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65 results for “Seasonal adaptation”
Data from: Local adaptation to seasonal cues at the fronts of two parallel, climate-induced butterfly range expansions
<p>Climate change allows species to expand polewards, but non-changing environmental features may limit expansions. Daylength is unaffected by climate and drives life cycle timing in many animals and plants. Because daylength varies over latitudes, poleward-expanding populations must adapt to new daylength conditions. We studied local adaptation to daylength in the butterfly <em>Lasiommata megera</em>, which is expanding northwards along several routes in Europe. Using common garden laboratory experiments with controlled daylengths, we compared diapause induction between populations from the southern-Swedish core range and recently established marginal populations from two independent expansion fronts in Sweden. Caterpillars from the northern populations entered diapause in clearly longer daylengths than those from southern populations, with the exception of caterpillars from one geographically isolated population. The northern populations have repeatedly and rapidly adapted to their local daylengths, indicating that the common use of daylength as seasonal cue need not strongly limit climate-induced insect range expansions.</p>
FIG. 3 in The canopy-forming alga Ericaria brachycarpa (J.Agardh) Molinari-Novoa & Guiry (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) shows seasonal and depth adaptation to the incoming light levels
FIG. 3. — Lineal fitting of the photosynthesis/PFD data at the lineal part of the P/PFD curve for the algal specimens collected at different depths.
FIG. 4 in The canopy-forming alga Ericaria brachycarpa (J.Agardh) Molinari-Novoa & Guiry (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) shows seasonal and depth adaptation to the incoming light levels
FIG. 4. — Photosynthesis at saturation (Psat), photosynthesis at low light levels (Pb) and dark respiration (Rd) for specimens thriving at 3 and 20 m (not transplanted: nt3 and nt20) and for those transplanted at the same depth (3to3 and 20to20) and at different depths (3to20 and 20to3) after 11 and 90 days after transplantation.
FIG. 1 in The canopy-forming alga Ericaria brachycarpa (J.Agardh) Molinari-Novoa & Guiry (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) shows seasonal and depth adaptation to the incoming light levels
FIG. 1. — Percentage abundance of Ericaria brachycarpa (J. Agardh) MolinariNovoa & Guiry at the sampling station estimated from 50 reticulated quadrats of 625 cm2 per depth.
Rapid and transient evolution of local adaptation to seasonal host fruits in an invasive pest fly
<p><span>Both local adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity can influence the match between phenotypic traits and local environmental conditions. Theory predicts that environments stable for multiple generations promote local adaptation, while highly heterogeneous environments favor adaptive phenotypic plasticity. However, when environments have periods of stability mixed with heterogeneity, the relative importance of local adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity is unclear. Here, we used <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> as a model system to evaluate the relative influence of genetic and plastic effects on the match of populations to environments with periods of stability from three to four generations. This invasive pest insect can develop within different fruits, and persists throughout the year in a given location on a succession of distinct host fruits, each one being available for only a few generations. Using reciprocal common environment experiments of natural <em>D. suzukii</em> populations collected from cherry, strawberry and blackberry, we found that both oviposition preference and offspring performance were higher on medium made with the fruit from which the population originated, than on media made with alternative fruits. This pattern, which remained after two generations in the laboratory, was analyzed using a statistical method we developed to quantify the contributions of local adaptation and adaptive plasticity in determining fitness. Altogether, we found that genetic effects (local adaptation) dominate over plastic effects (adaptive phenotypic plasticity). Our study demonstrates that spatially and temporally variable selection does not prevent the rapid evolution of local adaptation in natural populations. The speed and strength of adaptation may be facilitated by several mechanisms including a large effective population size and strong selective pressures imposed by host plants.</span></p>
Data for: Differences in mucilage properties and stomatal sensitivity of locally adapted Zea mays in relation with precipitation seasonality and vapour pressure deficit regime of their native environment
<p>Dataset PlantDirect published manuscript:</p> <p>Berauer <em>et al.</em> (2023) - Differences in mucilage properties and stomatal sensitivity of locally adapted Zea mays in relation with precipitation seasonality and vapour pressure deficit regime of their native environment</p> <p>Article DOI: <em><strong>10.1002/pld3.519</strong></em></p> <p> </p> <p>All data is provided within one excel file. Please, pay attention to the provided ReadMe sheet for information on the dataset.</p>
Rapid and transient evolution of local adaptation to seasonal host fruits in an invasive pest fly
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Data from: Local adaptation to seasonal cues at the fronts of two parallel, climate-induced butterfly range expansions
