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31 results for “Seed source”
Climate-Oriented Seed Sourcing Tool (COSST)
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>R code for the article "COSST: a tool to facilitate seed provenancing for climate-smart ecosystem restoration" by Silva <em>et al</em>. (2024) <em>J. Appl. Ecol</em>.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Selecting the best seed sources is a key step in ecological restoration planning especially under climate change. Seed provenancing strategies include composite, aiming to reproduce natural gene flow; predictive, focusing on future climate adaptation; and climate-adjusted, a combination of composite and predictive. Yet, implementing different seed provenancing principles remains a challenge. To fill this methodological gap, we developed the Climate-Oriented Seed Sourcing Tool (COSST), a tool built in R capable of suggesting priority areas for seed sourcing according to composite, predictive, or climate-adjusted strategies, as well as the restoration site and focal species. The tool derives its inputs from Species Distribution Models (SDMs), which require occurrence and climate data only. COSST accommodates multiple climatic variables, weights the variables according to species-specific sensitivities, and accounts for uncertainties between climate forecasts. We demonstrated the flexibility of COSST using <em>Caryocar brasiliense</em> (pequi), a tree native to the Brazilian Cerrado, as a case study. The tool identified optimal areas for collecting C. brasiliense seeds and estimated the proportion of seeds to be sourced from various suppliers. We made available an R code for running COSST along with a Shiny application for data visualization. Our tool can guide where to source seeds for species lacking range-wide information on genetic structure, which is the case for a substantial proportion of the tropical flora, where ecosystem restoration is of paramount importance.</p>
Where should they come from? Where should they go? Several measures of seed source locality fail to predict plant establishment in early prairie restorations
<ol> <li>During the "decade on restoration," we must understand how to reliably re-establish native plant populations. When establishing populations through seed addition, practitioners prioritize obtaining seed from locations geographically near the restoration site (i.e., "local seed sourcing"). They are assumed to be under similar environmental conditions to the restoration site and should establish more robust plant populations and preserve local biotic interactions than seeds sourced from further away. However, this assumption remains virtually untested in realistic restoration settings and the importance of seed sourcing, relative to other factors such as seeding rate and management regimes, is unclear.</li> <li>To determine if seed source impacts plant establishment, abundance, and phenology, we developed a partnership between university researchers and a native seed producer that kept records on where their seed was sourced from and where it was planted. At each site, we recorded the abundance and phenological stage of five commonly used tallgrass prairie restoration species seeded at 24 sites undergoing restoration across Michigan. We considered two measures of seed source locality: geographic distance (seeds were sourced from locations 6–750km away from their respective restoration sites) and climate distance. We also obtained data on the seeding rate and post-seeding management efforts at each site.</li> <li>We found that no measure of seed source locality predicted the likelihood of plant establishment or abundance at restoration sites. However, sites sown with seed from further away, or from cooler and wetter climates, had a greater proportion of flowering individuals earlier in the season. Finally, sites with higher seeding rates had greater plant abundance, and post-seeding management of the restoration site increased the likelihood a species would establish by 36%.</li> <li>Overall, these results suggest that seed sourcing did not impact plant establishment or abundance in our system. However, using fewer local seed sources can alter flowering phenology.</li> <li>Our results suggest that tallgrass prairie restoration efforts should prioritize higher seeding rates, post-seeding management, and might expand the region seed sources are considered "local", though this could impact flowering phenology. Future research leveraging native seed producer records can help answer critical questions about restoration seed sourcing.</li> </ol>
Reforestation of high elevation pines: Direct seeding success depends on seed source and sowing environment
<p>Forest persistence in regions impacted by increasing water and temperature stress will depend upon species' ability to either rapidly adjust to novel conditions or migrate to track ecological niches. Predicted, rapid climate change is likely to outpace the adaptive and migratory capacity of long-lived isolated tree species, and reforestation may be critical to species' persistence. Facilitating persistence both within and beyond a species' range requires identification of seed lots best adapted to the current and future conditions predicted with rapid climate change. We evaluate variation in emergent seedling performance that leads to differential survival among species and populations for three high-elevation five-needle pines. We paired a fully reciprocal field common garden experiment with a greenhouse common garden study to a) quantify variation in seedling emergence and functional traits, b) ask how functional traits affect performance under different establishment conditions, and c) evaluate whether trait and performance variation demonstrates local adaptation and plasticity. Among study species – limber, Great Basin bristlecone, and whitebark pines – we found divergence in emergence and functional traits, though soil moisture was the strongest driver of seedling emergence and abundance across all species. Generalist limber pine had a clear emergence advantage as well as traits associated with drought adaptation, while edaphic specialist bristlecone pine was characterized by low emergence yet high early survival once established. Despite evidence for edaphic specialization, soil characteristics alone did not explain bristlecone success. Across species, trait-environment relationships provided some evidence for local adaptation in drought-adapted traits, but we found no evidence of local adaptation in emergence or survival at this early life stage. For managers looking to promote persistence, sourcing seed from drier environments is likely to impart greater drought resistance into reforestation efforts through strategies such as greater root investment, increasing the probability of early seedling survival. This research demonstrates, through a rigorous reciprocal transplant experimental design, that it may be possible to select climate- and soil-appropriate seed sources for reforestation. However, planting success will ultimately rely on a suitable establishment environment, requiring careful consideration of interannual climate variability for management interventions in these climate- and disturbance-impacted tree species.</p>
