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28 results for “Serpula”
Fig. 9. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Serpula columbiana. A in The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview
Fig. 9. Serpulids from United States fouling plates. Serpula columbiana. A. Operculum, from Ketchikan Bay, Alaska (SERC-81981). B. Operculum, adult from San Diego, California (LACMNH-Poly4928);. – Spirobranchus kraussii. C-D. Operculum and tube fragment, from Oahu, Hawaii (SERC-114603). E. Colony, from Natal, South Africa (LACMNH-N5217). – S. minutus. F. Tube, from Santa Catarina, Brazil (USNM-43239). G. Operculum, From Tampa Bay, Florida (SERC-93759). Types of collar chaetae. H–J. Bayonet. K. Bayonet with proximal rasp. L. Capillaries. M. Limbate. N. Fin-andblade chaetae. O. Coarsely serrated. – Hydroides sanctaecrucis (H, L). – H. cf. brachyacantha (I). – Spiraserpula ypsilon (J). – H. elegans (K). – H. ochotereana (M).– Pseudochitinopoma occidentalis (N).– Ficopomatus uschakovi (O, modified from Arteaga-Flórez et al. 2014).
Figure 27. A–K, Serpula amplilobata n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa
Figure 27. A–K, Serpula amplilobata n.sp., from holotype AM W21410: (A) coiled tube showing bonded coils and granular overlay; (B,C) two views of the bell- shaped operculum, showing the conspicuously thickened, translucent cuticle along iterradii and tips of radiolar lobes, and the sharp constriction between operculum and peduncle; B also shows the rudimentary operculum; (D) a branchial radiole; (E–I) bayonet-shaped special collar chaetae; note the short unserrated notch; (J) thoracic uncini; (K) anterior abdominal uncini.
FIG. 25. — Serpula dendrocalami C.L in Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90
FIG. 25. — Serpula dendrocalami C.L. Zhao, sp. nov. (holotype): basidiocarps. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 4 cm.
FIG. 26. — Serpula dendrocalami C.L in Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90
FIG. 26. — Serpula dendrocalami C.L. Zhao, sp. nov. (holotype), microscopic structures: A, basidiospores; B, basidia and basidioles; C, a section of hymenium; D, hyphae from trama; E, hyphae from context; F, skeletal hyphae from context. Scale bars: A, 5 µm; B-F, 10 µm.
Niche differentiation and evolution of the wood decay machinery in the invasive fungus Serpula lacrymans
<p>Ecological niche breadth and the mechanisms facilitating its evolution are fundamental to understanding adaptation to changing environments, persistence of generalist and specialist lineages and the formation of new species. Woody substrates are structurally complex resources utilized by organisms with specialized decay machinery. Wood-decaying fungi represent ideal model systems to study evolution of niche breadth, as they vary greatly in their host range and preferred decay stage of the substrate. In order to dissect the genetic basis for niche specialization in the invasive brown rot fungus <i>Serpula lacrymans</i>, we used phenotyping and integrative analysis of phylogenomic and transcriptomic data to compare this species to wild relatives in the Serpulaceae with a range of specialist to generalist decay strategies. Our results indicate specialist species have rewired regulatory networks active during wood decay towards decreased reliance on enzymatic machinery, and therefore nitrogen-intensive decay components. This shift was likely accompanied with adaptation to a narrow tree line habitat and switch to a pioneer decomposer strategy, both requiring rapid colonization of a nitrogen-limited substrate. Among substrate specialists with narrow niches, we also found evidence for pathways facilitating reversal to generalism, highlighting how evolution may move along different axes of niche space.</p>
