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37 results for “Seedling recruitment”
Overwintering Fires from 2009-2010 Burns near Fairbanks, Alaska: Post-fire Seedling Recruitment Collected 2023
This dataset contains data from adjacent overwintering and single-season burn sites. For the overwintering fires, we targeted locations that had burned in the summers of 2009, smouldered through the winter months, and reignited in 2010. Adjacent to these overwintering sites, we identified single-season burn sites from within portions of the 2009 fires that were unaffected by overwintering. A total of seven overwintering fire sites and four single-season fire sites were sampled. Within each site, three plots were established. Data inlcudes within plot measurments of post-fire seedling composition and density, residual SOL, burn depth estimated by black spruce adventitious roots, thaw depth, and pre-fire tree species composition and estimates of combustion. This is one of three packages from this project; this one contains the seedling recruitment data.
Seedling recruitment in artificial gaps
We examined the role of both intermediate-sized gaps and a dense shrub layer on subsequent tree seedling recruitment in a southern Appalachian deciduous forest. We monitored the density of tree seedlings in twelve artificial gaps and adjacent canopy controls under two contrasting understory conditions. Half of the experimental gaps were dominated by the dense, shade-producing shrub, Rhododendron maximum, while the remaining gaps were relatively open. Canopy gaps 20 m in diameter were created by girdling canopy trees, leaving standing dead trees with minimal disturbance to the understory. Density of first-year and first-year seedlings was monitored in transects extending from adjacent undisturbed forest through the experimental gaps.
Probing the mechanisms by which sub-canopy evergreen shrubs inhibit tree seedling recruitment at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1999 to 2003
Two hundred 2x2 meter plots along transects and traversing 3 understory conditions; rhododendron, kalmia, open. Light conditions will be assessed for each plot and the extreme 50% will be used for experimentation. All plots will be planted to a combination of northern red oak, chestnut oak, red maple, and pitch pine. Inoculated (with mychorrizae) and non-inoculated seedlings will be planted in the plots. Relationships between performance and mychorrizal infection will be determined.
Data from: Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
In Low Arctic tundra, thermal erosion of ice-rich permafrost soils (thermokarst) has increased in frequency since the 1980s. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are thermokarst disturbances forming large open depressions on hillslopes through soil wasting and vegetation displacement. Tall (> 0.5 m) deciduous shrubs have been observed in RTS a decade after disturbance. RTS may provide conditions suitable for seedling recruitment, which may contribute to arctic shrub expansion. We quantified in situ seedling abundance, and size and viability of soil seedbanks in greenhouse trials for two RTS chronosequences near lakes on Alaska's North Slope. We hypothesized recent RTS provide microsites for greater recruitment than mature RTS or undisturbed tundra. We also hypothesized soil seedbanks demonstrate quantity-quality trade-offs: younger seedbanks contain smaller numbers of mostly viable seed that decrease in viability as seed accumulates over time. We found five times as many seedlings in younger RTS as in older RTS, including birch and willow, and no seedlings in undisturbed tundra. Higher seedling counts were associated with bare soil, warmer soils, higher soil available nitrogen, and less plant cover. Seedbank viability was unrelated to size. Older seedbanks were larger at one chronosequence, with no difference in percent germination. At the other chronosequence, germination was lower from older seedbanks but seedbank size was not different. Seedbank germination was positively associated with in situ seedling abundance at one RTS chronosequence, suggesting post-disturbance revegetation from seedbanks. Thermal erosion may be important for recruitment in tundra by providing bare microsites that are warmer, more nutrient rich, and less vegetated than in undisturbed conditions. Differences between two chronosequences in seedbank size, viability, and species composition suggest disturbance interacts with local conditions to form seedbanks. RTS may act as seedling nurseries to benefit many arctic species as climate changes, particularly those that do not produce persistent seed.
Seedling recruitment and sapling bank dynamics on fluvial deposits in a temperate montane riparian forest.
