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233 results for “Seasonal effect”
Effects of Fire Seasonality on Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2007-2020)
Desert grassland vegetation is a key resource upon which rangelands in the southwestern US are built, and managing these ecosystems remains a critical challenge today. This experimental fire seasonality research project, in collaboration with the USFWS, USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the Sevilleta LTER, is intended to provide land management agencies with information about vegetation recovery following fire under different seasonal conditions and burning treatments. This experimental research will enable the FWS to more effectively set project objectives for prescribed burning on the Sevilleta NWR to benefit not only wildlife habitat, but to better align the timing and intensity of fire to benefit the reestablishment of the dominant native grama grasses Bouteloua eriopoda and B. gracilis. Since its creation in 1973, management has been devoted to restoring the Sevilleta NWR to the natural conditions that might have been seen around the turn of the century. The Sevilleta NWR is an ideal place for research because climatic conditions, plant species composition and net primary production following wildfire have been well documented by the Sevilleta LTER. Additional experimental research is needed, however, to better inform managers about the timing and use of fire as an ecosystem restoration and management tool. This is an on-going, long-term experiment under the auspices of the Sevilleta LTER program.
Effects of Multiple Resource Additions on Community and Ecosystem Processes: NutNet Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Two of the most pervasive human impacts on ecosystems are alteration of global nutrient budgets and changes in the abundance and identity of consumers. Fossil fuel combustion and agricultural fertilization have doubled and quintupled, respectively, global pools of nitrogen and phosphorus relative to pre-industrial levels. In spite of the global impacts of these human activities, there have been no globally coordinated experiments to quantify the general impacts on ecological systems. This experiment seeks to determine how nutrient availability controls plant biomass, diversity, and species composition in a desert grassland. This has important implications for understanding how future atmospheric deposition of nutrients (N, S, Ca, K) might affect community and ecosystem-level responses. This study is part of a larger coordinated research network that includes more than 40 grassland sites around the world. By using a standardized experimental setup that is consistent across all study sites, we are addressing the questions of whether diversity and productivity are co-limited by multiple nutrients and if so, whether these trends are predictable on a global scale. Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and and foliage, over time and incoporates growth as well as loss to death and decomposition. To measure this change the vegetation variables, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at permanent 1m x 1m plots within each site. Volumetric measurements are made using vegetation data from permanent plots (SEV231, "Effects of Multiple Resource Additions on Community and Ecosystem Processes: NutNet NPP Quadrat Sampling") and regressions correlating species biomass and volume constructed using seasonal harvest weights from SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data."
Data from: Multifaceted density dependence: Social structure and seasonality effects on Serengeti lion demography
<p>This dataset contains the data and R scripts to estimate the survival, transition, and detection probabilities (Lions_Survival_Transition_MultistateCMRModel.zip) as well as the probability of reproduction and recruitment to 1 year old (Lions_Reproduction_Recruitment_GLMM.zip) in a population of African lions (<em>Panthera leo</em>) monitored between 1984 and 2014 in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.</p> <p>We assessed the season-specific effects of density measures at the intra- (number of females in a pride and male coalition size) and extra-group levels (number of nomadic coalitions in the home range of a group) using a Bayesian multistate capture-mark-recapture model for the survival and transition rates and Bayesian generalized linear mixed models for reproduction probability and recruitment. <br><br>The README file further describes each uploaded file.</p>
Data and code for "Negative effects of allelopathic plant invasion intensify as the growth season progresses"
<p>Initial release for TT23_ms_data.</p> <p>Repository contains data and code for "Negative effects of allelopathic plant invasion intensify as the growth season progresses" by Perkowski et al. (in prep). Manuscript plots and tables are also included in release.</p>
Seasonal controls override forest harvesting effects on the composition of dissolved organic matter mobilized from boreal forest soil organic horizons
<p>Dataset comprised of nutrient fluxes (DOC, TDN, NH4, TDN and SRP), optical parameters related to DOM composition (SUVA, spectral slopes and slope ratio), pH, and other nutrient and elemental ratios for passive pan lysimeters installed across terrestrial sites in Pynn's Brook, Newfoundland.</p>
