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33 results for “Seedling density”
Bonanza Creek LTER: Shrub, Seedling and Sapling Density from 1975 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska
This study is a survey of the density of tall shrubs, saplings, and seedlings at Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots. Densities have been measured at some sites since 1975 while others began in the mid 1980's. In 2006 methodology was changed in attempt to better capture the spatial variability of shrub and tree species within the research sites. The current method, presented here, uses a 2 meter wide transect along two site boundaries covering 220m2. All seedlings, saplings, and tall shrubs >1m (regardless of species) are counted by species and size class along the transect. The previous method used 4m2 circular plots at 20 points on a 10mx10m grid within the control plot for an area of 80m2. The circular method measured all seedlings, saplings, and a certain set of "tall shrubs", regardless of height. The height requirement creates an issue when comparing the old and new methods for early successional stands. For Alnus and Salix this is likely only a problem in the FP0 sites as they are the only sites with a high density of shrubs shorter than 1m. Shrub community changes at these early successional sites should be analyzed using percent cover data. At the later successional sites most Alnus and Salix shrubs are greater than 1m so the transect method likely does not underrepresent density. The metadata and raw data from the circular method can be found in <a href="http://www.lter.uaf.edu/data/data-detail/id/175"> Vegetation Plots of the Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots: Species Count (1975 - 2004) </a>.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Shrub, Seedling and Sapling Density from 1975 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/530/11. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This study is a survey of the density of tall shrubs, saplings, and seedlings at Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots. Densities have been measured at some sites since 1975 while others began in the mid 1980's. In 2006 methodology was changed in attempt to better capture the spatial variability of shrub and tree species within the research sites. The current method, presented here, uses a 2 meter wide transect along two site boundaries covering 220m2. All seedlings, saplings, and tall shrubs >1m (regardless of species) are counted by species and size class along the transect. The previous method used 4m2 circular plots at 20 points on a 10mx10m grid within the control plot for an area of 80m2. The circular method measured all seedlings, saplings, and a certain set of "tall shrubs", regardless of height. The height requirement creates an issue when comparing the old and new methods for early successional stands. For Alnus and Salix this is likely only a problem in the FP0 sites as they are the only sites with a high density of shrubs shorter than 1m. Shrub community changes at these early successional sites should be analyzed using percent cover data. At the later successional sites most Alnus and Salix shrubs are greater than 1m so the transect method likely does not underrepresent density. The metadata and raw data from the circular method can be found in <a href="http://www.lter.uaf.edu/data/data-detail/id/175"> Vegetation Plots of the Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots: Species Count (1975 - 2004) </a>.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Shrub, Seedling and Sapling Density from 1975 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/320/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/530/11. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This study is a survey of the density of tall shrubs, saplings, and seedlings at Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots. Densities have been measured at some sites since 1975 while others began in the mid 1980's. In 2006 methodology was changed in attempt to better capture the spatial variability of shrub and tree species within the research sites. The current method, presented here, uses a 2 meter wide transect along two site boundaries covering 220m2. All seedlings, saplings, and tall shrubs >1m (regardless of species) are counted by species and size class along the transect. The previous method used 4m2 circular plots at 20 points on a 10mx10m grid within the control plot for an area of 80m2. The circular method measured all seedlings, saplings, and a certain set of "tall shrubs", regardless of height. The height requirement creates an issue when comparing the old and new methods for early successional stands. For Alnus and Salix this is likely only a problem in the FP0 sites as they are the only sites with a high density of shrubs shorter than 1m. Shrub community changes at these early successional sites should be analyzed using percent cover data. At the later successional sites most Alnus and Salix shrubs are greater than 1m so the transect method likely does not underrepresent density. The metadata and raw data from the circular method can be found in <a href="http://www.lter.uaf.edu/data/data-detail/id/175"> Vegetation Plots of the Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plo
