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96 results for “Seascape”
Heterogeneous environmental seascape across a biogeographic break influences the thermal physiology and tolerances to ocean acidification in an ecosystem engineer
<p>Dataset for the metabolic rates of limpets under two different pCO2/pH conditions</p> <p>MR are in O2 mg h−1g−1</p>
Latitudinal core habitat prediction data for the manuscript: "Seascape topography slows predicted range shifts in fish under climate change"
<p>Latitudinal locations of core environmental habitat for yellowtail kingfish (<em>Seriola lalandi</em>), Australian bonito (<em>Sarda australis</em>), Australian spotted mackerel (<em>Scomberomorus munroi</em>), narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (<em>Scomberomorus commerson</em>) and common dolphinfish (<em>Coryphaena hippurus</em>) nearshore of the continental shelf break (i.e. 200-m isobath) within 145 – 160°E, 15 – 45°S and between years 1998 – 2018.</p>
Data from: Data-driven bioregionalization: A seascape-scale study of macrobenthic communities in the Eurasian Arctic
<p><b>Aim: </b>We conduct the first model-based assessment of the biogeographical subdivision of Eurasian Arctic seas to (1) delineate spatial distribution and boundaries of macrobenthic communities on a seascape level; (2) assess the significance of environmental drivers of macrobenthic community structures; (3) compare our modelling results to historical biogeographical classifications; and (4) couple the model to climate-change scenarios of environmental changes to project potential shifts in the distribution and composition of macrobenthic communities by 2100.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Eurasian Arctic seas, in particular Barents, Kara, and Laptev Seas</p> <p><b>Taxon: </b>Macrobenthic fauna</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We employed the Region of Common Profile (RCP) approach to assess the regionalization patterns of Eurasian Arctic seafloor communities.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Four RCPs were identified based on the spatial distribution patterns of 169 macrobenthic species and a set of environmental factors, such as sediment composition, sea-ice concentration, depth of the euphotic zone, particulate organic carbon concentration at the ocean surface, as well as near-bottom water temperature and salinity. The identified regions are in strong agreement with previous classifications of macrobenthic communities. The projections are driven by climate-change scenario "Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0" suggested a general eastward shift of the RCPs over the 21st century, correlated to retreating sea-ice and increasing sea-bottom temperature.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> The RCP approach allowed us to identify seascape-scale distribution patterns of macrobenthic communities in Eurasian Arctic seas by simultaneously considering biotic and environmental data within one modelling step. This technique can represent biota and ecoregions in a probabilistic form together with assessment of uncertainties of the predictions, and assess the significance of a broad selection of environmental drivers. This first quantitative assessment of potential climate-driven changes in macrobenthic biodiversity will promote their inclusion in conservation measures.</p>
Seascape genetics in a polychaete worm: Disentangling the roles of a biogeographic barrier and environmental factors
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Seascape genomics studies aim to understand how environmental variables shape species diversity through genotype-environment associations. Identifying these effects on lecithotrophic larval species that live in intertidal zones is particularly challenging because they are subject to environmental heterogeneity and anthropogenic events. Here, we evaluate how biotic and abiotic features in the Southwest Atlantic littoral zone can affect a high dispersal species' present and historical demographic.</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Perinereis ponteni.</em></p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated population genetic diversity, connectivity, and past dynamics using 23,300 SNPs generated using Genotyping by sequencing. We tested whether environmental abiotic variables could explain the variance found in genotype frequencies using isolation-by-environment (IBE) and landscape association approaches. These data, combined with paleodistribution simulations and oceanic circulation modeling, were used to infer species demographic history and connectivity patterns.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Along with high levels of connectivity detected, we found a genetic boundary in the southeastern region of Brazil around Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro) and a cline trend for some loci. The paleodistribution simulations reveal a spatial refuge in the southeast during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 kya), with the expansion of the northern region. We identified 1,421 SNPs with frequencies associated with eight environmental variables, most of which were related to temperature - the main environmental factor determining IBE.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> <em>Perinereis ponteni</em>, a polychaete with high gene flow capability responds to biogeographic barriers, highlighting the importance of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping population connectivity. Furthermore, the effect of temperature indicates that future climate change and ocean warming can hugely impact this species.</p>