<p>This is a dataset of Seedling recruitment and sapling bank dynamics on fluvial deposits in a temperate montane riparian forest.</p> <p>The followings are details of each file.</p> <p><strong>Saplings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot_x</code> Factor. X coordinates of plots.</li> <li><code>Plot_y</code> Factor. Y coordinates of plots.</li> <li><code>x</code> Integer. X coordinates in plots.</li> <li><code>y</code> Integer. Y coordinates in plots.</li> <li><code>Substrate</code> Factor. Established substrates. NA means that it was not recorded.</li> <li><code>stemID</code> Character. The ID of individual trees.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family name of the species.</li> <li><code>Heightyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical heights of trees (cm) in yyyy. Height2007ad is the heights after disturbance in 2007.</li> <li><code>Lengthyyyy</code> Numeric. Length of trees (cm) in yyyy. Length2007ad is the length after disturbance in 2007.</li> <li><code>DBH1_yyyy</code>, <code>DBH2_yyyy</code> Numeric. Diameter at breast height (mm) in yyyy. DBH1 and DBH2 were measured to cross at right angles.</li> <li><code>Noteyyyy</code> Character. Comments in yyyy.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot</code> Factor. The plot ID.</li> <li><code>ID</code> Character. The individual ID.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family names of species.</li> <li><code>Hyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical height of trees (cm) in yyyy.</li> <li><code>Ageyyyy</code> Numeric. The years of trees (cm) in yyyy.</li> <li><code>noteyyyy</code> Character. Comment in yyyy.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Map_FluvialDeposits.pdf</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>p. 1</code>: The overall picture of the positional relations between each gap.</li> <li><code>p. 2</code>: The details of seedling quadrats.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Metadata_Saplings_inFluvialDeposits.txt</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>Saplings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p>
Data from: Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
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Data from: Seedling recruitment correlates with seed input across seed sizes: implications for coexistence
Understanding controls on recruitment is critical to predicting community assembly, diversity and coexistence. Theory posits that at mean fecundity, recruitment of highly fecund small-seeded plants should be primarily microsite limited, which is indicated by a saturating recruitment function. In contrast, species that produce fewer large seeds are more likely to be seed-limited, which is characterized by a linear recruitment function. If these patterns hold in nature, seed predation that disproportionately affects larger-seeded species can limit their establishment. We tested these predictions by comparing recruitment functions among 16 co-occurring perennial forb species that vary by over two orders of magnitude in seed size. We also assessed how post-dispersal seed predation by mice influenced recruitment. We added seeds at densities from zero to three times natural fecundity of each species to undisturbed plots and examined spatial variation in recruitment by conducting experiments across ten grassland sites that varied in productivity and resource availability. Consistent across two replicated years, most species had linear recruitment functions across the range of added seed densities, indicative of seed-limited recruitment. Depending on year, the recruitment functions of only 19-37% of target species saturated near their average fecundity, and this was not associated with seed size. Recruitment was strongly inhibited by rodent seed predation for large-seeded species but not for smaller-seeded species. Proportional recruitment was more sensitive to spatial variation in recruitment conditions across sites for some small-seeded species than for large-seeded species. These results contradict the common belief that highly fecund small-seeded species suffer from microsite-limited recruitment. Rather, they imply that, at least episodically, recruitment can be strongly correlated to plant fecundity. However, proportional recruitment of small-seeded species was inhibited at productive sites to a greater extent than large-seeded species. Results also show that in a system where the dominant granivore prefers larger seeds, low-fecundity large-seeded species can suffer from even greater seed-limited recruitment than would occur in the absence of predators.
Data from: Functional traits, not productivity, predict openness to seedling recruitment in alpine plant communities under climatic warming
Understanding the degree to which plant communities are open to seedling recruitment is key to predicting how they will be impacted by climate change. We experimentally assessed whether communities assembled under colder climates were inherently more open to recruitment than warmer-climate communities, after controlling for differences in the current climate under which the communities were growing. We then tested whether variation in openness to recruitment could be explained by community biomass or by the plant functional traits of the community. The study was conducted in a climate grid of twelve grassland sites across southern Norway, differing systematically in temperature and precipitation. Along a 2000 mm precipitation gradient, we transplanted turfs with intact plant communities from alpine and sub-alpine sites into 2℃ warmer sites, and measured natural seedling emergence in these transplanted turfs vs. locally replanted control turfs at the transplant destination sites. Mixed effect models were used to assess the effect of origin (cold vs warm climate), biomass, and functional trait composition of the communities on seedling emergence. We further assessed variation in these effects across different climatic contexts (the temperature and precipitation gradients). Communities originating from colder climates were consistently more open to recruitment, with on average 44% more seedlings emerging, than the locally replanted control communities. The higher rates of seedling emergence in colder-climate communities were attributable to systematic differences in plant functional traits, but not in biomass. The colder-climate communities were composed of species with smaller leaves and lower maximum plant heights; traits that may make these communities less effective at excluding new recruits. These trait-related responses were not significant in the warmest sites and did not very across the precipitation gradient. Our results suggest that alpine species lack the competitive effect traits required to make their communities resistant to invasion by novel competitors under climate change.