Root phytohormone levels of mangrove seedlings grown in soils of low and high bulk density
<p>These data contain information on root traits and concentrations of multiple hormones in root tissue of two mangrove species grown under low and high soil bulk density conditions. Inhibitors were used to assess the role of the phytohormone ethylene.</p> <h2>Description of the data and file structure</h2> <p>The root trait file contains total root length (cm), mean root length (cm), root dry weight (g), and root number data for two mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa) grown under two different soil bulk densities: 0.2 and 1.0 g cm^-3. Treatment refers to the application of ethylene inhibitors (CoCl2: cobalt chloride, AIB: aminoisobutyric acid, control).</p> <p>The phytohormone file contains the root tissue concentrations (all in ng g^-1) for multiple hormones (ABA: abscisic acid, ACC: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, GAx: gibberellins, IAA: indole-3-acetic acid, iP: isopentenyl adenine, JA: jasmonic acid, SA: salicylic acid, tZ: cytokinin <em>trans</em>-zeatin) of two mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa) grown under two different soil bulk densities: 0.2 and 1.0 g cm^-3. Treatment refers to the application of ethylene inhibitors (CoCl2: cobalt chloride, AIB: aminoisobutyric acid, control).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Alaska 2004 Burns: Densities of tree seedlings after fire; measured in 2006, 2008, 2011, and 2017 by Joint Fire Science Program
This dataset contains counts and densities of tree seedlings that established naturally in the years after the 2004 burns in interior Alaska. Records are from a network of 90 sites established in 2005 along the Steese, Taylor, and Dalton highways as part of a Joint Fire Science Project. Counts are reported here for sample years in 2006, 2008, 2011, and 2017.
Dalton and Nenana study site data including: invasive plant density estimates, invasive plant density, soil data, seedling estimates for dominant tree species and ground cover estimates for sites
This dataset contains invasive plant and stand level data for study sites along the Dalton and Parks highways in interior Alaska in the summer of 2012. Study sites were situated in burned and mature black spruce forests to compare invasive plant colonization patterns. Invasive plant density estimates along the road adjacent to each site are included, as well as invasive plant density within study sites. Other data includes ground cover estimates for dominant ground cover types, estimates of seedling abundance for dominant tree species, soil paramters (mineral soil pH and mineral soil moisture, residual organic layer/ organic layer depths, and active layer depths).
Seedling regeneration density on southern pine beetle and non-southern pine beetle impacted permanent plots in Coweeta white pine watershed 1 from 2001 to 2003
Seedling density was compared between beetle-impacted and non-beetle-impacted white pine plots on watershed 1.
Tree seedling densities across an elevation and moisture gradient from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1996 to 1999
First year seedling densities of all woody perennials (trees, vines, shrubs) were censused across five permanent vegetation plots to compare spatial distributions with adult trees, seed densities and seed bank densities.
Data from: Negative density dependence in the mortality and growth of tropical tree seedlings is strong, and primarily caused by fungal pathogens
<ol> <li class="Body">Natural enemies have been implicated as agents of negative density dependence (NDD) in tropical forests, but their relative contributions to NDD, and thus to the maintenance of diversity, are largely unknown.</li> <li class="Body">We monitored the rates of survival and relative growth rates on seedlings for ten years in tropical moist forest in Manu National Park, Peru. We then experimentally manipulated the plots to exclude fungal pathogens, insects, small mammals, and large mammals for an additional 31 months to assess the influence of these natural enemies on density-dependent interactions among tropical seedlings.</li> <li class="Body">Fungal pathogens made the most important contribution to negative density dependence. The application of fungicide led to lower mortality rates, faster growth rates, and decreased species diversity. Other taxa of natural enemies had at most minor effects on seedling performance.</li> <li class="Body"> <i>Synthesis. </i>We conclude that fungal pathogens are the strongest contributors to the widely observed NDD that occurs among seedlings. Moreover, the presence of fungal pathogens augments the species diversity of seedlings, indicating their critical contribution to the maintenance of species coexistence and the structure of tropical tree communities.</li> </ol>
