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110 results for “Seed traits”
Fruit, seed dispersal, and life history traits of tropical rainforest trees of the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India
<p>This dataset contains compiled Fruit, seed dispersal, and life history traits of tropical rainforest trees of the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India. The list of species included are mainly from the following two related publications:<br>- Muthuramkumar, S., Ayyappan, N., Parthasarathy, N., Mudappa, D., Raman, T.R.S., Selwyn, M.A. and Pragasan, L.A. (2006), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x">Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India</a>. <em>Biotropica</em>, 38: 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x<br>- Osuri, A., Chakravarthy, D., Mudappa, D., Raman, T., Ayyappan, N., Muthuramkumar, S., & Parthasarathy, N. (2017). <a href="http://httpd//doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219">Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India</a>. <em>Journal of Tropical Ecology</em>, 33(4), 270-284. doi:10.1017/S0266467417000219<br>The present dataset is an expanded and updated version of the related dataset available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn</a><br> <br>Species traits information was collated from <a href="http://www.biotik.org/">BIOTIK (http://www.biotik.org/</a>), <a href="http://www.flowersofindia.net/">Flowers of India (http://www.flowersofindia.net/)</a>, India Biodiversity Portal (http://indiabiodiversity.org/), <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1">Global wood density database (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1)</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219">Osuri et al. (2014): https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219</a>. We also referred to the following previous studies that provided information on the successional status of rain-forest species in the Western Ghats (Chetana 2013, Pascal 1988, Raman et al. 2009, Sreejith 2005).</p> <p><strong>References:</strong><br>CHETANA, H. C. 2013. Assessing the ecological processes in abandoned tea plantations and its implication for ecological restoration in the Western Ghats, India. PhD thesis, Manipal University.<br>OSURI, A. M., KUMAR, V. S. & SANKARAN, M. 2014. Altered stand structure and tree allometry reduce carbon storage in evergreen forest fragments in India’s Western Ghats. <em>Forest Ecology and Management </em>329: 375–383.<br>PASCAL, J. P. 1988. <em>Wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India: Ecology, structure, floristic composition and succession</em>. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Pondicherry.<br>RAMAN, T. R. S., MUDAPPA, D. & KAPOOR, V. 2009. Restoring rainforest fragments: survival of mixed-native species seedlings under contrasting site conditions in the Western Ghats, India. <em>Restoration Ecology</em> 17:137–147.<br>SREEJITH, K. A. 2005. Ecological and ecophysiological studies on the successional status of tree seedlings in tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of Kerala. PhD thesis, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.</p> <p><strong>Geographic Coverage:</strong><br>1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India<br>2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)</p> <p><strong>Temporal Coverage:</strong><br>1. Begins: 2003-03-01 (Year, Month, Day)<br>2. Ends: 2024-02-10 (Year, Month, Day)</p> <p>Besides the <strong>README.txt</strong> file, the dataset includes the following comma-delimited text (csv) file with the data in columns as explained below:</p> <p><strong>Anamalai_tree_traits_2024.