Data from: Sedimentary organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration across a vertical gradient on a temperate wetland seascape including salt marshes, seagrass meadows and rhizophytic macroalgae beds
<p>Dataset </p> <p> </p> <p>Coastal wetlands are key in regulating coastal carbon and nitrogen dynamics and contribute significantly to climate change mitigation and anthropogenic nutrient reduction. We investigated organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks and burial rates at four adjacent vegetated coastal habitats across the seascape elevation gradient of Cádiz Bay (South Spain), including one species of salt marsh, two of seagrasses, and a macroalgae. OC and TN stocks in the upper 1 m sediment layer were higher at the subtidal seagrass <em>Cymodocea nodosa</em> (72.3 Mg OC ha<sup>-1</sup>, 8.6 Mg TN ha<sup>-1</sup>) followed by the upper intertidal salt marsh <em>Sporobolus maritimus</em> (66.5 Mg OC ha<sup>-1</sup>, 5.9 Mg TN ha<sup>-1</sup>), the subtidal rhizophytic macroalgae <em>Caulerpa prolifera</em> (62.2 Mg OC ha<sup>-1</sup>, 7.2 Mg TN ha<sup>-1</sup>), and the lower intertidal seagrass <em>Zostera noltei</em> (52.8 Mg OC ha<sup>-1</sup>, 5.2 Mg TN ha<sup>-1</sup>). The sedimentation rates increased from lower to higher elevation, from the intertidal salt marsh (0.24 g cm<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>) to the subtidal macroalgae (0.12 g cm<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>). The organic carbon burial rate was highest at the intertidal salt marsh<em> </em>(91 ± 31 g OC m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), followed by the intertidal seagrass, (44 ± 15 g OC m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), the subtidal seagrass (39 ± 6 g OC m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), and the subtidal macroalgae (28 ± 4 g OC m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>). Total nitrogen burial rates were similar among the three lower vegetation types, ranging from 5 ± 2 to 3 ± 1 g TN m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, and peaked at <em>S. maritimus </em>salt marsh with 7 ± 1 g TN m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>. The contribution of allochthonous sources to the sedimentary organic matter also decreased with elevation, from 72% in <em>C. prolifera</em> to 33% at <em>S. maritimus</em>. Our results highlight the need of using habitat-specific OC and TN stocks and burial rates to improve our ability to predict OC and TN sequestration capacity of vegetated coastal habitats at the seascape level. We also demonstrated that the stocks and burial rates in <em>C. prolifera </em>habitats were within the range of well-accepted blue carbon ecosystems such as seagrass meadows and salt marshes.</p>
Supplementary Material - Marine animal forests in turbid environments are overlooked seascapes in urban areas
<p>Figures S1, S2, and S3 of the manuscript "Marine animal forests in turbid environments are overlooked seascapes in urban areas" accepted in the open-access journal Ocean and Coastal Research (Soares et al. 2023)</p>
Seascape genetics in a polychaete worm: Disentangling the roles of a biogeographic barrier and environmental factors
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Data from: Data-driven bioregionalization: A seascape-scale study of macrobenthic communities in the Eurasian Arctic
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Data from: Seascape genomics of red abalone: Limited range-wide population structure and evidence for local adaptation
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Data from: Extreme seascape drives local recruitment and genetic divergence in brooding and spawning corals in remote northwest Australia
Management strategies designed to conserve coral reefs threatened by climate change need to incorporate knowledge of the spatial distribution of inter- and intra-specific genetic diversity. We characterised patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two reef-building corals to explore the eco-evolutionary processes that sustain populations in northwest Australia. Our sampling focused on the unique reefs of the Kimberley; we collected the broadcast spawning coral Acropora aspera (n = 534) and the brooding coral Isopora brueggemanni (n = 612) across inter-archipelago (tens to hundreds of kilometres), inter-reef (kilometres to tens of kilometres) and within-reef (tens of metres to a few kilometres) scales. Initial analysis of A. aspera identified four highly divergent lineages that were co-occurring but morphologically similar. Subsequent population analyses focused on the most abundant and widespread lineage, Acropora asp-c. Although the overall level of geographic subdivision was greater in the brooder than in the spawner, fundamental similarities in patterns of genetic structure were evident. Most notably, limits to gene flow were observed at scales less than 35 kilometres. Further, we observed four discrete clusters and a semi-permeable barrier to dispersal that were geographically consistent between species. Finally, sites experiencing bigger tides were more connected to the metapopulation and had greater gene diversity than those experiencing smaller tides. Our data indicate that the inshore reefs of the Kimberley are genetically isolated from neighbouring oceanic bioregions, but occasional dispersal between inshore archipelagos is important for the redistribution of evolutionarily important genetic diversity. Additionally, these results suggest that networks of marine reserves that effectively protect reefs from local pressures should be spaced within a few tens of kilometres to conserve the existing patterns of demographic and genetic connectivity.