Reforestation of high elevation pines: Direct seeding success depends on seed source and sowing environment
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Where should they come from? Where should they go? Several measures of seed source locality fail to predict plant establishment in early prairie restorations
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Collection data and molecular datasets for: Defining species-specific seed sourcing strategies for restoration: An example of how to use genetic data to inform seed collections for multiple co-occurring species
<p>Two files for each dataset are provided:</p> <p>Metadata files contain colelcting information for the samples in each molecular dataset as well as the group assignments (species, genetic neighbourhood and sites) used in analyses, saved as an excel spreadsheet.</p> <p>Molecular datasets containing samples and SNPs used in analyses. The data is formatted as a genlight object saved as an RData file that can be read into the R statisical environment and analysed using the 'dartR' package (Gruber et al. 2018).</p>
Using genomics to guide seed-sourcing at the right taxonomical level for ecological restoration projects: the complex case of Carex bigelowii s.lat. in Norway
<p>There is a growing demand for ecological restoration using suitable seeds following international standards or national legal demands for local seed-sourcing. However, before selecting the appropriate geographic origin of seeds, it is vital to explore taxonomic complexity related to the focal taxa. We used ddRAD-seq to screen genomic diversity within <i>Carex bigelowii</i> s.lat. focussing on Norway. This species complex is considered a candidate for seeding, but presents considerable morphological, ecological, and genetic variation. The genetic structure of 132 individuals of <i>C</i>. <i>bigelowii</i> s.lat., including <i>C</i>. <i>nigra</i> as an outgroup, was explored using ordinations, clustering analyses, and a genetic barrier algorithm. Two highly divergent clusters were evident, supporting the recognition of two taxonomic units '<i>C</i>. <i>dacica</i>' and 'subsp. <i>bigelowii</i>'. Previously defined seed-sourcing regions for <i>C</i>. <i>bigelowii</i> s.lat. did not consider the known taxonomic complexity, and therefore interpreted the overall genetic structure as seed-sourcing regions, not taxa. We estimated genetic neighbourhood sizes within each taxon to be 100-150 km and 300 km, respectively, indicating species-specific delimitations of local seed-sourcing regions. Frequent hybrids, local genetic distinctiveness, and suggested ecotypes add complexity to the discussed seed-sourcing regions. Our results show how genomic screening of diversity and structure in a species complex can alleviate the taxonomic impediment, inform practical questions and legal requirements related to seed-sourcing, and together with traditional taxonomic work provide necessary information for a sound management of biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Canopy seed survival through extreme fire in non-serotinous conifers: An unexpected source of forest resilience
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Data from: Colonization of marginal host plants by Callosobruchus seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): effects of geographic source and genetic admixture
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Using genomics to guide seed-sourcing at the right taxonomical level for ecological restoration projects: the complex case of Carex bigelowii s.lat. in Norway
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Data from: Restoring dryland old fields with native shrubs and grasses: does facilitation and seed source matter?
Restoration of agricultural fields is challenging, especially in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. We conducted experiments in two fields in the Great Basin, USA, which differed in cultivation history and fertility. We tested the effects of different levels of functional diversity (planting grasses and shrubs together, vs. planting shrubs alone), seed source (cultivars, local or distant wild-collections), and irrigation regime (spring or fall and spring) on restoration outcomes. We sowed either: 1) grasses and shrubs in year one, 2) shrubs only, in year one, 3) grasses in year one with herbicide, shrubs in year two, or 4) shrubs alone in year two, after a year of herbicide. We irrigated for two years and monitored for three years. Shrub emergence was highest in the lower fertility field, where increasing functional diversity by seeding grasses had a neutral or facilitative effect on shrub emergence. In the higher fertility field, increasing functional diversity appeared to have a neutral to competitive effect. After declines in shrub densities after irrigation ceased, these effects did not persist. Grasses initially suppressed or had a neutral effect on weeds relative to an unseeded control, but had neutral or facilitative effects on weeds relative to shrub-only seeding. Initially, commercial grasses were either equivalent to or outperformed wild-collected grasses, but after irrigation ceased, commercial grasses were outperformed by wild-collected grasses in the higher fertility field. Local shrubs initially outperformed distant shrubs, but this effect did not persist. Fall and spring irrigation combined with local shrubs and wild-collected grasses was the most successful strategy in the higher fertility field, while in the lower fertility field, irrigation timing had fewer effects. Superior shrub emergence and higher grass persistence indicated that the use of wild and local seed sources is generally warranted, whereas the effects of functional diversity and irrigation regime were context-dependent. A bet-hedging approach that uses a variety of strategies may maximize the chances of restoration success.