Effects of tree species diversity and conspecific seedling density on insect herbivory and pathogen infection on big-leaf mahogany seedlings
<p>The Janzen-Connell Hypothesis (JCH) predicts that attack by specialist enemies on seedlings increases with conspecific seedling density, but studies have rarely experimentally tested for the contingency of such effects on tree community context (e.g., diversity, composition) and measured responses by different enemies (e.g. herbivores, pathogens). We conducted a field study in a large-scale system evaluating tree species diversity and conspecific density effects on leaf damage on mahogany (<em>Swietenia macrophylla</em>) seedlings. We established quadrats of eight levels of seedling density across mahogany tree monocultures and species polycultures including mahogany, and recorded percent leaf damage by insects and percent leaf necrosis by a pathogenic fungus on mahogany seedlings. We found contrasting effects of tree species diversity on insects and pathogens. Whereas diversity did not affect leaf damage by insects, it had a significant negative effect on leaf necrosis by pathogens. On average, percent leaf necrosis on mahogany seedlings in polyculture was half of that observed in monoculture. We discuss the potential influences of changes in mahogany tree density vs. frequency (relative to other tree species) driving this diversity effect. Unexpectedly, we found no effect of seedling conspecific density on either leaf insect or pathogen damage (i.e., density-independent attack). Likewise, we found no significant tree diversity by seedling density interaction, indicating that attackers were consistently unresponsive to variation in seedling density across two levels of tree diversity. Overall, this study provides a unique test of the JCH by experimentally evaluating seedling density and tree diversity effects on contrasting plant enemies, shedding light on enemy controls over plant recruitment.</p>
Data from: Negative density dependence in the mortality and growth of tropical tree seedlings is strong, and primarily caused by fungal pathogens
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Data from: Individual-level trait variation and negative density dependence affects growth in tropical tree seedlings
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Effects of tree species diversity and conspecific seedling density on insect herbivory and pathogen infection on big-leaf mahogany seedlings
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Can environmental flows moderate riparian invasions? The influence of seedling morphology and density on scour losses in experimental floods
Predicting plant mortality during floods remains a key area of uncertainty for both river managers and ecologists, particularly how flood hydraulics and sediment dynamics interact with the plants’ own traits to influence their vulnerability to scour and burial. The three datasets in this archive were collected from a series of flume experiments that took place at the University of California, Berkeley’s Richmond Field Station. The flume experiments are part of a larger study, funded by NSF (EAR#1024820) that quantified reciprocal effects and feedbacks between riparian seedlings and river morphodynamics, using sand-bed rivers in the U.S. Southwest as the reference system. To quantify different plant species’ vulnerability to flooding across a range of plant sizes, patch densities, and sediment condition (equilibrium transport versus sediment deficit), we ran 10 experimental floods using live seedlings of cottonwood and tamarisk, which have contrasting morphologies. The three datasets include: 1. Plant responses (dislodgement or burial) to the experimental floods and plant size (e.g. stem height, root length, and dry weight) for all plants tested during the flume runs (N = 484, comprising 326 cottonwood and 158 tamarisk); 2. Plant morphological traits (e.g. frontal area, bending force, and root diameter) for a random subset of seedlings (n = 90, comprising 47 cottonwood and 43 tamarisk); and 3. Frontal area density for the same seedling subset.
Seedling density: The Effect of Seed Addition on Biodiversity in an Oak Savanna
This experiment was established in an unfenced area of field D in the spring of 1991. There are 10 replicates of each of 5 treatments, making a total of 50 plots. Each plot is 1.5m x 1.5m with 1.0m aisles between the plots. The 50 plots were randomly assigned their treatments. Seeds were added to the plots in June of 1991 according to the following treatments: A. Complete Control B. Raked Control C. Forb Seed Added D. Grass Seed Added E. Forb and Grass Seed Added The number of grass and forb seedlings, in the center square meter, were counted in late July and late August of 1991. Percent cover estimates were done, also in the center square meter, of the established plants alone in late July and then, of the established plants and the seedlings together, in late August. Percent cover estimates will continue to be done on an annual basis. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte91.
