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3 results for “Setophaga caerulescens”
Data and code from "Black-throated blue warblers (Setophaga caerulescens) exhibit diet flexibility and track seasonal changes in insect availability" Kaiser et al. 2024 Ecology and Evolution
Changes in leaf phenology from warming spring and autumn temperatures have lengthened the temperate zone growing ‘green’ season and breeding window for migratory birds in North America. However, the fitness benefits of an extended breeding season will depend, in part, on whether species have sufficient dietary flexibility to accommodate seasonal changes in prey availability. We used fecal DNA metabarcoding to test the hypothesis that seasonal changes in the diets of the insectivorous, migratory black-throated blue warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) track changes in the availability of arthropod prey at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. We examined changes across the breeding season and along an elevation gradient encompassing a two-week difference in green season length. From 98 fecal samples, we identified 395 taxa from 17 arthropod orders; 242 were identified to species, with Cecrita guttivitta (saddled prominent moth), Theridion frondeum (eastern long-legged cobweaver), and Philodromus rufus (white-striped running crab spider) occurring at the highest frequency. We found significant differences in diet composition between survey periods and weak differences among elevation zones. Variance in diet composition was highest late in the season, and diet richness and diversity were highest early in the season. Diet composition was associated with changes in prey availability surveyed over the green season. However, several taxa occurred in diets more or less than expected relative to their frequency of occurrence from survey data, suggesting that prey selection or avoidance sometimes accompanies opportunistic foraging. This study demonstrates that black-throated blue warblers exhibit diet flexibility and track seasonal changes in prey availability, which has implications for migratory bird responses to climate-induced changes in insect communities with longer green seasons. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HB
Photos of a rare warbler hybrid, Yellow Warbler x Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga petechia x Setophaga caerulescens)
<p>Hybridization can have profound effects on biological diversity; however, predictable inheritance of plumage traits remains poorly understood, especially for rare hybrids that are infrequently documented. We reviewed the literature and compiled a comprehensive list of hybrids from the wood warbler family Parulidae, a diverse radiation of songbirds with divergent plumage traits. We used our compilation to analyze modes of inheritance in wing bar patterns and carotenoid coloration. Finally, we described an unusual hybrid from the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico. We identified evidence of hybridization in 44 of 47 (93%) North American parulid species, with highest rates of hybridization in the genus <em>Setophaga</em>. We found predictable inheritance of plumage patterns between hybrid offspring and parental forms in our two focal traits, which supports the identification of our hybrid as a Yellow Warbler x Black-throated Blue Warbler (<em>S. petechia</em> x <em>S. caerulescens</em>). We based our identification on the extent and pattern of white in the tail, a prominent white wing flag, and our ability to confidently rule out all other alternative parentals. Our results suggest that some hybrid pairings can be confidently identified from phenotype alone, and that phenotypes of rare hybrid warblers likely have some degree of predictability.</p>
Photos of a rare warbler hybrid, Yellow Warbler x Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga petechia x Setophaga caerulescens)
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