Data from: Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy-fruited tree
<p><span>The animal dispersal hypothesis predicts that mast seeding can increase dispersal rate of seeds by dispersers and enhance reproductive success of plants. However, in contrast to pollination efficiency and predator satiation hypothesis, the animal dispersal hypothesis has received mixed support. </span></p> <p><span>Using 12-year data on fruit production and seedling recruitment of a fleshy-fruited tree rowan (<em>Sorbus aucuparia</em>, Rosaceae), we tested if an increase in the fruit production at the population level results in higher proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. Recruitment was recorded near (under rowans) and far (under heterospecifics) from conspecifics. Higher recruitment rates under rowans would support predator satiation hypothesis. Higher recruitment rates under heterospecific trees, where fruits can only arrive with animal assistance, would support animal dispersal hypothesis.</span></p> <p><span>High population-level fruit production increased the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings both near and far from rowans. In contrast, high individual-level fruit production did not have a positive effect on the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. Population-level synchronization of fruit production is required to generate a more effective plant regeneration. Our findings show that masting enhances seedling recruitment through predator satiation and increased seed dispersal by frugivores. The results provide support for both animal dispersal and predator satiation hypotheses indicating that both mechanisms can operate simultaneously.</span></p>
Data from: Seedling recruitment correlates with seed input across seed sizes: implications for coexistence
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Functional traits, not productivity, predict openness to seedling recruitment in alpine plant communities under climatic warming
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Variation of seedling recruitment in wet meadow species over six years: positive effects of mowing and negative effects of fertilization
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Reconsidering warming effects on seedling recruitment in Tibetan plateau's alpine meadows via Open-Top chamber experiments
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Data from: Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy-fruited tree
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Herbivores reduce seedling recruitment in alpine plant communities
<p>Through changes in climate and other environmental factors, alpine tundra ecosystems are subject to increased cover of erect shrubs, reduced predictability of rodent dynamics, and changes in wild and domesticated herbivore densities. To predict the dynamics of these ecosystems, we need to understand how these simultaneous changes affect alpine vegetation. In the long term, vegetation dynamics may depend critically on seedling recruitment. To study drivers of alpine plant seedling recruitment, we set up a field experiment where we manipulated the opportunity for plant-plant interactions through vegetation removal and introduction of willow transplants, the occurrence of herbivory through caging of plots, and then sowed 14 species into the plots. We replicated the experiment in three common alpine vegetation types (heath, meadow, and willow shrub) and recorded seedling emergence and survival over five years. Strong effects of vegetation removal and substantial differences in recruitment among dominant vegetation types suggested important effects of local vegetation on the recruitment success of vascular-plant seedlings. Similarly, herbivore exclusion had strong positive effects on recruitment success. This effect arose primarily via reduced seedling mortality in plots from which herbivores had been experimentally excluded and became noticeably stronger over time. In contrast, we detected no consistent effects of experimental willow shrub introduction on seedling recruitment. These results demonstrate that large and small herbivores can affect alpine plant seedling recruitment negatively by trampling and feeding on seedlings. Importantly, the effects became stronger over time, suggesting that effects of herbivory on seedling recruitment accumulates over time and may relate to recruitment phases beyond initial seedling emergence.</p>
Data from: Limitation of seedling growth by potassium and magnesium supply for two ectomycorrhizal tree species of a Central African rain forest and its implication for their recruitment
In the ectomycorrhizal caesalpiniaceous groves of southern Korup National Park, the dominant tree species, Microberlinia bisulcata, displays very poor in situ recruitment compared with its codominant, Tetraberlinia bifoliolata. The reported ex situ experiment tested whether availabilities of soil potassium and magnesium play a role. Seedlings of the two species received applications of K and Mg fertilizer in potted native soil in a local shade house, and their responses in terms of growth and nutrient concentrations were recorded over 2 years. Amended soil concentrations were also determined. Microberlinia responded strongly and positively in its growth to Mg, but less to K; Tetraberlinia responded weakly to both. Added Mg led to strongly increased Mg concentration for Microberlinia while added K changed that concentration only slightly; Tetraberlinia strongly increased its concentration of K with added K, but only somewhat its Mg concentration with added Mg. Additions of Mg and K had small but important antagonistic effects. Microberlinia is Mg-demanding and apparently Mg-limited in Korup soil; Tetraberlinia, whilst K-demanding, appeared not to be K-limited (for growth). Added K enhanced plant P concentrations of both species. Extra applied Mg may also be alleviating soil aluminum toxicity, and hence improving growth indirectly and especially to the benefit of Microberlinia. Mg appears to be essential for Microberlinia seedling growth and its low soil availability in grove soils at Korup may be an important contributing factor to its poor recruitment. Microberlinia is highly shade-intolerant and strongly light-responding, whilst Tetraberlinia is more shade-tolerant and moderately light-responding, which affords an interesting contrast with respect to their differing responses to Mg supply. The study revealed novel aspects of functional traits and likely niche-partitioning among ectomycorrhizal caesalps in African rain forests. Identifying the direct and interacting indirect effects of essential elements on tropical tree seedling growth presents a considerable challenge due the complex nexus of causes involved.
