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9 results for “Seabird Conservation”
Data from: Tactile bill-tip organs in seabirds suggests conservation of a deep avian symplesiomorphy
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Fisheries bycatch mitigation measures as an efficient tool for the conservation of seabird populations
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The impact of industrial fisheries on marine biodiversity is conspicuous in large pelagic vertebrate fisheries bycatch. In seabirds, this led to the decline of many populations since the 1980s following the rise of global fishing efforts. Bycatch mitigation measures were implemented in the 2000s, but their effects on the concerned seabird populations remain poorly quantified and understood.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We studied the effects of bycatch mitigation measures on the demography of the white-chinned petrel, one of the most bycatch impacted seabirds whose populations suffered dramatic declines before the implementation of mitigation measures. To do so we 1) built multi-event capture-recapture models to estimate the demographic parameters of a population from Possession Island (southern Indian Ocean) over thirty years, 2) assessed the effect of climate and fishery covariates on demographic parameters, 3) built a population matrix model to estimate stochastic growth rate according to the management in fisheries bycatch, and 4) estimated changes in breeding population density using distance sampling data.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>The population declined from the 1980s to the mid-2000s, while trawl and longline fisheries occurred with no bycatch mitigation measures. The negative effects of fishery bycatch through additive mortality and of rat predation on breeding success were likely the main drivers of this decline.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Both modeled population growth rate and observed breeding densities showed an increase since the mid-2000s. We explained this trend by the improvement in survival probability following implementation of fishery bycatch mitigation measures and in breeding success probability with the local control of the rat population and changes in sea ice conditions on foraging grounds.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Synthesis and applications: We provide a holistic approach to assess the effects of management measures by analysing datasets from sampling methods commonly employed in seabirds studies. Our conclusions should encourage the eradication of invasive predatory species in seabirds breeding areas and the strengthening of bycatch mitigation measures for the vulnerable seabird species, especially in international waters, but also the development of such measures considering the other marine large pelagic species threatened by fisheries bycatch (sharks, rays, turtles and marine mammals) since it could be crucial to avoid populations' extinction.</span></p>
Fisheries bycatch mitigation measures as an efficient tool for the conservation of seabird populations
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Data from: Intercolony movement of pre-breeding seabirds over oceanic scales: implications of cryptic age-classes for conservation and metapopulation dynamics
Aim: Demographic linkage between subpopulations plays a critical role in population processes. Metapopulation dynamics, however, remains one of the most poorly understood aspects of population biology. This is especially true for small, pelagic seabirds because their discrete subpopulations are located on offshore islands, separated by vast areas of open ocean, making monitoring logistically challenging. Seabird populations often contain large numbers of immature pre-breeders that may be important for subpopulation connectivity and demography, but are poorly studied. Here we provide evidence for intercolony movement of pre-breeding Leach's storm-petrels Oceanodroma leucorhoa among three colonies spanning the North Atlantic Ocean. We discuss their influence on metapopulation dynamics and the extinction risk of a subpopulation under threat from extreme predation. Location: North Atlantic Ocean Islands (Scotland, Canada & Iceland). Methods: We use a novel application of Bayesian stable isotope mixing models to infer recent movement of pre-breeding birds between three major breeding populations in the North Atlantic. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values from breeding birds (central place foragers) sampled at each colony were used as model sources and pre-breeding birds as model mixtures. Results: Of 134 pre-breeding Leach's storm-petrels sampled at three colonies across the North Atlantic, five had isotope mixing model estimates dissimilar (< 25%) to their colony of capture and were instead isotopically similar to another breeding region. Nineteen further pre-breeders had highly mixed signatures (< 50% for the colony of capture), indicating possible recent movement between colonies. Main conclusions: Our findings provide evidence for interpopulation connectivity of pre-breeding Leach's storm-petrels among colonies spanning the North Atlantic. These results highlight the significance of cryptic young age-classes in metapopulation dynamics and the demographic processes. Moreover, they provide us with a better understanding of how one subpopulation remains extant, despite experiencing extreme predation rates.
Assessing the effectiveness of a forest Habitat Conservation Plan for a threatened seabird, the marbled murrelet
<p>Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) commonly facilitate habitat conservation on private land in the United States, yet the effectiveness of individual HCPs is rarely evaluated. Here, we assess the effectiveness of a high-profile HCP created by a lumber company to protect old-growth forest used for breeding by Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) on private land. We used 17 years of HCP-monitoring data to compare trends in murrelet occupancy and inland counts between private HCP areas and public reference areas over time. Based on occupancy models applied to audio-visual survey data, average occupancy was higher in public reference areas (0.85; 85% CI: 0.79-0.90) than in private HCP areas (0.46; 85% CI: 0.38-0.54). Numerically, trends in occupancy were slightly positive in public areas (λ=1.01; 85% CI: 0.94-1.08) and slightly negative in private areas (λ=0.97; 85% CI: 0.87-1.06), but confidence intervals did not preclude stable occupancy on both ownerships. Based on generalized linear mixed models applied to inland radar survey data, murrelet counts in private HCP areas (LS mean=8.7; 85% CI: 6.2-12.2) were lower than those in public reference areas (LS mean=14.8; 85% CI: 10.1-21.7), but confidence intervals overlapped. Murrelet counts declined by 12-17% annually on both ownerships over the study period based on the top model, but a closely competing interactive model suggested more rapid declines in public reference (14-20%) than in private HCP (10-15%) areas. Both models indicated that murrelet counts were negatively related to sea surface temperature, suggesting that warm ocean conditions negatively affect murrelet breeding effort. Collectively, these results suggest that while HCP habitat may be lower quality than public reference areas, the HCP has likely not exacerbated ongoing declines of murrelets in the region. This work highlights the importance of including reference areas when evaluating conservation policies. </p>
Data from: Genetic structuring among colonies of a pantropical seabird: Implication for subspecies validation and conservation
Appendix S1 <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Table S1</td> <td>Details of field researchers and licences under which they took blood samples from white-tailed tropicbirds from populations in the years of study</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S2</td> <td>Morphometrics of 616 individual white-tailed tropicbirds from 11 populations. Population codes are as described in Table 1.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S3</td> <td>Raw microsatellite genotypes for 382 individual White-tailed tropicbird from 13 populations. Population codes are as described in Table 1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S4</td> <td>Details of mtDNA sequences </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S5</td> <td>Tests of bottleneck (P-values for one-tailed Wilcoxon's signed rank test for heterozygosity excess) based on 10 microsatellites in 13 populations of Phaethon lepturus</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Table S6</td> <td>Pairwise FST estimates based on nuclear microsatellite variation (above diagonal), and ΦST estimates based on mtDNA sequence (below diagonal) for 11 populations with sample sizes >5 ('Pop's) of Phaethon lepturus (see Table 1 for population codes)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data from: Genetic structuring among colonies of a pantropical seabird: Implication for subspecies validation and conservation
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Data from: Intercolony movement of pre-breeding seabirds over oceanic scales: implications of cryptic age-classes for conservation and metapopulation dynamics
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Assessing the effectiveness of a forest Habitat Conservation Plan for a threatened seabird, the marbled murrelet
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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