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Data from: Geographic and seasonal variation of the for gene reveal signatures of local adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>In the early 1980s, the observation that <em>Drosophila melanogaster </em>larvae differed in their foraging behavior laid the foundation for the work that would later lead to the discovery of the foraging gene (<em>for</em>) and its associated foraging phenotypes, rover and sitter. Since then, the molecular characterization of the <em>for</em> gene and our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain its phenotypic variants in the laboratory have progressed enormously. However, the significance and dynamics of such variation are yet to be investigated in nature. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, it is now possible to identify loci underlying adaptation of populations in response to environmental variation. Here, I present results of a genotype-environment association analysis that quantifies variation at the <em>for</em> gene among samples of <em>D. melanogaster</em> structured across space and time. These samples consist of published genomes of adult flies collected worldwide, and at least twice per site of collection (during spring and fall). Both an analysis of genetic differentiation based on Fst values, and an analysis of population structure revealed an east-west gradient in allele frequency. This gradient may be the result of spatially varying selection driven by the seasonality of precipitation. These results support the hypothesis that different patterns of gene flow as expected under models of isolation by distance and potentially isolation by environment are driving genetic differentiation among populations. Overall, this study is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying the evolution of foraging behavior in <em>D. melanogaster</em>.</p>
Crown morphology in Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.] L.) as adaptation to mountainous environments is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes regulating seasonal growth rhythm
Trees growing at high altitude or latitude have to be adapted, amongst others, to the lower temperatures, a shorter vegetation period, heavier snow load and frost desiccation. Association between molecular genetic markers and climatic variables may provide evidence for the genetic control of climatic adaptation. With increasing genomic resources, several genes with importance to climatic adaptation are identified over a wide range of tree species. Commonly, circadian clock genes are linked to the adaptation to lower temperatures and especially to a shortened vegetation period, as they are regulating metabolic and phenological processes in the day-night shift and seasonal change. Potentially adaptive "candidate" genes associated with latitudinal and elevational gradients were identified in several Picea spp. Before molecular markers became available to study climatic adaptation, phenotypic traits measured in natural populations and/or common garden studies were used to search for their association with climate variables. In Norway spruce, the crown architecture is the most noticeable trait associated with altitude and the related environment. The mountainous narrow-crowned morphotype is characterised by superior resistance to snow breakage in regions with heavy snow fall. In total, the crown shape was assessed in 765 individual trees from mountainous regions in the Thuringian Forest, the Ore Mountains (Saxony) and Harz Mountains (Lower-Saxony/Saxony-Anhalt), and they were genotyped at 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 24 adaptive trait related candidate genes. Six SNPs in three genes, APETALA 2-like 3 (AP2L3), GIGANTEA (GI), and mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) were associated with variation in crown shape. GI has previously been identified in angiosperms and gymnosperms to be associated with temperature and growth cessation. Our results showed that crown morphology in Norway spruce is associated with genetic markers which are putatively involved in the complex process of genetic adaptation to climatic conditions at high altitudes.
Dataset - "An Adaptive Multi-Seasonal ARIMA Approach for Domestic Hot Water Load Forecasting: A Pilot Study"
<p>The description of the data is in README.txt.</p>
Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera
<p>Urbanization is globally gaining force and challenges biodiversity but has recently also emerged as an agent of evolutionary change. Seasonal phenology and life-cycle regulation are essential processes that urbanization is likely to alter through both the urban-heat-island effect (UHI) and artificial-light-at-night (ALAN). However, how UHI and ALAN affect the evolution of seasonal adaptations has received little attention. Here, we test for urban evolution of seasonal life-history plasticity, specifically changes in the photoperiodic induction of diapause in two lepidopterans, <i>Pieris napi </i>(Pieridae) and <i>Chiasmia clathrata</i> (Geometridae). We used long-term data from standardized monitoring and citizen science observation schemes to compare yearly phenological flight curves in six cities in Finland and Sweden to those of adjacent rural populations. This analysis showed for both species that flight seasons are longer and end later in most cities, suggesting a difference in timing of diapause induction. Then, we used common-garden experiments to test whether evolution of the photoperiodic reaction norm for diapause could explain these phenological changes for a subset of these cities. These experiments demonstrated a genetic shift for both species in urban areas towards a lower daylength threshold for direct development, consistent with predictions based on the UHI but not ALAN. The correspondence of this genetic change to the results of our larger-scale observational analysis of <i>in situ</i> flight phenology indicates that it may be widespread. These findings suggest that seasonal life-cycle regulation evolves in urban ectotherms and may contribute to eco-evolutionary dynamics in cities.</p>
Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera
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Data from: Geographic and seasonal variation of the for gene reveal signatures of local adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Adaptation and plasticity of <em>Nannochloropsis</em> sp. in response to seasonal and geographic climate variation
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Variation in the resource environment affects patterns of seasonal adaptation at phenotypic and genomic levels in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>
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The origin and spread of locally adaptive seasonal camouflage in snowshoe hares