Nitrogen cycling in accidental urban wetlands in the Salt River (central Arizona, USA): the effects of season, inundation and plants on denitrification (2013-2014)
This project sought to understand the spatial and temporal patterns and drivers of denitrification in nine accidental wetlands in the Salt River in Phoenix, AZ. Accidental urban wetlands are the result from human activities but are not designed nor managed for any specific purpose; thus, they are useful for examining the effects of both human and non-human drivers of ecosystem processes. For this study, we examined how seasonal monsoon and winter floods affected denitrification in different plant patch types at wetlands with different inundation regimes. Inundation regimes of the study wetlands are driven by storm drains that supply urban baseflow to the wetlands; however, the timing and frequency of discharges differ among storm drains resulting in different durations of inundation. Some storm drains provide enough baseflow that wetlands remain inundated year-round (perennially inundated) while others provide very little baseflow, so inundation is largely in response to rain events (ephemerally inundated). Intermittently inundated wetlands receive enough baseflow to remain inundated for part of the year. At each study wetland, we identified 2-4 dominant plant patch types, including one unvegetated patch. We took 2-4 soil samples from each patch type at each site in each season (pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and winter rainy seasons). We measured denitrification potential, soil organic matter, soil moisture, soil nitrate, soil texture, and water depth. In addition to soil characteristics, we also collected data on plant traits for each patch type. Plant functional traits provide one method to examine mechanistic links between plants and ecosystem processes. Measured plant traits were above- and belowground biomass, above- and belowground C:N ratios, and rooting depth.
Seasonal Effects in Gastrointestinal Parasite Prevalence, Richness and Intensity in Vervet Monkeys Living in a Semi-Arid Environment
<p>Data and R Notebook for Seasonal Effects in Gastrointestinal Parasite Prevalence, Richness and Intensity in Vervet Monkeys Living in a Semi-Arid Environment</p>
Seasonal orographic effect of North American Mountain Range at different levels and its remote control on tropical climate
<p><a name="OLE_LINK36"></a><a name="OLE_LINK37"></a><a name="OLE_LINK81"></a><a name="OLE_LINK6"></a><span><span><span><span>Orography significantly influences global climate patterns. </span></span></span></span><a name="OLE_LINK32"></a><a name="OLE_LINK33"></a><span><span><span><span><span><span>Previous studies show the North American Mountain Range (NAMR) impacts regional climates seasonally but have not thoroughly illustrated the seasonally different atmospheric responses in the lower and upper troposphere, respectively. </span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>Using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 with a slab ocean configuration, we investigate the NAMR’s seasonal impacts by simulating scenarios with and without the mountain range. Our findings reveal that the NAMR induces contrasting responses in sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation off California in different seasons, indicating different underlying mechanisms. Through analysis of large-scale circulation and local energy budgets, we find that in summer, the NAMR reinforces the North Pacific High causing SST cooling and drying off California. This cooling propagates to the equatorial Pacific via anomalous northeasterlies, influencing the Intertropical Convergence Zone and initiating a climatic signal through the Pacific Meridional Mode, which crosses the equator and affects Southern Hemisphere temperatures. In winter, the NAMR reduces wind speed and evaporation, leading to SST warming off California, amplified by SST-cloud feedback. In the upper troposphere, we observe seasonal shifts in jet stream patterns: during winter, a weakened, equatorward-shifted jet over the Pacific and a strengthened, poleward-shifted branch over the Atlantic; in summer, the jet stream intensifies over and downstream of the mountains while weakening upstream. Our research highlights distinct seasonal mechanisms by which the NAMR influence climate patterns, linking mid-latitude climate variations to equatorial, cross-hemispheric and global changes.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
Species Portfolio Effects Dominate Seasonal Zooplankton Stabilization Within a Large Temperate Lake