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>spec_name_ORIG:</strong> Scientific name of the species used during the data collection<br><strong>genus:</strong> Genus of the taxon<br><strong>specificEpithet:</strong> Specific epithet of the taxon in the Latin binomial name<br><strong>Accept_name_WFO:</strong> Updated scientific name of the species as in Plants of the World Online (POWO, https://powo.science.kew.org/)<br><strong>Habit:</strong> life form of the species(tree/shrub/cane/palm)<br><strong>Distribution:</strong> Distribution of the species in the study area (Native/Endemic/Introduced)<br><strong>IUCN_status:</strong> IUCN status of the species (CR-Critically Endangered,DD-Data deficient,EN-Endangered,LC-Least Concern,NT-Near Threatened,VU-Vulnerable,NA-Unknown)<br><strong>Wden_final:</strong> Wood density value assigned for the species (g cm^-3); NA - not available; sourced from Global wood density database (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1)<br><strong>wd_level:</strong> Level in which the wood density value belongs (Species - wood density value is from species level; genus - wood density value assigned is the genus level average value)<br><strong>fruit_type:</strong> Morphological type of fruit<br><strong>fleshy_dry:</strong> Whether fruit is a dry fruit or fleshy, with aril or other parts <br><strong>seed_size:</strong> Species seed size: L = Large (>3 cm); M = Medium (1-3 cm); S = Small (<1 cm)<br><strong>disperser:</strong> Categories indicating seed dispersal mode: Bird, mammal, bird and mammal (Mammal_bird), gravity, wind, or unknown<br><strong>habitat:</strong> Habitat affinity category: EG_edg - evergreen forest edge; EG_for - evergreen forest; Dec_for - deciduous forest; Int – Introduced species; Unknown – Unknown<br><strong>habt_new:</strong> Habitat affinity new category: Mature – mature forest; Secondary – secondary forest, NA - unknown/Introduced species<br><strong>ad_ht:</strong> Species maximum adult height (m)</p>
Data from: defining the pyro-thermal niche: do seed traits, ecosystem type and phylogeny influence thermal thresholds in seeds with physical dormancy
<p>Seeds are a key pathway for plant population recovery following disturbance. To prevent germination during unsuitable conditions, most species produce dormant seeds. In fire-prone regions, physical dormancy (PY) enables seeds to germinate after fire. The thermal niche, incorporating seed dormancy and mortality temperature responses, has not been characterised for PY seeds from fire prone environments.</p> <p>We aimed to assess variation in thermal thresholds between species with PY seeds and if the pyro-thermal niche is aligned with seed mass, ecosystem type or phylogenetic relatedness.</p> <p>We collected post heat-shock germination data for 58 Australian species that produce PY seeds. We applied species-specific thermal performance curves to define three critical thresholds (DRT<sub>50, </sub>dormancy release temperature; T<sub>opt</sub>,<sub> </sub>optimum dormancy release temperature and LT<sub>50</sub>, lethal temperature), defining the pyro-thermal niche. Each species was assigned a mean seed weight and ecosystem type. We constructed a phylogeny to account for species relatedness and calculated phylogenetic signal (h<sup>2</sup>) for LT<sub>50,</sub> T<sub>opt</sub>, and<sub> </sub>DRT<sub>50</sub>.</p> <p>Seeds of <em>Pomaderris</em> (Rhamnaceae) had the highest T<sub>opt</sub> and LT<sub>50</sub>, and <em>Pomaderris bodalla</em> having the highest DRT<sub>50 </sub>of 101.3°C. Seeds from species within this family exhibited higher temperature thresholds than those from Fabaceae. Seed mass was only influential in explaining LT<sub>50 </sub>variation.</p>
Fig. 3 in Variation In Cone And Seed Morphology Traits Among The Mitochondrial Dna Haplotypes Of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.)
Fig. 3. Dependence of seed number per cone on cone length for the type A and type B mitotypes of Scots pine. Individual cone values are shown.
Fig. 3 in Morphological traits, allometric relationship and competition of two seed-feeding species of beetles in infested pods
Fig. 3. Negative allometry depicted by the slopes and their confidence intervals for the pronotum and elytron allometry (pronotum length and elytron length in relation to body weight) between infestation categories for both bruchine species. G1, low infestation (0–0.30% of attacked seeds); G2, medium infestation (0.31–0.60% of attacked seeds); G3, high infestation (0.61–0.90% of attacked seeds).
Fig. 1 in Morphological traits, allometric relationship and competition of two seed-feeding species of beetles in infested pods
Fig. 1. Variations in body weight, pronotum and elytron length between Merobruchus terani and Stator maculatopygus and for males and females. The analyses used a linear mixed model with a log-normal distribution and Tukey's pairwise comparison. MF, M. terani females; MM, M. terani males; SF, S.maculatopygus females; SM, S. maculatopygus males.