Seeds as Potential Sources of Phenolic Compounds and Minerals for Indian population
<p>This is the supplementary information of the paper "Seeds as Potential Sources of Phenolic Compounds and Minerals for Indian population" submitted for publication to the journal "Molecules"</p>
Intraspecific functional trait structure of restoration-relevant species: implications for restoration seed sourcing
<ol> <li><span>Recent research has highlighted the existence of significant intraspecific trait variation within and among populations of plant species. This inherent variation within species means there is a wealth of trait diversity from which to source germplasm for use in ecological restoration. However, it remains unclear how to source materials from this pool of trait diversity in order to achieve desired outcomes and support ecosystem function in a restoration context.</span></li> <li> <span>We provide a framework to study the structure of trait variation across populations and genotypes in an effort to bridge functional trait research with the sourcing of native plant materials for restoration. We investigated the structure of intraspecific functional trait variation in three forb species used in restoration on the Colorado Plateau to (i) understand </span>the structure of functional trait variation within and among populations, and (ii) determine if individual and multivariate functional traits differ between populations while accounting for trait variation within and among genotypes.</li> <li><span>We found considerable functional trait variation at all sampling levels, with variation within populations often surpassing variation among populations. Still, we observed population-level differences in trait values in eight of the twelve species-by-trait combinations and populations largely segregated in multivariate trait space.</span></li> <li> <i><span>Synthesis and applications</span></i><span>. Using micropropagation techniques, we uncovered population-level differences in functional trait variation, suggesting that mixing populations to create restoration germplasm following a regional admixture provenancing approach could lead to increased functional diversity in restorations. However, the substantial trait variation identified within some populations of our study species also suggests a similar potential when utilizing genotypically diverse material from even a single population. Further research on these and other species is needed to understand the structure of intraspecific functional trait variation and how it impacts ecosystem function. The approach outlined in this study can assist researchers in assessing the underlying trait variation present in various restoration materials and provide managers with more detailed information that can help make germplasm sourcing decisions. </span> </li> </ol>
FIGURE 4 in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy
FIGURE 4. Seeds of Calycogonium apleurum, Calycogonium grisebachii, and Tetrazygia brachycentra. A–B. Calycogonium apleurum. C–D. Calycogonium grisebachii. E–F. Tetrazygia brachycentra. (scale bars A, C, E=100 µm; B=200 µm; D, F=10 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).
FIGURE 3. Seed Types III–V.Type III.A–B. Calycogonium angulatum.C–D. Calycogonium domatiatum.Type IV in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy
FIGURE 3. Seed Types III–V.Type III.A–B. Calycogonium angulatum.C–D. Calycogonium domatiatum.Type IV: E. Calycogonium saxicola. F. Tetrazygia lanceolata. G. Tetrazygia eleagnoides. H. Tetrazygia bicolor. Type V: I. Calycogonium pseudofloribundum. J. Calycogonium revolutum. K. Pachyanthus discolor, detail of testa. L. Calycogonium cocoense detail of testa. (scale bars A, C, E–G, =100 µm; I–J, =500 µm; B, D, K–L=10 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).
FIGURE 2 in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy
FIGURE 2. Seed Types IIa, IIb, III. Type IIa:A–B. Miconia baracoensis. C. Pachyanthus monocephalus. D. Calycogonium clidemiodes. Type IIb: E–G. Miconia uninervis. Type III: H.Calycogonium glabratum. I. Miconia moensis. J. Pachyanthus pedicellatus. K–L. Calycogonium rhamnoideum. (scale bars A, C–F, =500 µm; H–K= 100 µm; B,G, L=10 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).
FIGURE 1 in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy
FIGURE 1. Seed Types Ia, Ib.Type Ia: A. Calycogonium reticulatum. B. Clidemia cf. wrightii. C. Clidemia cf. barbeyana. D. Calycogonium heterophyllum, detail of testa. Type Ib: E. Calycogonium hispidulum. F–G. Calycogonium tetragonolobum. (scale bars A–C, E–G=100 µm; D=20 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).
Data from: Genotype x environment interaction obscures genetic sources of variation in seed size in Dithyrea californica but provides the opportunity for selection on phenotypic plasticity
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Data from: Seed dispersal by dispersing juvenile animals: a source of functional connectivity in fragmented landscapes
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Data from: Seed source impacts germination and early establishment of dominant grasses in prairie restorations
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