<p>The raw data file is available online for public access (<a href="https://data.ontario.ca/dataset/lake-simcoe-monitoring">https://data.ontario.ca/dataset/lake-simcoe-monitoring</a>). Download the 1980-2019 csv files and open up the file named "Simcoe_Zooplankton&Bythotrephes.csv". Copy and paste the zooplankton sheet into a new excel file called "Simcoe_Zooplankton.csv". The column ZDATE in the excel file needs to be switched from GENERAL to SHORT DATE so that the dates in the ZDATE column read "YYYY/MM/DD". Save as .csv in appropriate R folder. The data file "simcoe_manual_subset_weeks_5" is the raw data that has been subset for the main analysis of the article using the .R file "Simcoe MS - 5 Station Subset Data". The .csv file produced from this must then be manually edited to remove data points that do not have 5 stations per sampling period as well as by combining data points that should fall into a single week. The "simcoe_manual_subset_weeks_5.csv" is then used for the calculation of variability, stabilization, asynchrony, and Shannon Diversity for each year in the .R file "Simcoe MS - 5 Station Calculations". The final .R file "Simcoe MS - 5 Station Analysis contains the final statistical analyses as well as code to reproduce the original figures. Data and code for main and supplementary analyses are also available on GitHub (https://github.com/reillyoc/ZPseasonalPEs). </p> <p> </p>
Effects of season length and uniparental care efficiency on the evolution of parental care
<p>Parental care patterns differ enormously among and even within species. In Chinese penduline tits (<em>Remiz pendulinus</em>), for example, biparental care, female-only care, male-only care, and biparental desertion all occur in the same population; moreover, the distribution of care patterns differs systematically between populations. By means of an individual-based model, we show that such diversity can readily evolve. We report five main findings. First, under a broad range of parameters, different care patterns (e.g. male care and biparental care) coexist at equilibrium. Second, for many parameters, alternative evolutionary outcomes are possible; this can explain differences in care patterns across populations. Third, rapid evolutionary transitions can occur between alternative equilibria; this can explain the often-reported evolutionary lability of parental care patterns. Fourth, season length has a strong but non-monotonic effect on the evolved care patterns. Fifth, when uniparental care efficiency is low, biparental care tends to evolve; however, in many scenarios uniparental care is still common at equilibrium. Our study sheds new light on Triver's hypothesis that the sex with the highest pre-zygotic investment is predestined to invest a lot post-zygotically as well. We also discuss the implications of climate change, which simultaneously affects season length and efficiency of parental care.</p>
Quantifying direct and indirect effects of early-season herbivory on reproduction across four brassicaceous plant species
<div> <p>Insect herbivores can directly affect plant reproduction by feeding on reproductive tissues, or indirectly by feeding on vegetative tissues for which plants are unable to compensate. Additionally, early-arriving herbivores may have cascading effects on plant reproduction by altering the later-arriving community. However, the dynamic interplay between plant development and the assembly of herbivore communities remains underexplored. Hence, it is unclear whether non-outbreak levels of ambient herbivory early in the development of plants can impact plant fitness and to what extent these effects are mediated through changes in plant development and subsequent herbivory. By excluding the herbivore community in an exclosure experiment and by manipulating early-season herbivory in a common garden field experiment replicated across four Brassicaceae species and two years, we tested whether early-season herbivory by caterpillars (<em>Pieris rapae)</em> or aphids (<em>Myzus persicae</em>) affected development, reproduction, and the herbivore communities associated with individual plants. In addition, we tested a causal hypothesis to assess the relative importance and temporal interplay between variation in herbivore communities and variation in plant development in determining plant reproduction. Early-season herbivory affected plant reproduction in the exclosure experiment, with effects being highly dependent on the plant species, the herbivore species, and the year. However, we found no such effects in the field experiment. The exploratory path analysis indicated that variation in plant reproduction is best predicted by variation in plant development, explaining 80% of the total effect on seed production. This suggests that early-season herbivory had limited effects on later plant development, and plants were able to attenuate the impact of early-season herbivory. However, no clear compensatory mechanism could be identified. While early-season herbivory has the potential to affect plant reproduction through changes in plant development or the subsequent development of the associated community, these effects were small and varied across closely related species. This suggests that plant species may be exposed to different levels of natural selection by early-season herbivores through plant- or community-mediated effects on reproduction.</p> </div>
Figure 4 in Population Dynamics of Amoeboid Protists in a Tropical Desert: Seasonal Changes and Effects of Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Figure 4. Relationship between amoeboid protist richness and soil parameters during the wet season in three microhabitats by CCA: PL: Pr. laevigata, PP: Pa. praecox, and BS: bare soil. The names and abbreviations of the amoeboid protist species can be found in table 3.