Figure 30. A–I, Serpula nudiradiata n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa
Figure 30. A–I, Serpula nudiradiata n.sp., from holotype, AM W202942: (A–E)
Serpula intestinalis
Syntype Figured by Phillips (1829, pp.138, 188, pl. 5, fig. 21; 1835, pp.110, 169, 180, pl. 5, fig. 21; 1875, pp. 240, 326, pl. 5, fig. 21) as Serpula intestinalis. Cited by Fox-Strangways (1892b, pp. 146, 199) as Serpula intestinalis Phillips. Scarborough, North Yorkshire. Colour laser scan. Faro laser arm. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Niche differentiation and evolution of the wood decay machinery in the invasive fungus Serpula lacrymans
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Figure 5 in Systematics and life habit in Serpula israelitica Amoureux, 1977 (Polychaeta Serpulidae) from the Mediterranean with remarks on other soft-bottom serpulids
Figure 5. Serpula israelitica. (A) Cross-section of the tube wall flaked in layers of different thickness. Scale bar 100 µm. Sample Noto 10G. (B) Detail. Scale bar 20 µm. Sample Noto 10G. (C) Prismatic crystals from the tube wall ordered in a lamellofibrillar structure partially obliterated by organic matrix within the prisms. Scale bar 10 µm. Sample Noto 10G. (D, E) Ventral and lateral view of a mineralized tabula closing the posterior end of a broken unattached distal end. Scale bar 1 mm. Sample Ciclopi 2G. (F–H) Progressively closer views of a tabula in cross-section showing a sphaerulitic prismatic structure. Scale bars 500 µm (F) and 100 µm (G, H). Sample Noto 10N. (I) Abundant organic matrix overlying the outer surface of a tabula. Scale bar 5 µm. Sample Noto 10N.
Figure 3 in Systematics and life habit in Serpula israelitica Amoureux, 1977 (Polychaeta Serpulidae) from the Mediterranean with remarks on other soft-bottom serpulids
Figure 3. Serpula israelitica. (A) Attached tube parts irregularly curved and widely encrusting a corallinae algal fragment. Scale bar 1 mm. Sample AM/91 2D. (B) Encrusting tube circular in cross-section, with smooth shiny surface and two evident lateral flanges. Scale bar 1 mm. Sample AP07. (C) Detail of smooth outer surface from the attached part of the tube. Scale bar 200 µm. Sample AP07. (D) Row of alveoles inside a broken part of the basal flange. Alveoles are equally sized and regularly aligned. Scale bar 500 µm. Sample AM/91 2D. (E) Internal view of an alveole showing a subquadrangular undulate contour and crystals paving the lumen surface. Scale bar 50 µm. Sample AM/91 2D. (F) Detail of alveole on its inner surface with elongate prismatic crystals irregularly arranged in an unoriented structure. Scale bar 5 µm. Sample AM/91 2D. (G) Encrusting tube still with its proximal end (arrow). Scale bar 1 mm. Sample AP 07. (H) Detail of proximal end of tube, circular in cross-section, weak and lacking ornamentation, separated from the rest of the tube by a narrow rim (arrow). Scale bar 100 µm. Sample AP 07.
Figure 2 in Systematics and life habit in Serpula israelitica Amoureux, 1977 (Polychaeta Serpulidae) from the Mediterranean with remarks on other soft-bottom serpulids
Figure 2. Serpula israelitica. (A) Collar chaetae: slender limbate capillaries. (B) Collar chaeta: geniculate with a narrow distal tip. (C) Thoracic chaetae: limbate capillaries. (D) Thoracic uncinus. (E) Capillary simple chaeta from the 12th thoracic chaetiger. (F) Abdominal chaeta with flat trumpet-shaped end. Scale bars 10 µm. Sample Ciclopi 2G.