Data from: Seascape genomics of the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima along the North Eastern Atlantic latitudinal gradient
<p>Temperature is one of the most important range-limiting factors for many seaweeds. Driven by the recent climatic changes, rapid northward shifts of species' distribution ranges can potentially modify the phylogeographic signature of Last Glacial Maximum. We explored this question in detail in the cold-tolerant kelp species <i>Saccharina latissima</i>, using microsatellites and double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyze the genetic diversity and structure in 11 sites spanning the entire European Atlantic latitudinal range of this species. In addition, we checked for statistical correlation between genetic marker allele frequencies and three environmental proxies (sea surface temperature, salinity, and water turbidity). Our findings revealed that genetic diversity was significantly higher for the northernmost locality (Spitsbergen) compared to the southern ones (Northern Iberia), which we discuss in light of the current state of knowledge on phylogeography of <i>S</i>. <i>latissima</i> and the potential influence of the recent climatic changes on the population structure of this species. Seven SNPs and 12 microsatellite alleles were found to be significantly associated with at least one of the three environmental variables. We speculate on the putative adaptive functions of the genes associated with the outlier markers and the importance of these markers for successful conservation and aquaculture strategies for <i>S. latissima</i> in this age of rapid global change.</p>
Propagule composition regulates the success of an invasive seaweed across a heterogeneous seascape
<p>1. Propagule pressure is acknowledged as a key determinant of invasion success. Nonetheless, the role of morphological or physiological attributes of propagules (i.e., their quality) in regulating invader establishment has been little explored. In particular, no study has investigated how the presence of propagules differing in quality within an inoculum influences establishment across heterogeneous landscapes.</p> <p>2. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that the quality (+Fronds+Rhizoids; +Fronds–Rhizoids; –Fronds+Rhizoids) and the diversity (1, 2, 3 fragment types) of vegetative fragments of the seaweed <i>Caulerpa taxifolia</i> determine their establishment success across seascapes consisting of bare sediments and patches of the seagrass <i>Zostera muelleri</i> exposed to different disturbance intensities (control, seagrass canopy clipping and total removal).</p> <p>3. After 6 weeks, seaweed biomass, stolon and frond length, frond and rhizoid number were generally greater in unvegetated habitats (bare sediments and total seagrass removal) than full or reduced seagrass canopies. The type and the diversity of types of fragments inoculated had significant effects on the final biomass and morphological features of <i>C. taxifolia</i> only in vegetated habitats. In control plots, inocula of fragments retaining both fronds and rhizoids achieved higher biomass, developed longer stolons and more fronds. In canopy clipping plots, mixed inocula of +Fronds+Rhizoids and –Fronds+Rhizoids fragments had the greatest biomass and stolon length.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Assessing how propagules differing in quality perform in different habitats might be not sufficient to draw a comprehensive picture of invasion risk, as their establishment can be modulated by both negative and positive interactions among them. Propagule composition should be, therefore, considered as a further dimension of propagule pressure. Our results also suggest that the relevance of specific propagule traits for invader establishment decreases from intact to degraded habitats. Considering propagule size in terms of amount of competent propagules, rather than an absolute measure, would refine our ability of predicting invasion risk across habitats differing in biotic or abiotic conditions.</p>
Data from: Scale‐dependent spatial patterns in benthic communities around a tropical island seascape
Understanding and predicting patterns of spatial organization across ecological communities is central to the field of landscape ecology, and a similar line of inquiry has begun to evolve sub‐tidally among seascape ecologists. Much of our current understanding of the processes driving marine community patterns, particularly in the tropics, has come from small‐scale, spatially‐discrete data that are often not representative of the broader seascape. Here we expand the spatial extent of seascape ecology studies and combine spatially‐expansive in situ digital imagery, oceanographic measurements, spatial statistics, and predictive modeling to test whether predictable patterns emerge between coral reef benthic competitors across scales in response to intra‐island gradients in physical drivers. We do this around the entire circumference of a remote, uninhabited island in the central Pacific (Jarvis Island) that lacks the confounding effects of direct human impacts. We show, for the first time, that competing benthic groups demonstrate predictable scaling patterns of organization, with positive autocorrelation in the cover of each group at scales < ~1 km. Moreover, we show how gradients in subsurface temperature and surface wave power drive spatially‐abrupt transition points in group dominance, explaining 48 – 84% of the overall variation in benthic cover around the island. Along the western coast, we documented ten times more sub‐surface cooling‐hours than any other part of the coastline, with events typically resulting in a drop of 1 – 4°C over a period of < 5 hr. These high frequency temperature fluctuations are indicative of upwelling induced by internal waves and here result in localized nitrogen enrichment (NO2 + NO3) that promotes hard coral dominance around 44% of the island's perimeter. Our findings show that, in the absence of confounding direct human impacts, the spatial organization of coral reef benthic competitors are predictable and somewhat bounded across the seascape by concurrent gradients in physical drivers.