Seedling density: Soil Heterogeneity and Plant Diversity in an Oak Savanna
This experiment was established in field D in August of 1991. There are 30, 2m x 2m plots. These plots are in prairie openings in unmanipulated natural vegetation. They were placed in a haphazard manner, being about 20m apart within an opening. Each plot was divided into 16, 0.5m x 0.5m subplots. Percent cover estimates of vegetation are done in September for each of the sixteen subplots in each of the 30 plots.
Data from: Linking songbird nest predation to seedling density: sugar maple masting as a resource pulse in a forest food web
The ecological literature presents considerable evidence for top-down forcing on the maintenance of species diversity. Yet, in temperate forests, bottom-up forces often exert a strong influence on ecosystem functioning. Here, we report on the indirect influence of a pulsed resource, sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seed production, on nest survival in a migratory songbird. We hypothesized that seed production in year t would determine daily nest survival rate in year t + 1 through its effects on seed-eating rodents. We used the density of sugar maple seedlings (with cotyledons) in year t + 1 as a proxy for seed production in year t and predicted that it would be inversely related to songbird nest survival the same year. We estimated the density of sugar maple seedlings, eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) activity, and daily nest survival rate in the ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) over four successive years in a northern hardwood forest of New Brunswick, Canada. Seedling density varied by two orders of magnitude between years, whereas an index of chipmunk activity changed by an order of magnitude. Both variables were positively correlated and negatively correlated to daily nest survival rate. A logistic-exposure model including only seedling density received the greatest level of support (lowest AICc). Previous studies have reported the effect of sugar maple masting on seed-eating rodent populations, but the strong link we report between seedling density and songbird nest survival is novel. A nocturnal seed-eating nest predator, deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), was not considered in our models, which may explain why chipmunk was not the best predictor of daily nest survival rate. The trophic linkages we observed are remarkably strong for a temperate forest ecosystem and might become more prevalent in northeastern North America, at least on calcium-rich soils, with the loss of large-diameter beech trees as a result of beech bark disease.
RiGaD: An aerial dataset of rice seedlings for assessing germination rates and density
<p><span>The dataset contains 5,364 images of rice seedlings with a combined size of 35 MB. These images are organized in three folders: single rice seed plants (1367 images), clustered rice seed plants (1437 images), and undefined objects (2560 images)</span></p>
Data from: The effect of conspecific density, herbivory, and bamboo on seedling dynamics of a dominant oak in a neotropical highland forest
Conspecific negative density-dependence (CNDD) is one of the main mechanisms influencing diversity maintenance in tropical forests. Tropical highland forests, in contrast to most lowland forests, are commonly dominated by a few tree species, and testing the importance of density dependence effects on seedling establishment of dominant trees may provide insights on the mechanisms regulating population dynamics and forest composition of tropical highlands. We tested the effect of CNDD regulation on seedling survival and recruitment of Quercus costaricensis, a monodominant oak in the Talamanca highland forests of Costa Rica. We used Ripley's K and generalized linear mixed models to test the effects of conspecific density, distance to the nearest adult, density of Chusquea bamboo shoots, and herbivory on the annual survival probability of 3579 seedlings between 2014 and 2017. We did not find a significant effect of CNDD on seedling survival. However, bamboo density and herbivory both significantly decreased oak seedling survival. All seedlings had signs of herbivory and predator satiation may explain the lack of density dependent regulation in seedlings of this species. We argue that the lack of intraspecific density regulation at the seedling stage may contribute to explain the dominance of Q. costaricensis in the highland forests of Costa Rica. Local seedling dynamics of this endemic oak are instead regulated by herbivory and the density of Chusquea.
Data from: Linking songbird nest predation to seedling density: sugar maple masting as a resource pulse in a forest food web
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