Simulated pollinator decline has similar effects on seed production of female and hermaphrodite Lobelia siphilitica, but different effects on selection on floral traits
<p><span>PREMISE:</span><span> Pollinator decline, by reducing seed production, is predicted to strengthen natural selection on floral traits. However, the effect of pollinator decline on gender dimorphic species (such as gynodioecious species, where plants produce female or hermaphrodite flowers) may differ between the sex morphs: if pollinator decline reduces the seed production of females more than hermaphrodites, then it should also have a larger effect on selection on floral traits in females than in hermaphrodites.</span></p> <p><span>RESULTS: </span><span>Experimentally reducing pollination decreased seed production of both females and hermaphrodites by ~21%. Reducing pollination also strengthened selection on floral traits, but this effect was not larger in females than in hermaphrodites. Instead, reducing pollination intensified selection for taller inflorescences in hermaphrodites, but did not intensify selection on any floral trait in females.</span></p> <p><span>CONCLUSIONS:</span><span> Our results suggest that pollinator decline will not have a larger effect on either seed production or selection on floral traits of female plants. As such, any effect of pollinator decline on seed production may be similar for gender dimorphic and monomorphic species. However, the potential for floral traits of females (and thus of gender dimorphic species) to evolve in response to pollinator decline could be limited.</span></p>
Data for: Local adaptation of seed and seedling traits along a natural aridity gradient may both predict and constrain adaptive responses to climate change
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Data from: Extreme fire severity interacts with seed traits to moderate post-fire species assemblages
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Data from: Defining the pyro-thermal niche: do seed traits, ecosystem type and phylogeny influence thermal thresholds in seeds with physical dormancy
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Simulated pollinator decline has similar effects on seed production of female and hermaphrodite Lobelia siphilitica, but different effects on selection on floral traits
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Independent evolutionary changes in fine-root traits among main clades during the diversification of seed plants
<p><b>Rationale</b>: Changes in fine-root morphology are typically associated with transitions from the ancestral arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) to the alternative ectomycorrhizal (ECM) or non-mycorrhizal (NM) associations. However, the modifications in root morphology may also coincide with new modifications in leaf hydraulics and growth habit during angiosperm diversification. These hypotheses have not been evaluated concurrently, which limits our understanding of the causes of fine-root evolution.</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: To explore the evolution of fine-root systems, we assembled a 600+ species database to reconstruct historical changes in seed plants over time. We utilize ancestral reconstruction approaches together with phylogenetically informed comparative analyses to test whether changes in fine-root traits were most strongly associated with mycorrhizal affiliation, leaf hydraulics or growth form.</p> <p><b>Key Results</b>: Our findings show significant shifts in root diameter, specific root length and root tissue density as angiosperms diversified, largely independent from leaf changes or mycorrhizal affiliation. Growth form was the only factor associated with fine-root traits in statistical models including mycorrhizal association and leaf venation, suggesting substantial modifications in fine-root morphology during transitions from woody to non-woody habits.</p> <p><b>Conclusion</b>: Divergences in fine-root systems were crucial in the evolution of seed plant lineages, with important implications for ecological processes in terrestrial ecosystems.</p>
Elevation filters seed traits and germination strategies in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Seeds are the colonizing propagules for many plants and may therefore contribute to the filtering of species during the process of colonization and community assembly. Environmental filtering of seed traits may occur among species and influence community composition, or within species and influence the environmental breadth that a given species inhabits. To test for evidence of such filtering of seed traits, we measured morphological and germination traits of seeds of 408 angiosperm species collected across an elevational gradient in the eastern Tibetan Plateau grasslands. We tested for elevational filtering of traits at the species level, as well as within 22 of those species that occurred at different elevations, in order to test whether within-species variation reflected among-species patterns. Elevational patterning occurred in both seed morphology and seed germination. Seeds were smaller, more elongated, and had a higher surface area:volume ratio and shorter germination times at higher elevation. Seed morphology was associated with germination such that more elongated and smaller seeds with a higher surface area:volume ratio germinated faster, leading to earlier germination in seeds from high elevation. Within species, elevational variation in seed traits was observed in several species, but species differed in how those traits were distributed across elevation. These results suggest that taxonomic differences in seed traits may contribute to elevational variation in the species composition of plant communities, but that seed traits may be variably selected by elevation within species.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
A large-scale assessment of plant dispersal mode and seed traits across human-modified Amazonian forests
1. Quantifying the impact of habitat disturbance on ecosystem function is critical for understanding and predicting the future of tropical forests. Many studies have examined post-disturbance changes in animal traits related to mutualistic interactions with plants, but the effect of disturbance on plant traits in diverse forests has received much less attention. 2. Focusing on two study regions in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, we used a trait-based approach to examine how seed dispersal functionality within tropical plant communities changes across a landscape-scale gradient of human modification, including both regenerating secondary forests and primary forests disturbed by burning and selective logging. 3. Surveys of 230 forest plots recorded 26,533 live stems from 846 tree species. Using herbarium material and literature, we compiled trait information for each tree species, focusing on dispersal mode and seed size. 4. Disturbance reduced tree diversity and increased the proportion of lower wood-density and smaller-seeded tree species in study plots. Unexpectedly, disturbance also increased the proportion of stems with seeds that are ingested by animals and reduced those dispersed by other mechanisms (e.g. wind). Older secondary forests had functionally similar plant communities to the most heavily disturbed primary forests. 5. <i>Synthesis</i>. Anthropogenic disturbance has major effects on the seed traits of tree communities, with implications for mutualistic interactions with animals. The higher importance of animal-mediated seed dispersal in disturbed and recovering forests highlights the importance of avoiding defaunation or promoting faunal recovery. The changes in mean seed width suggest larger vertebrates hold especially important functional roles in these human-modified forests. Monitoring fruit and seed traits can provide a valuable indicator of ecosystem condition, emphasising the importance of developing a comprehensive plant traits database for the Amazon and other biomes.