Data for "Diel Variability and Decoupled pH-Oxygen Dynamics Drive Metabolic Plasticity in Kelp Crabs from an Upwelling Seascape".
<p>Data for “<span>Diel Variability and Decoupled pH-Oxygen Dynamics Drive Metabolic Plasticity in Kelp Crabs from an Upwelling Seascape</span>”.</p> <p>By Vargas, C.A. et al.</p> <p> </p> <p>Two files:</p> <p>Readme.txt</p> <p>Diel cycle Taliepus upwelling dataset.xlsx</p> <p> </p> <p>-Sheet “Upwelling index” Time-series of “u” and “v” component of the wind, and calculated upwelling index (UI) for two coastal sites in Arauco Gulf, an upwelling shadow (US) area, and an active upwelling (AU) area. Dataset used in Figure 1A.</p> <p>-Sheet “Time series”. Time-series data of seawater temperature (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH for an upwelling shadow (US) area, and an active upwelling (AU) area. T in ºC, DO in mg L-1, and pH units. Dataset used in Figure 1D, E, Figure 2A, B, C, and Figure 3A, B, C, D.</p> <p>-Sheet “O2 consumption and C production”. Results data for oxygen consumption (umol O2 g-1 h-1), carbon production (umol C g-1 h-1), and respiratory quotient (RQ) during incubations. Datast used in Figure 5A, B, C, D, E, F.</p> <p>-Sheet “Glucose and lactate content”. Results data for hemolymph pH, glucose and lactate content (mg mg-tissue-1) in Taliepus dentatus muscle during incubations. Datast used in Figure 6A, B, C, D, E, F.</p> <p>All date and time (Date_Time) data format (mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss)</p>
Population and seascape genomics of a critically endangered benthic elasmobranch, the blue skate Dipturus batis
<p>The blue skate (<em>Dipturus batis</em>) has a patchy distribution across the North-East Atlantic Ocean, largely restricted to occidental seas around the British Isles following fisheries-induced population declines and extirpations. The viability of remnant populations remains uncertain, and could be impacted by continued fishing and bycatch pressure and the projected impacts of climate change. We genotyped 503 samples of D. batis, obtained opportunistically from the widest available geographic range, across 6,350 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a reduced-representation sequencing approach. Genotypes were used to assess the species' contemporary population structure, estimate effective population sizes, and identify putative signals of selection in relation to environmental variables using a seascape genomics approach. We identified genetic discontinuities between inshore (British Isles) and offshore (Rockall and Faroe Island) populations, with differentiation most pronounced across the deep waters of the Rockall Trough. Effective population sizes were largest in the Celtic Sea and Rockall, but low enough to be of potential conservation concern among Scottish and Faroese sites. Among the 21 candidate SNPs under positive selection was one significantly correlated with environmental variables predicted to be affected by climate change, including bottom temperature, salinity, and pH. The paucity of well annotated elasmobranch genomes precluded us from identifying a putative function for this SNP. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that climate change could inflict a strong selective force upon remnant populations of D. batis, further constraining its already restricted habitat. Furthermore, the results provide fundamental insights on the distribution, behaviour, and evolutionary biology of D. batis in the North-East Atlantic that will be useful for the establishment of conservation actions for this and other critically endangered elasmobranchs.</p>
Linking habitat interactions and biodiversity within seascapes - Dataset
<p>This dataset supports the article: </p> <p>Bugnot AB, Dafforn KA, Coleman RA, Ramsdale M, Gibbeson JT, Erickson K, Vila-Concejo A, Figueira WF, Gribben PE<span>. </span>Linking habitat interactions and biodiversity within seascapes. Ecosphere </p>
Strong selective environments determine evolutionary outcome in time-dependent fitness seascapes
<p>The impact of fitness landscape features on evolutionary outcomes has attracted considerable interest in recent decades. However, evolution often occurs under time-dependent selection in so-called fitness seascapes where the landscape is under flux. Fitness seascapes are an inherent feature of natural environments, where the landscape changes owing both to the intrinsic fitness consequences of previous adaptations and extrinsic changes in selected traits caused by new environments. The complexity of such seascapes may curb the predictability of evolution. However, empirical efforts to test this question utilising a comprehensive set of regimes are lacking. Here we employed an in vitro microbial model system to investigate differences in evolutionary outcomes between