Data from: The value of trophic interactions for ecosystem function: dung beetle communities influence seed burial and seedling recruitment in tropical forests
Anthropogenic activities are causing species extinctions, raising concerns about the consequences of changing biological communities for ecosystem functioning. To address this, we investigated how dung beetle communities influence seed burial and seedling recruitment in the Brazilian Amazon. First, we conducted a burial and retrieval experiment using seed mimics. We found that dung beetle biomass had a stronger positive effect on the burial of large than small beads, suggesting that anthropogenic reductions in large-bodied beetles will have the greatest effect on the secondary dispersal of large-seeded plant species. Second, we established mesocosm experiments in which dung beetle communities buried Myrciaria dubia seeds to examine plant emergence and survival. Contrary to expectations, we found that beetle diversity and biomass negatively influenced seedling emergence, but positively affected the survival of seedlings that emerged. Finally, we conducted germination trials to establish the optimum burial depth of experimental seeds, revealing a negative relationship between burial depth and seedling emergence success. Our results provide novel evidence that seed burial by dung beetles may be detrimental for the emergence of some seed species. However, we also detected positive impacts of beetle activity on seedling recruitment, which are probably because of their influence on soil properties. Overall, this study provides new evidence that anthropogenic impacts on dung beetle communities could influence the structure of tropical forests; in particular, their capacity to regenerate and continue to provide valuable functions and services.
Data from: Multiple stages of tree seedling recruitment are altered in tropical forests degraded by selective logging
Tropical forest degradation is a global environmental issue. In degraded forests, seedling recruitment of canopy trees is vital for forest regeneration and recovery. We investigated how selective logging, a pervasive driver of tropical forest degradation, impacts canopy tree seedling recruitment, focusing on an endemic dipterocarp Dryobalanops lanceolata in Sabah, Borneo. During a mast-fruiting event in intensively logged and nearby unlogged forest, we examined four stages of the seedling recruitment process: seed production, seed predation, and negative density-dependent germination and seedling survival. Our results suggest that each stage of the seedling recruitment process is altered in logged forest. The seed crop of D. lanceolata trees in logged forest was one-third smaller than that produced by trees in unlogged forest. The functional role of vertebrates in seed predation increased in logged forest while that of non-vertebrates declined. Seeds in logged forest were less likely to germinate than those in unlogged forest. Germination increased with local-scale conspecific seed density in unlogged forest, but seedling survival tended to decline. However, both germination and seedling survival increased with local-scale conspecific seed density in logged forest. Notably, seed crop size, germination and seedling survival tended to increase for larger trees in both unlogged and logged forests, suggesting that sustainable timber extraction and silvicultural practices designed to minimize damage to the residual stand are important to prevent seedling recruitment failure. Overall, these impacts sustained by several aspects of seedling recruitment in a mast-fruiting year suggest that intensive selective logging may affect long-term population dynamics of D. lanceolata. It is necessary to establish if other dipterocarp species, many of which are threatened by the timber trade, are similarly affected in tropical forests degraded by intensive selective logging.
Data from: The interplay among acorn abundance and rodent behavior drives the spatial pattern of seedling recruitment in mature Mediterranean oak forests
The patterns of seedling recruitment in animal-dispersed plants result from the interactions among environmental and behavioral variables. However, we know little on the contribution and combined effect of both kinds of variables. We designed a field study to assess the interplay between environment (vegetation structure, seed abundance, rodent abundance) and behavior (seed dispersal and predation by rodents, and rooting by wild boars), and their contribution to the spatial patterns of seedling recruitment in a Mediterranean mixed-oak forest. In a spatially explicit design, we monitored intensively all environmental and behavioral variables in fixed points at a small spatial scale from autumn to spring, as well as seedling emergence and survival. Our results revealed that the spatial patterns of seedling emergence were strongly related to acorn availability on the ground, but not by a facilitationeffect of vegetation cover. Rodents changed seed shadows generated by mother trees by dispersing most seeds from shrubby to open areas, but the spatial patterns of acorn dispersal/predation had no direct effect on recruitment. By contrast, rodents had a strong impact on recruitment as pilferers of cached seeds. Rooting by wild boars also reduced recruitment by reducing seed abundance, but also by changing rodent's behavior towards higher consumption of acorns in situ. Hence, seed abundance and the foraging behavior of scatter-hoarding rodents and wild boars are driving the spatial patterns of seedling recruitment in this mature oak forest, rather than vegetation features. The contribution of vegetation to seedling recruitment (e.g. facilitation by shrubs) may be context dependent, having a little role in closed forests, or being overridden by directed seed dispersal from shrubby to open areas. We warn about the need of using broad approaches that consider the combined action of environment and behavior to improve our knowledge on the dynamics of natural regeneration in forests.
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