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55 results for “Sexual behaviour”
Fig. 8 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet
Fig. 8. Multi-rayed star-like spicules of colonial tunicates Didemnum sp. in food pellets of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959).
Fig. 6 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet
Fig. 6. Longitudinal section of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959). A, pharynx and main intestine; B, food pellet remains inside the main intestine. fp, food pellet; mi, main intestine; ph, pharynx.
Fig. 9 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet
Fig. 9. Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959): copulation observed at Longdong bay, northeast coast of Taiwan, 25 July 2011. A, Dermal impregnation for unilateral insemination; B, One individual (right), with the paired penis stretched, gripping its partner (left) at the outermost margin. (spermatophore is indicated by an arrow)
Fig. 7 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet
Fig. 7. Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959) A, with colonial tunicates (indicated by arrows), found at Longdong Bay, Northeast Coast of Taiwan, 28 August 2008; B, regurgitated food pellet (indicated by arrowhead). Chuanfanshr, Kenting, southern Taiwan, 9 February 2006.
Fig. 4 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet
Fig. 4. Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959): rhabdites on epidermis (indicated by arrows). A, B, on the tips of papillae; C, distributed on the inner surface of the male atrium; D, distributed on the female pore.
Fig. 5 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet
Fig. 5. Distribution of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959) A, around Taiwan; B, type locality (hollow square), and the probably distribution of Newman et al. (2003) collection (filled triangles), the distribution of Gosliner et al. (1996) collection (filled circles) in Indo-west Pacific.
Fig. 3 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet
Fig. 3. Diagrammatic representation of the reproductive anatomy of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959). A, male. e, ejaculatory duct; in, intestine; ma, male pore; pr, prostate gland; se, seminal vesicle; sp, sperm; st, stylet; v, vas deferens. B, female. c, cement gland; f, female pore; mi, main intestine; p, pharynx; v, vagina.
Fig. 2 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet
Fig. 2. Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959). Anterior is to the right. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. ce, cerebral eyespots; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; pt, pseudotentacle; s, sucker.
Fig. 1 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet
Fig. 1. Holotypes of Acanthozoon nigropapillosum Hyman, 1959 (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA. No. USNM 28661. Photograph by: Dr. Ning Chao.
Risky sexual behaviours and utilization of HIV testing services among the adolescent girls and young women aged between 15-24 years in Kibra Sub County, Nairobi County, Kenya
<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HIV remains a significant global health challenge, disproportionately affecting adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). HIV testing is crucial in controlling the infection and reducing its prevalence. Understanding risky sexual behaviors among AGYW is pivotal in aligning prevention interventions. Despite global prevention efforts, testing gaps persist among AGYW, linked to risky sexual behavior (RSB). This study explores the association between these behaviors and HIV testing utilization among AGYW (aged 15-24) in Kibra Sub County, Nairobi.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study sampled 379 AGYW from three wards in Kibra Sub County in Nairobi County. To be an eligible participant, one must have been a resident for at least one year before the time of the study and aged between 15-24 years, employing standardized structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and statistical analyses. Results were analyzed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Data was collected between June to July 2023.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, HIV testing prevalence was 60.7% (n=230). Those aged 20-24 were 71.3% (n=164), with secondary education were 63.5% (n=146) and married 28.7% (66) were more likely to undergo testing. Participants engaging in risky behaviors such as lack of condom use (3.96 times more likely), experiencing gender-based violence (4.65 times more likely), or contracting STIs (2.85 times more likely) had higher odds of seeking HIV testing services.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes a clear link between risky sexual behaviors and HIV testing among AGYW, with a 60.7% testing prevalence; however, gaps still exist. Efforts to enhance testing rates are vital. Interventions should align with acceptable methods, focusing on this high-risk group to ensure effective HIV care and prevention.</p>
Sexually antagonistic coevolution of the male nuptial gift and female feeding behaviour in decorated crickets
<p>The evolution of nuptial gifts has traditionally been considered a harmonious affair, providing benefits to both mating partners. There is growing evidence, however, that receiving a nuptial gift can be actively detrimental to the female.<strong> </strong>In decorated crickets (<em>Gryllodes sigillatus</em>), males produce a gelatinous spermatophylax that enhances sperm transfer but provides little nutritional benefit and hinders female post-copulatory mate choice. Here, we examine the sexually antagonistic coevolution of the spermatophylax and the female feeding response to this gift in <em>G. sigillatus</em> maintained in experimental populations with either a male-biased or female-biased adult sex ratio. After 25 generations, males evolving in male-biased populations produced heavier spermatophylaxes with a more manipulative combination of free amino acids than those evolving in female-biased populations. Moreover, when the spermatophylax originated from the same selection regime, females evolving in male-biased populations always had shorter feeding durations than those evolving in female-biased populations indicating the evolution of greater resistance.<strong> </strong>Across populations, female feeding duration increased with the mass and manipulative combination of free amino acids in the spermatophylax suggesting sexually antagonistic coevolution.<strong> </strong>Collectively, our work demonstrates a key role for interlocus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic coevolution in the mating system of<em> G. sigillatus</em>.</p>
Data set: Evidence for the validity of the Attitudes toward Sexual Behaviours Scale (ASBS) with Canadian young people
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Oviposition behaviour is not affected by ultraviolet light in a butterfly with sexually-dimorphic expression of a UV-sensitive opsin