time-invariant and -dependent environments, including all possible temporal permutations, with three subinhibitory antimicrobials and a viral parasite (phage) as selective agents. Expectedly, time-invariant environments caused stronger directional selection for resistances compared to time-dependent environments. Intriguingly, however, multidrug resistance outcomes in both cases were largely driven by two strong selective agents (rifampicin and phage) out of four agents in total. These agents either caused cross-resistance or obscured the phenotypic effect of other resistance mutations, modulating the evolutionary outcome overall in time-invariant environments and as a function of exposure epoch in time-dependent environments. This suggests that identifying strong selective agents and their pleiotropic effects is critical for predicting evolution in fitness seascapes, with ramifications for evolutionarily informed strategies to mitigate drug resistance evolution. </p>
Seascapes and foraging success: movement and resource discovery by a benthic marine herbivore
<p>1. Spatially concentrated resources result in patch-based foraging, wherein the detection and choice of patches as well as the process of locating and exploiting resource patches involve moving through an explicit landscape composed of both resources and barriers to movement. An understanding of behavioural responses to resources and barriers is key to interpreting observed ecological patterns.</p> <p>2. We examined the process of resource discovery in the context of a heterogeneous seascape using sea urchins and drift kelp in urchin barrens as a model system. Under field conditions, we manipulated both the presence of a highly valuable resource (drift kelp) and a barrier to movement (sandy substratum) to test the interacting influence of these two factors on the process of resource discovery in barren grounds by urchins. We removed all foraging urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) from replicate areas and monitored urchin recolonization and kelp consumption. We tested two hypotheses: 1) unstable substratum is a barrier to urchin movement and 2) the movement behaviour of sea urchins is modified by the presence of drift kelp.</p> <p>3. Very few urchins were found on sand, sand was a permeable barrier to urchin movement, and the permeability of this barrier varied between sites. In general, partial recolonization occurred strikingly rapidly, but sand slowed the consumption of drift kelp by limiting the number of urchins. Differences in the permeability of sand barriers between sites could be driven by differences in the size structure of urchin populations, indicating size-specific environmental effects on foraging behaviour.</p> <p>4. We demonstrate the influence of patchy seascapes in modulating grazing intensity in barren grounds through modifications of foraging behaviour. Behavioural processes modified by environmental barriers play an important role in determining grazing pressure, the existence of refuges for new algal recruits, and ultimately the dynamics of urchin-algal interactions in barren grounds.</p>
Seascape genetics of the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) based on mitochondrial DNA
<p>The Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) is endemic to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Throughout its distribution, both geographic distance and environmental variation may contribute to population structure of the species. In this study we follow a seascape genetics approach to investigate population differentiation of Atlantic spotted dolphins based on a large worldwide dataset and the relationship with marine environmental variables. The results revealed that the Atlantic spotted dolphin exhibits population genetic structure across its distribution based on mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA-CR) data. Analyses based on the contemporary landscape suggested, at both the individual and population-level, that the population genetic structure is consistent with the isolation-by-distance model. However, because geography and environmental matrices were correlated, and because in some, but not all analyses, we found a significant effect for the environment, we cannot rule out the addition contribution of environmental factors in structuring genetic variation. Future analyses based on nuclear data are needed to evaluate whether local processes, such as social structure and some level of philopatry within populations, may be contributing to the associations among genetic structure, geographic, and environmental distance.</p>
Data from: Seascape genomics of the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima along the North Eastern Atlantic latitudinal gradient
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