bukidnonensis decontaminated FSCR
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Scolopax bukidnonensis decontaminated gx
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Scolopax minor decontaminated gx
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Data from: Extremely fast feeding strikes are powered by elastic recoil in a seahorse relative, the snipefish, Macroramphosus scolopax
Among over 30,000 species of ray-finned fishes, seahorses and pipefishes have a unique feeding mechanism whereby the elastic recoil of tendons allows them to rotate their long snouts extremely rapidly in order to capture small elusive prey. To understand the evolutionary origins of this feeding mechanism, its phylogenetic distribution among closely related lineages must be assessed. We present evidence for elastic recoil powered feeding in the snipefish (Macroramphosus scolopax) from kinematics, dynamics, and morphology. High-speed videos of strikes show they achieve extremely fast head and hyoid rotational velocities, resulting in rapid prey capture in as short at 2 ms. The maximum instantaneous muscle-mass-specific power requirement for head rotation in snipefish was above the known vertebrate maximum, which is evidence that strikes are not the result of direct muscle power. Finally, we show that the over-center conformation of the four-bar linkage mechanism coupling head elevation to hyoid rotation in snipefish can function as a torque reversal latch, preventing the head from rotating and providing the opportunity for elastic energy storage. The presence of elastic recoil feeding in snipefish means that this high-performance mechanism is not restricted to the Syngnathidae (seahorses and pipefish) and may have evolved in parallel.
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