Figure 6 in Systematics and life habit in Serpula israelitica Amoureux, 1977 (Polychaeta Serpulidae) from the Mediterranean with remarks on other soft-bottom serpulids
Figure 6. (A) Serpula israelitica: free tube distal part showing three different growth directions (arrows), double orifice (to the left) resulting from two growth directions after accidental breakage. (B) Detail of bifurcation. (C) Tube distal end forming a slightly bend and two angular changes in growth direction. Scale bars 2 mm. Sample Ciclopi 18G. (D–G) Hydroides norvegicus: trochospirally coiled tubes of adult specimens growing free on the sediment. (D) Tube showing on its base a sand grain of the sediment still preserved as the original tiny substrate. (E, F) Dextrally and sinistrally coiled tubes with encrusted substrates not evident. (G) Tube with the cast of the original tiny substrate. Scale bar 1 mm. Samples Megara 6, 8. (H, I) Protula tubularia: tube irregularly folding on itself before straightening and growing vertically far from sediment, as shown by epibiont encrustations exclusively on distal end. Scale bar 5 mm. Sample BIOICE 2168, 2595. (L) Protula tubularia: tube distal end showing three different changes in growth directions (arrows) as a response of subsequent repositions of the animal above the bottom. Scale bar 1 cm. Sample CT 11.
Figure 1 in Systematics and life habit in Serpula israelitica Amoureux, 1977 (Polychaeta Serpulidae) from the Mediterranean with remarks on other soft-bottom serpulids
Figure 1. Serpula israelitica. (A) Branchial crown bearing operculum on the left and a rudimentary club-shaped pseudoperculum on the right. (B) Operculum shallow funnel-shaped with a denticulate edge, transition/operculum marked by a slight constriction. Sample Ciclopi 2G. (C) A coloured specimen within its tube. Sample CANCAP 7.031 (Photo F. Verbiest). (D) Thorax in lateral view, trilobed collar and 12 pairs of chaetigers. Sample Ciclopi 2G. Scale bars 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Systematics and life habit in Serpula israelitica Amoureux, 1977 (Polychaeta Serpulidae) from the Mediterranean with remarks on other soft-bottom serpulids
Figure 4. Serpula israelitica. (A) Tube distal parts. Scale bar 2 mm. Sample Noto 10N. (B) Old-looking tube flaking off in irregular layers. Scale bar 1 mm. Sample Ciclopi 2G. (C) Tube of a young specimen with a shiny outer surface and slight growth lines. Scale bar 1 mm. Sample CR/10. (D) Micromorphology of outer surface of the tube of a young specimen showing rounded and symmetric in section growth lines. Scale bar 200 µm. Sample Ciclopi 2G. (E) Smooth outer surface from a tube distal part corresponding to the adult/old stage, growth lines disappearing with further calcification. Scale bar 200 µm. Sample Noto 10N.
Data from: Molecular characterization of sexual diversity in a population of Serpula lacrymans, a tetrapolar basidiomycete
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Culture performance, gene marker, and transcriptome data for fungal isolates (Chalara longipes, Laccaria bicolor, Serpula lacrymans, and Trichoderma harzianum)
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Contrasting demographic histories revealed in two invasive populations of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans
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FIGURE 5. Didymium serpula. a. Sporocarp. b–d in Myxomycetes biodiversity in Gaziantep Province (Turkey) with four new records
FIGURE 5. Didymium serpula. a. Sporocarp. b–d. Spores, capillitium and lime crystals.
Figure 8 from: Bastida-Zavala R (2012) Serpula and Spiraserpula (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Western Atlantic and Gulf of Guinea. ZooKeys 198: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.198.3030
Figure 8 - Distribution of Spiraserpula caribensis, Spiraserpula karpatensis, Spiraserpula ypsilon and ?Spiraserpula sp. Closed symbols denote examined material, open symbols literature records.
Figure 4 from: Bastida-Zavala R (2012) Serpula and Spiraserpula (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Western Atlantic and Gulf of Guinea. ZooKeys 198: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.198.3030
Figure 4 - A–J Serpula vossae sp. n., from Honduras, USNM 1157004, holotype A tube B entire body; from Guatemala, UMML 22.1053 C–D tube and detail of peristome; from Bahamas, UMML 22.435 E collar region; from Cuba, IO F radiole with eggs; from Honduras, USNM 1157004, holotype G bayonet chaetae H operculum; from Guatemala, UMML 22.1053 I operculum; from Bahamas, UMML 22.435 J operculum.
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