<p>Animal vision is important for mediating multiple complex behaviours. In <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies, vision guides fundamental behaviours such as oviposition, foraging and mate choice. Colour vision in <em>Heliconius</em> involves ultraviolet (UV), blue and long- wavelength sensitive photoreceptors (opsins). Additionally, <em>Heliconius</em> possess a duplicated UV opsin, and its expression varies widely within the genus. In <em>Heliconius</em> <em>erato</em>, opsin expression is sexually dimorphic; only females express both UV-sensitive opsins, enabling UV wavelength discrimination. However, the selective pressures responsible for sex-specific differences in opsin expression and visual perception remain unresolved. Female <em>Heliconius</em> invest heavily in finding suitable hostplants for oviposition, a behaviour heavily dependent on visual cues. Here, we tested the hypothesis that UV vision is important for oviposition in <em>H</em>. <em>erato</em> and <em>Heliconius</em> <em>himera</em> females by manipulating the availability of UV in behavioural experiments under natural conditions. Our results indicate that UV does not influence the number of oviposition attempts or eggs laid, and the hostplant, <em>Passiflora</em> <em>punctata</em>, does not reflect UV wavelengths. Models of <em>H. erato</em> female vision suggest only minimal stimulation of the UV opsins. Overall, these findings suggest that UV wavelengths do not directly affect the ability of <em>Heliconius</em> females to find suitable oviposition sites. Alternatively, UV discrimination could be used in the context of foraging or mate choice, but this remains to be tested.</p>
Sex differences in the behavioural traits across ontogenetic stages in a sexually-size dimorphic spider
<p><span>Selection acts differently on females and males due to differences in potential reproductive rates, driving the evolution of sex differences in traits, including growth and behaviour. Additionally, selection pressures vary during an individual's ontogeny, with growth being crucial in early developmental stages and reproduction during adulthood, leading to age- and sex-specific behavioural strategies. In this study, we investigated a sexually-size dimorphic spider, the raft spider (<em>Dolomedes fimbriatus</em>), where females are substantially larger than males. We repeatedly observed spiders from juvenile to adult stages, examining boldness, voracity towards prey, and probability to attack. Our findings revealed that females exhibited greater boldness, voracity, and probability to back-attack the simulated attacker compared to males. Notably, the observed behaviours changed during ontogeny, with sex differences in the magnitudes and directions of change, indicating distinct life history strategies between sexes. Moreover, we detected positive associations between body mass or age and behavioural traits, supporting a proposed positive feedback loop between assets and behaviour. While mass and age were not significant confounding predictors in the analyses of sex differences in behaviour, some collinearity was present between sex, mass, and age, so that their effects on behavioural differences between sexes cannot be conclusively disentangled. Repeatability of behaviours was low but significant for boldness and probability to attack, with similar estimates between sexes. These results underscore the importance of considering sex-specific life history strategies in behavioural trait studies. </span></p>
Oviposition behaviour is not affected by ultraviolet light in a butterfly with sexually-dimorphic expression of a UV-sensitive opsin
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Sexually antagonistic coevolution of the male nuptial gift and female feeding behaviour in decorated crickets
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Sex differences in the behavioural traits across ontogenetic stages in a sexually-size dimorphic spider
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Risky sexual behaviours and utilization of HIV testing services among the adolescent girls and young women aged between 15-24 years in Kibra Sub County, Nairobi County, Kenya
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Data from: An experimental evaluation of traits that influence the sexual behaviour of pollinators in sexually deceptive orchids
Pollination by sexual deception of male insects is perhaps one of the most remarkable cases of mimicry in the plant kingdom. However, understanding the influence of floral traits on pollinator behaviour in sexually deceptive orchids is challenging, due to the risk of confounding changes in floral odour when manipulating morphology. Here, we investigated the floral traits influencing the sexual response of male Zaspilothynnus nigripes (Tiphiidae) wasps, a pollinator of two distantly related sexually deceptive orchids with contrasting floral architecture, Caladenia pectinata and Drakaea livida. In D. livida the chemical sexual attractant is emitted from the labellum, while in C. pectinata it is produced from the distal sepal tips, allowing manipulative experiments. When controlling for visual cues there was no difference in long distance attraction, though the floral odour of D. livida induced copulation more frequently than that of C. pectinata. The role of colour in pollinator sexual attraction was equivocal, indicating that colour may not be a strong constraint on the initial evolution of sexual deception. The frequency of wasp visitors landing on C. pectinata decreased when the amount of floral odour was reduced, but attempted copulation rates were enhanced when the source of floral odour was associated with the labellum. These latter variables may represent axes of selection that operate across many sexually deceptive species. Nonetheless, the observed variation in floral traits suggests flexibility in how sexual deception can be achieved.
Data associated to: A bioenergetics approach to understanding sex differences in the foraging behaviour of a sexually monomorphic species
<p>Many animals show sexually divergent foraging behaviours reflecting different physiological constraints or energetic needs. We used a bioenergetics approach to examine sex differences in foraging behaviour of the sexually monomorphic northern gannet. We used the relationship between dynamic body acceleration and energy expenditure to investigate energetic cost of prey capture attempts (plunge dives). Fourteen gannets were tracked using GPS, TDR, and accelerometers. All plunge dives in a foraging trip represented <4% of total energy expenditure, with no significant sex differences in expenditure. Despite females undertaking significantly more dives than males, the low energetic cost resulted in no sex differences in overall energy expenditure across a foraging trip. Bayesian stable isotope mixing models based on blood samples highlighted sex differences in diet, however, calorific intake from successful prey capture was estimated to be similar between sexes. Females experienced 9.6% higher energy demands, due to unequal chick provisioning. Estimates show a minimum of 21% of dives have to be successful for females to meet their daily energy requirements, and 29% for males. Our analyses suggest northern gannets show sex differences in foraging behaviour primarily related to dive rate and success rather than the energetic cost of foraging or energetic content of prey.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.