Figure 2 in Population Dynamics of Amoeboid Protists in a Tropical Desert: Seasonal Changes and Effects of Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Figure 2. Cumulative richness plots of amoeboid protists present under Pr. laevigata (PL), Pa. praecox (PP) and bare soil (BS) during dry and wet seasons at 0–30 cm. a) eruptive pseudopods, and b) acanthopodial pseudopods. ND: not determined.
Figure 1 in Population Dynamics of Amoeboid Protists in a Tropical Desert: Seasonal Changes and Effects of Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Figure 1. Study area, showing vegetation patches in the desert of Tehuacán, Puebla, Mexico. In addition, the analyzed microhabitats are shown: Pr. laevigata, Pa. praecox and bare soil.
Figure 5 in Effect of season and housing systems on various physiobehavioral attributes of local breed of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Figure 5. Effect of seasons on TSL of male rabbits under cage system. Data is mean (± SE) and different letters on the bars depict statistical difference at (p ≤ 0.05) for seasons.
Figure 4 in Effect of season and housing systems on various physiobehavioral attributes of local breed of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Figure 4. Effect of housing system on various physiological attributes of rabbits. Data is mean (± SE). Similar letters on the bars indicate non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference within caged and colony reared rabbits for rectal temperature. Different letters on the bars indicate significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference within caged and colony reared rabbits for respiration rate.
Fig. 1 in First report of economic injury to tomato due to Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae): relative abundance and effects of cultivar and season on injury
Fig. 1. Seasonal pattern of Zeugodacus tau male adults (mean ± SE) captured by Cue-lure-based traps in tomato in (a) season 1, and (b) season 2.
Figure 2 in Climatic and cultivar effects on phytoseiid species establishment and seasonal abundance on citrus
Figure 2 Abundances (number of individuals per beating sample) of phytoseiid mite species on seedlings in August. A – mean Amblyseius swirskii abundance with and without pollen provisioning. B – The relationship betweenTyphlodromus athiasae andA. swirskii abundances on different cultivars. The order of cultivars appearing in the legend corresponds to the magnitudes of their fitted intercepts (Pomello> Volka> …> Shamouti). Error bars are ± 1 SE
Figure 1 in Climatic and cultivar effects on phytoseiid species establishment and seasonal abundance on citrus
Figure 1 Phytoseiid species abundances (number of individuals per beating sample) on different cul- tivars in April, 5 weeks post release, on seedlings where Euseius stipulatus was released, with pollen provisioning (white bars), on seedlings where Euseius scutalis was released, with pollen provision- ing (gray bars), and on seedlings where no predator was released, without pollen provisioning (black bars). A – Euseius stipulatus abundances. B –Iphiseius degeneransabundances. C –Amblyseius swirskii abundances. Error bars are ± 1 SE.
Figure 3 in Climatic and cultivar effects on phytoseiid species establishment and seasonal abundance on citrus
Figure 3 Mean daily reproductive output per female (panels A and B) and survival rate (of both sexes, panels C and D), ofA. swirskii and E. stipulatus on Pomelo and Shamouti leaf discs in climate-controlled chambers. Panels A and C – Temperature regime 1 (simulating spring temperatures). Panels B and D – Temperature regime 2 (simulating summer temperatures). See Table 2 for the daily temperature schedule of each regime. Note the different scales of reproductive output between the two temperature regimes. Error bars are ± 1 SE.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.