Data from: Water the odds? Spring rainfall and emergence-related seed traits drive plant recruitment
<p>Recruitment of new individuals from seed is a critical component of plant community assembly and reassembly, especially in the context of ecosystem disturbance and recovery. While frameworks typically aim to predict how communities will be filtered on the basis of traits influencing established plant responses to the environment, assembly from seed is more complex: the responses of seeds (affected by dormancy and germination function) and establishing plants (affected by root and leaf function) can both influence outcomes within a single growing season. This creates a potential role for a more diverse set seed and seedling traits, and for environmental variability on shorter timescales (e.g., seasonal versus annual dynamics), than are typically considered. We followed thousands of individual seeds comprising eleven herbaceous grassland species through the first growing season, seeking to uncover critical environmental (precipitation amount and timing) and trait-based filters on seedling emergence and survival in assembling communities. We saw the biggest recruitment limitation when seeds failed to emerge, driven independently by a dry spring and interspecific variation in seed mass (positive effect) and seed dormancy (negative effect). Seedling survival rates were higher than emergence, with weaker predictive roles for traits like seedling root mass allocation (positive effect) and seed mass (positive under spring drought), and lesser impacts of summer rainfall on soil moisture and survival. Interestingly, most trait relationships were not conditional on rainfall, suggesting water-independent mechanisms of their respective advantages. Although recruitment is a complex process, our findings suggest that trait-based assembly frameworks can be a useful way to anticipate outcomes, particularly if dynamic early-stage conditions (e.g., spring rainfall) and attributes (e.g., seed dormancy) receive greater attention. Given the importance of recruitment for community turnover in the context of global change and land management efforts, this is an area ripe for continued expansion in trait-based and applied ecology.</p>
Phenotypic and Genetic data for "Evolution of fruit and seed traits during almond naturalization"
<p>1- Cultivated plant species often naturalize and enter wild communities in a process known as feralization. To successfully feralize, crops must overcome ecological barriers and may undergo selection on certain traits, diverging phenotypically and genetically from their crop ancestors. In spite of the agronomic and ecological relevance of crop feralization, the eco-evolutionary dynamics driving it remain understudied.</p> <p>2- In this paper, we evaluated phenotypic and genotypic differentiation in fruit and seed traits during the naturalization of the almond tree (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) in SE Iberia and evaluated the potential role of natural selection in this process. To do so, we investigated patterns of genetic divergence between cultivated and feral populations using functional (the cyanogenesis Sk gene) and neutral (17 SSR loci) markers and analyzed morphological and biochemical traits in kernels of 342 individuals from 15 cultivated and 24 feral populations.</p> <p>3- We detected very little genetic differentiation in neutral markers between cultivated and feral populations. The majority of the observed genetic variation was due to differences within each type. Conversely, the recessive allele sk responsible for seed toxicity was significantly more frequent in feral populations. Phenotypic differentiation between cultivated and naturalized almond populations was also significant. Feral almond kernels were smaller and lighter, had denser and more resistant shells (endocarps) and more toxic seeds. Selection analyses indicated that these genetic and phenotypic patterns might be driven by directional selection on fruit and seed traits, potentially linked to defense against predation.</p> <p>4- Synthesis. Our findings indicate that almond naturalization is consistent with strong directional selection on fruits and seeds, leading to smaller and more toxic seeds encased in harder endocarps. Accordingly, we propose that feralization of this crop is, at least to some degree, driven by adaptive evolution of dispersal and recruitment traits.</p>
Seed traits of seed within spider monkey, howler monkey feces, and dung beetles' dung balls
<p>These data files contain seed traits from three sources, 1) seed traits from "Seeds of Amazonian Plants", 2) Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Seed Information Database, and 3) seeds dissected from field collections of primate feces and dung balls from dung beetles. The dataset was used in the article published in Biotropica entitled "<em>Seed size and pubescence facilitate secondary dispersal by dung beetles</em>". The data mostly describes seed traits of morphospecies within the feces of brown-headed spider monkeys (<em>Ateles fusciceps</em>) and mantled howler monkeys (<em>Alouatta palliata</em>). Traits included in the data set are size, surface, length, width, shape, color, and dispersal by mammals. </p>
Effects of warming temperatures on germination responses and trade-offs between seed traits in an alpine plant