<p>Adaptation is central to population persistence in the face of environmental change, yet we seldom precisely understand the origin and spread of adaptive variation in natural populations. Snowshoe hares (<i>Lepus americanus</i>) along the Pacific Northwest (PNW) coast have evolved brown winter camouflage through positive selection on recessive variation at the <i>Agouti</i> pigmentation gene introgressed from black-tailed jackrabbits (<i>L. californicus</i>). Here we combine new and published whole genome and exome sequences with targeted genotyping of <i>Agouti </i>in order<i> </i>to investigate the evolutionary history of local seasonal camouflage adaptation in the PNW. We find evidence of significantly elevated inbreeding and mutational load in coastal winter-brown hares, consistent with a recent range expansion into temperate coastal environments that incurred indirect fitness costs. The genome-wide distribution of introgression tract lengths supports a pulse of hybridization near the end of the last glacial maximum, which may have facilitated range expansion via introgression of winter-brown camouflage variation. However, signatures of a selective sweep at <i>Agouti</i> indicate a much more recent spread of winter-brown camouflage. Through simulations we show that the delay between the hybrid origin and subsequent selective sweep of the recessive winter-brown allele can be largely attributed to the limits of natural selection imposed by simple allelic dominance. We argue that while hybridization during periods of environmental change may provide a critical reservoir of adaptive variation at range edges, the probability and pace of local adaptation will strongly depend on population demography and the genetic architecture of introgressed variation.</p>
Data from: A cross-seasonal perspective on local adaptation: metabolic plasticity mediates responses to winter in a thermal-generalist moth
The physiological and ecological impact of the thermal environment across life-stages can result in trade-offs that determine fitness and population dynamics. Understanding mechanisms and consequences of local adaptation for any organism that overwinters requires taking a cross-seasonal perspective. We used a trait-based approach to distinguish variation among ecotypes in ecological and physiological responses to overwintering conditions. We used fall webworms (Hyphantria cunea; Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) from Ottawa, Ontario and Columbus Ohio, representing the centre and periphery of the native range. We hypothesised that populations would be locally adapted to their overwintering environments, with fitness maximised under natal overwintering conditions. We predicted that this local adaptation would result from modulation of rates of energy use, growth and development. Each ecotype had higher overwinter survival in their natal compared to non-natal winter environment, and this was associated with larger pupal mass, size and carbohydrate reserves at the end of winter. This suggests that the ecotypes are locally adapted to winter conditions. Larger adults laid more eggs, but there was no effect of ecotype or environment on fecundity. Pupae overwintering at warm, energetically demanding southern temperatures suppressed metabolic rates in autumn, and developed more quickly in the spring, compensating for energetic demands of warmer winters. Northern ecotypes had lower thermal sensitivity of metabolism, leading to higher metabolic rates at cool temperatures that correlated with faster post-winter development. Local adaptation to winter conditions suggests performance of peripheral populations may not be enhanced by warming winters. Decoupling of winter and growing season temperatures may negatively impact ectotherms.
Data from: Many places called home: the adaptive value of seasonal adjustments in range fidelity
1. The vast majority of animal species display range fidelity, a space-use behaviour enhancing familiarity with local habitat features. While the fitness benefits of this behaviour have been demonstrated in a variety of taxa, some species or populations rather display infidelity, displacing their home range over time. Others, such as many ungulate species, show seasonal adjustments in their range fidelity to accommodate changes in the dominance of limiting factors or in the distribution of resources. 2. Few empirical studies have explored the adaptive value of seasonal adjustments in range fidelity. Using boreal populations of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) as a biological model, we evaluated how range fidelity impacted individual performance during two seasons where juvenile and adult survival are limited by different predation pressures. 3. Between 2004 and 2013, we monitored the survival, reproductive success, habitat selection and range fidelity of female caribou in the boreal forest of eastern Canada. Using resource selection functions, we assessed how seasonal range fidelity was linked to two fitness correlates: calf survival in summer and adult female survival in winter. 4. Females displayed season-specific space use tactics: they selected previously used areas during calving and summer, but tended to shift their winter range from one year to the next. During calving and summer, range fidelity yielded relatively high fitness benefits, as females that did not lose their calf displayed stronger fidelity than females that did. In winter, however, adult survival was negatively linked to range fidelity, as females that survived selected areas further away from their seasonal range of the previous year than females that died. 5. We provide one of the first evidences that making seasonal adjustments in range fidelity can be an adaptive behaviour influencing the spatial distribution of a threatened species. Assessing the seasonal nature of range fidelity tactics may improve our predictions of space use and associated fitness implications for species displaying this behaviour.
FIGURE 4 in Seasonal and geographical adaption of two field crickets in China (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Gryllinae: Teleogryllus)
FIGURE 4. RelatiOnsHip between Hind femur lengtH and Original latitude (A T. emma B T. occipitalis THe dOtted line represents tHe female, THe sOlid line represents tHe male).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.