<p>1. Climate warming may affect multiple aspects of plant life history, including important factors such as germination responses and the key trade-off between offspring size and number. As a case study to address these concepts, we used an alpine plant (waxy bluebell, <em>Wahlenbergia</em> <em>ceracea</em>; Campanulaceae) that shows plasticity to warming in seed traits and in which seed dormancy status regulates germination. We chose an alpine species because alpine environments are ecosystems particularly under threat by climate change.</p> <p>2. We conducted germination assays under cool and warm temperatures using seeds produced by individuals that were grown under historical (cooler) and future (warmer) temperature scenarios. We assessed the presence of a seed size vs number trade-off, and then examined the effects of seed number and size on germination percentage, the fractions of dormant and viable seeds, and germination velocity. Further, we examined whether warming during parental growth and during germination affected these relationships.</p> <p>3. We found evidence for a seed size vs number trade-off only under historical parental temperatures. Indeed, under future growth temperatures, parental plants produced fewer and smaller seeds and there was no evidence of a trade-off. However, the reductions in both seed traits under warming did not affect germination, despite correlations of seed size and number with germination traits. Warming increased germination, particularly of larger seeds, but overall it resulted in more than fourfold reductions in parental fitness.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our study shows the importance of growth conditions when evaluating the seed size vs number trade-off. Stressful conditions, such as warmer temperatures, can restrain the ability of plants to reach optimal investment in reproduction, masking the trade-off. By analysing responses across the whole life cycle, we show here an overall detrimental effect of warming, highlighting the potential risk of climate change for <em>W</em>. <em>ceracea</em>, and, potentially, for alpine plant communities more widely. </p>
Data from: Environmental conditions differently shape leaf, seed and seedling trait composition between and within elevations of tropical montane forests
<p>The composition of plant functional traits varies in response to environmental conditions due to processes of community assembly and species sorting. However, there is a lack of understanding of how plant trait composition responds to environmental conditions at different spatial scales and across the plant life cycle. We investigated the trait composition of leaves (specific leaf area), seeds (seed mass) and seedlings (initial seedling height) across elevations and within elevations in relation to soil and light conditions in a tropical montane forest in southern Ecuador. We surveyed traits and communities of adult trees, seeds and seedlings on nine plots at three elevations (1000-3000 m a.s.l.) and calculated community-weighted mean trait values to analyse trait variation across and within elevations. In addition, we measured two environmental factors (soil C/N ratio and canopy openness) to quantify local-scale variation in environmental conditions within elevations. We found that community-weighted means of specific leaf area, seed mass and initial seedling height decreased consistently with increasing elevation. Within elevations, mean trait values of trees, seeds and seedlings responded differently to local-scale environmental conditions. Specific leaf area decreased with increasing soil C/N ratio, and initial seedling height decreased with increasing canopy openness. Seed mass was associated neither with soil nor with light conditions. Our findings show that broad-scale and local-scale processes differently shape the composition of leaf, seed and seedling traits in tropical forests, indicating a scale-dependence in trait-environment associations. Furthermore, plant traits corresponding to different life stages were related differently to environmental conditions within elevations. Community assembly processes may therefore lead to differences in species sorting at early and late plant life stages.</p>
Fig. 5 in Variation In Cone And Seed Morphology Traits Among The Mitochondrial Dna Haplotypes Of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.)
Fig. 5. Distribution of the seed wing shape (%, units) between and within Scots pine mitotypes.
POST-FIRE-GERMINATIVE-RESPONSE,-FRUITS-AND-SEEDS-TRAITS-OF-SOME-SPECIES-OF-THE-TDF-IN-COLOMBIA
<p>In fire-prone ecosystems, certain plant species possess diaspores with morphological and physiological traits that enable them to persist and thrive following fire events. Postfire germination has been associated with various fruit and seed traits, including fruit lignification, seed size, seed weight and seed dormancy. However, the collective role and interactions of these traits in determining germination tolerance after wildfires remain unclear. We characterized ten key traits (fruit type and size (length and width), seed mass and size (length and width), dispersal mechanism, storage behavior, seed dormancy, and ecological guild) across eighteen species exhibiting three post-fire germination responses (tolerant, sensitive, and stimulated). Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between these traits. Our findings suggest practical implications for restoration and enrichment strategies in Colombian tropical dry forests by prioritizing species with protective fruits, dormant and orthodox seeds to increase the probability of sexual regeneration after fires, and to contribute to the functional diversity and resilience of these ecosystems.</p>
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